Antibacterial activities of phytochemical constituents from the leaves of (Olacaceae) and investigations of ursolic acid.

From the leaves of , fourteen compounds were isolated and identified: D-mannitol (), a mixture of β-sitosterol () and stigmasterol (), α-amyrin (), betulin (), lupeol (), lupenone (), betulinic acid (), taraxerol (), 3β-(E)-coumaroyltaraxerol (), 3β-(Z)-coumaroyltaraxerol (), ursolic acid (), stigmasterol 3-O-β-D-glucoside (), and β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucoside (). These compounds were analysed through NMR spectroscopy (both 1D and 2D) and by comparing them to previously published data. Compounds , , , and - have been identified from this species for the first time.

Nutritional composition and antioxidant potential of monkey pineapple () fruit pulp and seeds from Cameroon Eastern forests.

The aim of this work was to determine the nutritional value and antioxidant potential of the pulp and seeds of the fruit of grown and consumed in the Eastern Region of Cameroon. The physicochemical and nutritional analyses of the pulp and seeds showed that the water content ranged from 89.33 to 95.

Case Report: First use of dental bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate composite without UV light polymerization for repair of iatrogenic CSF leak following a frontal craniotomy plus tumor resection.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (bis-GMA) without UV light polymerization for the repair of refractory iatrogenic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks with large skull base defects.

Background: CSF leakage remains a common complication after neurosurgical interventions with a substantial resultant impact on morbidity and increased healthcare costs. The management of refractory CSF leaks with large skull base defects remains challenging.

Synthesis of an exfoliated kaolinite-poly(urea-formaldehyde) nanocomposite.

In this study, kaolinite-poly(urea-formaldehyde) was successfully prepared through the polymerization of urea intercalated within the kaolinite structure. Polymerization was carried out under ambient conditions by immersing kaolinite-urea in formaldehyde. Evidence of urea intercalation and polymerization was obtained from FTIR, XRD, and thermal analysis (TG-DSC).

Resistance to medically important antimicrobials in broiler and layer farms in Cameroon and its relation with biosecurity and antimicrobial use.

Introduction: Poultry production accounts for 42% of Cameroonian meat production. However, infectious diseases represent the main hindrance in this sector, resulting in overuse and misuse of antimicrobials that can contribute to the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) conferring resistance to carbapenems ( and ), (fluoro) quinolones (, , and ), polymyxins ( to ), and macrolides ( and ) in the poultry farm environment.

An eastern Congolian endemic, or widespread but secretive? New data on the recently described (Anura, Hyperoliidae) from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

The Great Lakes spiny reed frog () was recently described from transitional (submontane) forests at mid-elevations of the Albertine Rift mountains in the eastern Congolian region. Previously, because of its similarity, it had been understood to represent eastern populations of the unrelated , which is known mainly from Cameroon. Based on DNA barcoding, we document the westward extension of the known range of within lowland rainforests in the Northeastern and Central Congolian Lowland Forests.

Chamilactones A and B, Sesquiterpenes from the Endophytic Fungus F5.

A bioassay-guided chemical investigation of the endophytic fungus F5 resulted in the discovery of two novel sesquiterpenes, chamilactones A and B ( and ), with a new 9,10-seco-15--isoilludalane carbon skeleton, together with several biosynthetically related precursors (-). Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by the analysis of MS, NMR, calculated C chemical shifts, ECD calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. It was proposed that an unprecedented carbon-carbon bond cleavage between C-9 and C-10 in - was the key step in the biosynthetic pathway of and .

Low levels of Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at the treatment centre of the Regional Hospital Bamenda, Northwest Cameroon.

Background: Malaria and HIV are leading causes of death in Africa, including Cameroon. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is expected to boost immunity and reduce vulnerability to opportunistic infections. Reports on comorbidities including malaria are common in Cameroon.

Prevalence, risk and resilience factors of mental health conditions among female sex workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Female sex workers are a vulnerable hard-to-reach group. Research in this field is scarce due to several issues, such as methodological difficulties or societal stigmatization. Most of the available literature focuses on sexually transmittable diseases.

Diversity, abundance of anopheline species, and malaria transmission dynamics in high-altitude areas of western Cameroon.

: Assessing vector bionomics is crucial to improving vector control strategies. Several entomological studies have been conducted to describe malaria transmission in different eco-epidemiological settings in Cameroon; knowledge gaps persist, particularly in highland areas. This study aimed to characterize malaria vectors in three localities along an altitudinal gradient in the western region: Santchou (700 m), Dschang (1400 m), and Penka Michel (1500 m).

Assessing the African burden of breast cancer: A demographic analysis using Global Cancer Observatory 2022.

Background: Breast cancer is a major health issue for women in Africa. This study aims to assess the burden of the disease using the latest estimates from Global Cancer Observatory 2022.

Methods: Data were sourced from the Global Cancer Observatory 2022.

A successful initial management of a penetrating head trauma in a rural district hospital: Case report.

Penetrating head trauma is the most fatal form of head injury. Although many cases of penetrating head trauma have been reported in the literature, its management remains complex, requiring a multidisciplinary team, which makes it a challenge in district hospitals where human resources and technical equipment are limited. We aim to present a successful initial management of a case of penetrating head trauma in a rural district hospital before a transfer to a first category hospital.

Subclinical spp. Infections in a Community Setting in Bangui, Central African Republic.

