Tracking the surface structure and the influence of cations and anions on the double-layer region of a Au(111) electrode.

We examined the electric double-layer (EDL) of a Au(111) electrode in a dilute perchloric acid solution using a combination of capacitance measurements and scanning tunnelling microscopy under electrochemical conditions (ECSTM). The "camel-shaped" capacitance curve of the EDL is studied with different cations and anions, including their impact on the potential of zero charge (PZC). We show that the ECSTM images of thermally reconstructed and of the potential-induced surface reconstruction of Au(111) in perchloric acid electrolyte resemble previous work in sulphuric acid, displaying a herringbone pattern for a thermally reconstructed surface.

Circulation of Non-Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Coronaviruses in Imported Camels in Saudi Arabia.

Background Coronaviruses (CoVs) pose significant health risks to humans, with recent outbreaks like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) underscoring their zoonotic potential. Dromedary camels () have been implicated as intermediate hosts for MERS-CoV, prompting heightened surveillance efforts. This study aims to identify non-MERS-CoV CoVs in imported camels at the Jeddah seaport, Saudi Arabia, using molecular techniques.

Osteopontin expression in dromedary camel's conceptuses during the peri-implantation period.

The reproductive efficiency of dromedary camels is hindered by challenges such as early embryonic mortality, which may be attributed to a lack of synchronization between conceptus signalling and uterine receptivity. Understanding the intricate biological processes involved in feto-maternal interactions during implantation is crucial to address these limitations. Osteopontin (OPN) is a protein involved in cell signalling and adhesion, playing a crucial role in embryonic implantation.

Review on camel genetic diversity: ecological and economic perspectives.

Camels, known as the "Ship of the Desert," play a vital role in the ecosystems and economies of arid and semi-arid regions. They provide meat, milk, transportation, and other essential services, and their resilience to harsh environments makes them invaluable. Despite their similarities, camel breeds exhibit notable differences in size, color, and structure, with over 40 million camels worldwide.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of camrelizumab plus paclitaxel and carboplatin sintilimab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin or carboplatin for the first-line treatment of local advanced or metastatic squamous NSCLC in Chinese mainland.

Objective: Both camrelizumab plus paclitaxel and carboplatin (CTC) and sintilimab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin or carboplatin (SGP) have been approved by the National Medical Products Administration of China (NMPA) for the first-line treatment of local advanced or metastatic sqNSCLC. However, the comparison of the two treatments as first-line treatments in efficacy or pharmacoeconomics has barely been studied. To deeply understand the costs and outcomes of the two treatments, this work directly compared the cost-effectiveness for the first-line treatment of local advanced or metastatic squamous NSCLC in the Chinese mainland.

Development and characterization of wax-bovine bone protein-grapeseed oil composite oleogels: Experimental and molecular simulation studies.

Three new types of composite oleogel formulations were designed. Specifically, oleogels were prepared using 90% grapeseed oil as the oil phase and carnauba wax (CW)/beeswax/rice bran wax-bovine bone protein (BBP) as gelators. All samples were solid and had an oil-binding capacity of >90%.

Serological Evidence of Bactrian Camel Infection with Tamdy Virus, Xinjiang, China.

Tamdy Virus (TAMV) is a pathogenic nairovirus widely distributed in central Asia and northwestern China. However, the host range of TAMV remains unclear, which limits our understanding the transmission cycle and cross-species patterns of this virus. A total of 160 serum samples were collected from livestock animals of camels, cattle, and sheep in Xinjiang, China between 2018 and 2021.

Large-Scale Molecular Epidemiological Survey of sp. among Herbivores in Egypt and Assessment of Potential Zoonotic Risk.

Given the proven zoonotic potential of the intestinal protozoan sp., a fast-growing number of surveys are being conducted to identify potential animal reservoirs for transmission of the parasite. Nevertheless, few epidemiological studies have been conducted on farmed animals in Egypt.

Whole-Genome Resequencing Analysis of the (Bactrian Camel) Genome Identifies Mutations and Genes Affecting Milk Production Traits.

Milk production is an important trait that influences the economic value of camels. However, the genetic regulatory mechanisms underlying milk production in camels have not yet been elucidated. We aimed to identify candidate molecular markers that affect camel milk production.

