Beyond PHA: Stimulating intracellular accumulation of added-value compounds in mixed microbial cultures.

This review compiled and analyzed the operational conditions (dissolved oxygen, feast and famine ratio, sequential batch reactor cycle length, organic loading rate (OLR), pH, C/N, and temperature) established during the feast and famine culture strategy for the mixed microbial cultures (MMC) selection to understand how these variables could affect the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates, polyglucose, triacylglycerides, levulinic acid and adipic acid from non-fermented substrates. According to the reported information, the dissolved oxygen has a greater impact on the type and amount of produced compound. In a lesser extent, the OLR and the cycle length were identified to have an impact on the accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoates, whose accumulation was favored at lower OLR and longer cycle lengths.

Effect of season, feeding, and anatomical region on the triacylglycerol profile of Iberian pig fat.

The work studies the effects of season, feeding type, and anatomical region on the Iberian pig fat triacylglycerol (TAG) profiles, considered as compositional data (CoDa). The analysis consisted of applying exploratory tools in the simplex and standard multivariate techniques to data transformed into the Euclidean space (ilr coordinates). Compositional biplot showed differences in TAG containing palmitic (P) and oleic (O) acids between the 2005 and 2003/2004 seasons but not within these.

Valorisation of L. Olive Leaves through the Evaluation of Their Extracts: Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity.

L. leaves constitute a source of bioactive compounds with recognized benefits for both human health and technological purposes. In the present work, different extracts from olive leaves were obtained by the application of two extraction methods, Soxhlet and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and six solvents (distilled water, ethanolic and glycerol mixtures solvents).

Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic and Sugar Profiles of Date Fruits Extracts from Six Different Algerian Cultivars as Influenced by Ripening Stages and Extraction Systems.

The study investigated the phenols, sugar and the antioxidant capacities of date fruit extracts obtained by organic solvents and by hydrothermal treatment from six different Algerian cultivars at two ripening stages for the first time. The analyzed cultivars exhibited potent antioxidant properties (ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) scavenging capacities) and different phenols regardless of the solvents and the maturity stages. About 18 phenols were identified and quantified, mainly in the hydrothermal extracts.

From Green Technology to Functional Olive Oils: Assessing the Best Combination of Olive Tree-Related Extracts with Complementary Bioactivities.

Our aim was to assess the combination of olive tree-related extracts with the most favorable profile of in vitro bioactive properties. We tested the antioxidant (increment of low-density lipoprotein resistance against oxidation), vasoactive (promotion of nitric oxide release and decrease of endothelin-1 production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells), anti-inflammatory (decrease of the endothelial production of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1), and antithrombotic (reduction of the endothelial release of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) capacities of six phenolic extracts and three triterpenic acid solutions (Ps and Ts, respectively). We tested extracts alone and in combination, at nutritional (Ps: 0.

Modeling of the effect of zeolite concentration on the biological nitrification process in the presence of sulfide and organic matter.

The evaluation of the nitrification kinetics in the simultaneous presence of sulfide and organic matter using zeolite as improver was the main goal of this work. According to the sensitivity and collinearity analyses, five parameters were the most sensitive in the model, whose calibrated values were: = 0.02642 ± 0.

Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity of Hydroxytyrosol and 3,4-Dihydroxyphenyglycol Purified from Table Olive Effluents.

New liquid effluents based on the use of acetic acid in the table olive industry make it easier to extract bioactive compounds to be used for food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical purposes. The use of water acidified with acetic acid or in brine with or without acetic acid for storing the table olive enhances the extraction of two more active phenolic compounds: hydroxytyrosol (HT) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG). This work has two aims: (1) measure the solubilization of phenolics controlled for two years using more than thirty olive varieties with different ripeness index as a potential source of HT and DHPG, and (2) evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the purified phenolics.

Impact of Processing and Extraction on the Minor Components of Green Spanish-Style Gordal Table Olive Fat, as Assessed by Innovative Approaches.

This work aims to study the effect of the green Spanish-style table olive processing and extraction method of fat on its minor components. For this purpose, it uses standard multivariate analysis (developed for Euclidean space), Compositional Data (CoDa) analysis (for data in the simplex) and Multiple Factor analysis (MFA). Overall, processing had a scarce effect on most of the minor components except ethyl and methyl esters and diacylglycerols, which markedly increased during fermentation; however, these compounds in table olive do not have the negative connotations that those in olive oil do since they are normal metabolites from the yeast microflora habitually present during the process.

Steroid hormones sulfatase inactivation extends lifespan and ameliorates age-related diseases.

Aging and fertility are two interconnected processes. From invertebrates to mammals, absence of the germline increases longevity. Here we show that loss of function of sul-2, the Caenorhabditis elegans steroid sulfatase (STS), raises the pool of sulfated steroid hormones, increases longevity and ameliorates protein aggregation diseases.

Relating starter cultures to volatile profile and potential markers in green Spanish-style table olives by compositional data analysis.

This work relates native lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Lactobacillus pentosus LPG1, L. pentosus Lp13, and Lactobacillus plantarum Lpl15) and yeast (Wickerhamomyces anomalus Y12) starters to the volatile components (VOCs) produced in green Spanish-style table olives. For this aim, the VOC profile was considered as compositional data (CoDa).

Characterization and function of a sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Class II acyl-CoA-binding protein.

Acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBP) bind to long-chain acyl-CoA esters and phospholipids, enhancing the activity of different acyltransferases in animals and plants. Nevertheless, the role of these proteins in the synthesis of triacylglycerols (TAGs) remains unclear. Here, we cloned a cDNA encoding HaACBP1, a Class II ACBP from sunflower (Helianthus annuus), one of the world's most important oilseed crop plants.

Characterization and Processing of Table Olives: A Special Issue.

Table olives are recognized as an essential component of the Mediterranean diet, having been explicitly included in the second level of its nutritional pyramid as an aperitif or culinary ingredient, with a recommended daily consumption of one to two portions (15-30 g). Producers demand innovative techniques improving the performance and industrial sustainability, as well as the development of new products that respond efficiently to increasingly demanding consumers. The purpose of this special issue was to publish high-quality papers with the aim to cover the state-of-the-art, recent progress and perspectives related to characterization and processing of table olives.

New Liquid Source of Antioxidant Phenolic Compounds in the Olive Oil Industry: Alperujo Water.

The current management of alperujo as the main solid by-product from the two-phase olive oil extraction system has led to the appearance of a new liquid effluent that until now was treated together with the alperujo itself. The composition and antioxidant properties of its bioactive components at different depths of the pond were studied using colorimetric and HPLC with UV and MS detectors, DPPH, reducing power and rancimat. The concentration of suspended solids varied between 1.

Date Seeds: A Promising Source of Oil with Functional Properties.

The cultivation of the date palm ( L.) is the main activity and source of livelihood for people from arid and semiarid regions of the world. Date production is increasing every year.

Influence of Alkaline Treatment on Structural Modifications of Chlorophyll Pigments in NaOH-Treated Table Olives Preserved without Fermentation.

Alkaline treatment is a key stage in the production of green table olives and its main aim is rapid debittering of the fruit. Its action is complex, with structural changes in both the skin and the pulp, and loss of bioactive components in addition to the bitter glycoside oleuropein. One of the components seriously affected are chlorophylls, which are located mainly in the skin of the fresh fruit.

Functional Characterization of Lysophosphatidylcholine: Acyl-CoA Acyltransferase Genes From Sunflower ( L.).

Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT, EC 2.3.1.

Tracking Sensory Characteristics of Virgin Olive Oils During Storage: Interpretation of Their Changes from a Multiparametric Perspective.

Virgin olive oil is inevitably subject to an oxidation process during storage that can affect its stability and quality due to off-flavors that develop before the oil surpasses its 'best before' date. Many parameters are involved in the oxidation process at moderate conditions. Therefore, a multiparametric study is necessary to establish a link between physico-chemical changes and sensory quality degradation in a real storage experiment.

In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Ripe Table Olive Mineral Nutrients.

For the first time, the bioaccessibility of the mineral nutrients in ripe table olives and their contributions to the recommended daily intake (RDI), according to digestion methods (Miller's vs. Crews' protocols), digestion type (standard vs. modified, standard plus a post-digest re-extraction), and mineralisation system (wet vs.

Application of zeolites for biological treatment processes of solid wastes and wastewaters - A review.

This review reports the use of zeolites in biological processes such as anaerobic digestion, nitrification, denitrification and composting, review that has not been proposed yet. It was found that aerobic processes (activated sludge, nitrification, Anammox) use zeolites as ion-exchanger and biomass carriers in order to improve the seattlebility, the biomass growth on zeolite surface and the phosphorous removal. In the case of anaerobic digestion and composting, zeolites are mainly used with the aim of retaining inhibitors such as ammonia and heavy metals through ion-exchange.

Differentiation between Ripening Stages of Iberian Dry-Cured Ham According to the Free Amino Acids Content.

In this paper, the differentiation of three ripening stages, postsalting, drying, and cellar, of Iberian dry-cured ham has been carried out according to their free amino acids contents. Eighteen L-amino acids, alanine, 2-aminobutanoic acid, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glycine, histidine, hydroxyproline, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tyrosine, and valine have been determined by gas chromatography with derivatization with N,O-(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to confirm the presence of the eighteen amino acids in the ham samples, and gas chromatography using a DB-17HT column and flame ionization detector was used for quantitative determination.

Panel and Panelist Performance in the Sensory Evaluation of Black Ripe Olives from Spanish Manzanilla and Hojiblanca Cultivars.

There is vast experience in the application of sensory analysis to green Spanish-style olives, but ripe black olives (≈1 × 10 kg for 2016/2017) have received scarce attention and panelists have less experience on the evaluation of this presentation. Therefore, the study of their performance during the assessment of this presentation is critical. Using previously developed lexicon, ripe olives from Manzanilla and Hojiblanca cultivars from different origins were sensory analysed according to the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA).

Phosphorus Availability Regulates TORC1 Signaling via LST8 in Chlamydomonas.

Target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) is a central regulator of cell growth. It balances anabolic and catabolic processes in response to nutrients, growth factors, and energy availability. Nitrogen- and carbon-containing metabolites have been shown to activate TORC1 in yeast, animals, and plants.

Extra virgin olive oil diet intervention improves insulin resistance and islet performance in diet-induced diabetes in mice.

Dietary composition plays an important role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Monounsaturated fatty acid consumption has been positively associated with improved insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. We examined whether an extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) high fat diet (HFD) can improve glucose homeostasis.