Background: Malaria is a major public health problem in the Central African Republic (CAR). Data on malaria epidemiology are often derived from confirmed cases of symptomatic malaria using passive detection approaches, with very limited knowledge of the extent of subclinical and submicroscopic infections.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Bangui, the capital of the CAR, to assess the prevalence of subclinical malaria parasitaemia.

A high-throughput, microplate reader-based method to monitor in vitro HIV latency reversal in the absence of flow cytometry.

J-Lat cells are derivatives of the Jurkat CD4 T cell line that contain a non-infectious, inducible HIV provirus with a GFP tag. While these cells have substantially advanced our understanding of HIV latency, their use by many laboratories in low and middle-income countries is restricted by limited access to flow cytometry. To overcome this barrier, we describe a modified J-Lat assay using a standard microplate reader that detects HIV-GFP expression following treatment with latency-reversing agents (LRAs).

Production of instant cassava () tuber flour for : optimization of process conditions.

Unlabelled: Production of instant cassava tuber flour for is an appealing process because of a significant reduction in cooking time, it involves less tedious preparation, the flour has improved odor with a significant increase in shelf life, and is of better quality. However, the optimum cassava fermentation and precooking parameters; two critical unit operations in the process, as well as their effects on the quality and shelf life of the product have not been studied elaborately. The Doehlert design was employed to optimize the fermentation and the precooking processes of cassava () tuber to produce instant flour for .

Parasitic infection prevalence in tuberculosis patients and their household contacts in the Littoral Region of Cameroon.

Background: Parasitic infections are known to suppress the cell mediated immunity that protects against tuberculosis. The status of parasitic infections among bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis patients and their household contacts in Cameroon is not well established. This study aimed at reporting the status of parasitic infections in TB patients and their household contacts with keen interest in associated risk factors to disease exposure.

[Sleeve gastrectomy for the surgical management of obesity at the Essos Hospital Center (Yaoundé, Cameroon): a retrospective case series study evaluating medium-term weight loss].

While the prevalence of overweight and obesity is rising in Africa, the practice of bariatric surgery remains limited in our country, Cameroon. Weight loss outcomes following sleeve gastrectomy (SG), the most widely used bariatric surgery technique worldwide, have not yet been studied in our context. The medical records of all patients who underwent SG in our surgery department between January 1, 2016, and September 30, 2020, were reviewed retrospectively.

Factors Associated with HIV Testing Uptake in Cameroon: Data from the 2018 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey.

Background: HIV represents a significant public health challenge, contributing to increased mortality and morbidity within the population. Despite the implementation of various HIV testing strategies, the uptake rate of HIV testing remains low.

Objective: This study aims to assess the factors associated with HIV testing uptake among women and men in Cameroon.

Revisiting water resources management in the Mandara Mountains.

This article evaluates the prospects for rainwater harvesting (RWH) as a means of optimizing water management in the Mandara Mountains. RWH is a small-scale water conservation approach for locally intercepting and storing rainfall before it enters the usual hydrologic cycle. This ancient practice has recently sustained lives in semiarid areas of the world (e.

Tenofovir and Doravirine Are Potential Reverse-Transcriptase Analogs in Combination with the New Reverse-Transcriptase Translocation Inhibitor (Islatravir) Among Treatment-Experienced Patients in Cameroon: Designing Future Treatment Strategies for Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Islatravir (ISL) is a novel antiretroviral that inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase translocation. The M184V mutation, known to reduce ISL's viral susceptibility in vitro, could arise from prolonged exposure to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) (3TC). This study evaluated the predictive efficacy of ISL and identified potentially active antiretrovirals in combination among treatment-experienced patients in Cameroon, where NRTIs (3TC) have been the backbone of ART for decades now.

Antiplasmodial Activity of a New Chemotype of Hochst. Ex C. Krauss Essential Oil.

, a tropical African plant, is traditionally used to treat several diseases, including fever, inflammation, and malaria. Essential oils (EOs) from the plant's leaves, roots, and trunk bark were obtained by hydrodistillation, and their chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major constituents identified were virdiflorene (18.

High prevalence of multidrug resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infections in the West region, Cameroon.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance remains a worldwide health problem with serious societal and economical repercussions. Multidrug resistant and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase producing-Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) are pathogens of critical public health priority that urgently require the research and development of new drugs. This study aims to determine the prevalence and characterize the genes conferring resistance to β-lactams among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the West region, Cameroon.

Hennegoides Africanus sp. nov. from Kadey River in Cameroon.

Purpose: Fish are susceptible to various parasitic infections, with Myxozoa emerging as a major group. A taxonomic study of Myxozoa is essential for the rapid diagnosis of species potentially responsible for epizootic diseases.

Methods: The studied fish was collected from the Kadey River, a tributary of the Sangha River in the Congo Basin in Cameroon, and parasitologically dissected.

Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Brain Health Indicators in Cuban Preschoolers.

Secondhand smoke affects nearly 40% of children worldwide, leading to serious health and behavioral problems. Being neurotoxic, it poses potential risks for child health and learning. In Cuba, there is limited research on the association of secondhand smoke with children's brain health, especially in vulnerable populations like young children at home.

The Impact of COVID-19 on DTP3 Vaccination Coverage in Europe (2012-2023).

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted routine child immunization efforts, threatening to reverse progress in controlling vaccine-preventable diseases.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on DTP3 vaccination in Europe by comparing trends before and after the pandemic using time series data from 2000 to 2023. Employing joinpoint regression, chi-square tests, and segmented regression analysis, we assessed DTP3 vaccination trends and coverage changes.