Exploring the Mechanism of HS Synthesis in Male Bactrian Camel Poll Glands Based on Data Independent Acquisition Proteomics and Non-Targeted Metabolomics.

During estrus, the poll glands of male Bactrian Camels () become slightly raised, exuding a large amount of pale yellow watery secretion with a characteristic odor that may contain hydrogen sulfide (HS). However, whether HS can be synthesized in the poll glands of male Bactrian Camels and its role in inducing camel estrus remains unclear. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and signaling pathways in the poll gland tissues of male Bactrian Camels using data independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics.

Mapping immunodominant sites on the MERS-CoV spike glycoprotein targeted by infection-elicited antibodies in humans.

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) first emerged in 2012 and causes human infections in endemic regions. Vaccines and therapeutics in development against MERS-CoV focus on the spike (S) glycoprotein to prevent viral entry into target cells. These efforts are limited by a poor understanding of antibody responses elicited by infection.

Diversity of hard ticks parasitizing farm animals in the Qarabulli region, Northwestern Libya.

Background: There are 26 species of ticks known to exist in Libya. Despite the presence of a number of investigations on ticks in Libya, there are no published studies on ticks in the Al-Qarboulli area.

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the tick species infesting farm animals in the Qarabulli region.

Microorganisms in the rumen and intestine of camels have the ability to degrade 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4, 5-f]quinoline.

Heterocyclic amines (HAs) are a group of mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds produced from the processing of high-protein foods, which include 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4, 5-f]quinoline (IQ) showing the strongest carcinogenic effect. Camels are able to digest HAs in foods, which provide rich microbial resources for the study. Thus, camel rumen and intestinal microbiota were used to degrade IQ, and the dominant microorganisms and their degradation characteristics were investigated.

MERS-CoV exposure and risk factors for MERS-CoV ELISA seropositivity among members of livestock-owning households in southern Jordan: a population based cross-sectional study.

Background: Although dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) are known to be the host reservoir for MERS-CoV, the virus causing Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), zoonotic transmission pathways and camel subpopulations posing highest transmission risk are poorly understood. Extensively managed herds, ubiquitous across the Arabian Peninsula, present a major potential source of primary infection. In this study we aimed to address key knowledge gaps regarding MERS epidemiology among high-risk communities associated with such herds, which is essential information for effective control strategies.

Next-Generation Sequencing and Proteomics-Enabled Approach for Rapid and High-Throughput Isolation of Virus-Neutralizing Nanobodies.

Compared with traditional antibodies, nanobodies from camelids have various advantages, including small molecular weight, high affinity, low immunogenicity, convenient production through genetic engineering, etc. Here we combined next-generation sequencing (NGS) with proteomics technology based on affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS) and bioinformatics analysis to high-throughput screen monoclonal nanobodies from camels immunized with surface glycoprotein (glycoprotein N, Gn) of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus and fulfilled production of the screened anti-Gn monoclonal nanobody with high affinity by genetic engineering. The innovative high-throughput technical route developed here could also be expanded to the production of neutralizing nanobodies specific for Rift Valley fever virus.

Iatrogenic transmission of Trypanosoma evansi infection in camels and its consequences.

Trypanosoma evansi infection has started to become a wide spread phenomena around the camel-rearing areas of North Africa and the Middle East. The disease caused by trypanosomes is locally known as "Surra" and it can seriously impact not only the health of domestic animals but the local economy as well. After taking over the management of a farm containing approximately 700 camels, it was found that a large number were suffering from trypanosome infection and it was of the utmost importance to find the source of this infection.

Morphogenesis of the ostrich () trachea and lung in different embryonic and fetal stages.

The ostrich () is an important wild species highlighted in national and international livestock industry. This research was conducted to analyze the development of the ostrich respiratory system during fetal and embryonic stages. A total of 50 fertile ostrich eggs were collected from commercial farms and then incubated at 36.

Molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance genes of isolated from mastitic camel milk in Egypt.

is one of the most common causes of mastitis worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of in mastitic milk samples collected from camel farms in Matrouh Governorate, Egypt. A total of 200 mastitic camel milk samples were evaluated for using both conventional culture-based and molecular-based methods.