Aligning orthodontic education: Investigating the use of a digital app to improve the performance in managing orthodontic problems.

Introduction: General dentists are qualified to manage orthodontic emergencies within their scope of practice. This may involve advice, hands-on intervention or referral to a specialist orthodontist. This study aimed to assess the effect of an orthodontic app on dental undergraduates' ability to manage common orthodontic issues.

Eight-year longitudinal falls trajectories and associations with modifiable risk factors: evidence from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA).

Background: The label 'faller' and the associated stigma may reduce healthcare-seeking behaviours. However, falls are not inevitably progressive and many drivers are modifiable. This observational study described the 8-year longitudinal trajectories of self-reported falls in The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) and studied associations with factors, including mobility, cognition, orthostatic hypotension (OH), fear of falling (FOF) and use of antihypertensive and antidepressant medications.

Systemic and Cerebral Effects of Physiotherapy in Mechanically Ventilated Subjects.

Background: Physiotherapy may result in better functional outcomes, shorter duration of delirium, and more ventilator-free days. The effects of physiotherapy on different subpopulations of mechanically ventilated patients on respiratory and cerebral function are still unclear. We evaluated the effect of physiotherapy on systemic gas exchange and hemodynamics as well as on cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics in mechanically ventilated subjects with and without COVID-19 pneumonia.

Artificial intelligence in radiology: trainees want more.

Aim: To understand the attitudes of UK radiology trainees towards artificial intelligence (AI) in Radiology, in particular, assessing the demand for AI education.

Materials And Methods: A survey, which ran over a period of 2 months, was created using the Google Forms platform and distributed via email to all UK training programmes.

Results: The survey was completed by 149 trainee radiologists with at least one response from all UK training programmes.

Identification of an Activating PDGFRA Deletion in a Novel Sinonasal Soft Tissue Neoplasm.

Background: Spindle cell tumours in the sinonasal area are diagnostically challenging. We identified a neoplasm that defied histopathological classification using current criteria.

Methods: The case was subjected to histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular analysis using a large small variant DNA panel.

Cost effectiveness analysis of the East of England stroke telemedicine service.

Introduction: Stroke is the fourth single leading cause of death in the UK with more than 100,000 people diagnosed with stroke annually. Timely access to urgent care and treatments, such as thrombolysis, is crucial for survival and recovery but there are national variations in care access.

Materials And Methods: We explore the cost-effectiveness of an integrated telemedicine service for rapid access to stroke Consultant support in the East of England acute stroke care pathway compared to usual care during out-of-hour periods.

The effect of procedural time on dysplasia detection rate during endoscopic surveillance of Barrett's esophagus.

BACKGROUND : Endoscopic surveillance of Barrett's esophagus (BE) with Seattle protocol biopsies is time-consuming and inadequately performed in routine practice. There is no recommended procedural time for BE surveillance. We investigated the duration of surveillance procedures with adequate tissue sampling and effect on dysplasia detection rate (DDR).

Successful management of an unstable paediatric laryngeal injury in a low-resource setting.

Laryngeal injury is rare but has a very high mortality rate. Compared to adults, laryngeal injury in children is more uncommon due to both behavioural and anatomical reasons. Severe laryngeal injury may require surgical repair, intensive care support and tracheostomy care, all of which are difficult to achieve in a low resource setting.

The origins and molecular evolution of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in the UK.

The first SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern (VOC) to be designated was lineage B.1.1.

Pathology of neoadjuvant therapy and immunotherapy testing for breast cancer.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has become the standard of care for high-risk breast cancer, including triple-negative (TNBC) and HER2-positive disease. As a result, handling and reporting of breast specimens post-NACT is part of routine practice, and it is important for pathologists to recognise the changes in tumour cells, tumour-associated stroma and background breast tissue induced by NACT. Familiarity with characteristic stromal features enables identification of the pre-treatment tumour site and allows confident diagnosis of pathological complete response (pCR) which is important for decisions concerning adjuvant therapy.

What are the outcomes of dietary interventions in Heart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: To determine the efficacy of dietary interventions in Heart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF).

Method And Results: Keyword searches were performed in five bibliographic databases to identify randomized or controlled studies of dietary interventions conducted in HFpEF or mixed heart failure (HF) samples published in the English language. Studies were appraised for bias and synthesized into seven categories based on the similarity of the intervention or targeted population.

Neurocognitive correlates of probable posttraumatic stress disorder following traumatic brain injury.

Introduction: Neurocognitive problems associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can interact with impairment resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Research Question: We aimed to identify neurocognitive problems associated with probable PTSD following TBI in a civilian sample.

Material And Methods: The study is part of the CENTER-TBI project (Collaborative European Neurotrauma Effectiveness Research) that aims to better characterize TBI.

Beyond N Staging in Breast Cancer: Importance of MRI and Ultrasound-based Imaging.

The correct N-staging in breast cancer is crucial to tailor treatment and stratify the prognosis. N-staging is based on the number and the localization of suspicious regional nodes on physical examination and/or imaging. Since clinical examination of the axillary cavity is associated with a high false negative rate, imaging modalities play a central role.

Immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and increased risk of B cell malignancy in humans with mutations.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) is a central regulator of immunity. TRAF3 is often somatically mutated in B cell malignancies, but its role in human immunity is not defined. Here, in five unrelated families, we describe an immune dysregulation syndrome of recurrent bacterial infections, autoimmunity, systemic inflammation, B cell lymphoproliferation, and hypergammaglobulinemia.

Succinate dehydrogenase and MYC-associated factor X mutations in pituitary neuroendocrine tumours.

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs) associated with paragangliomas or phaeochromocytomas are rare. SDHx variants are estimated to be associated with 0.3-1.

Assessment of orthodontic borderline treatment need: A comparison of two aesthetic indices.

Objective: To compare a new "guide for borderline orthodontic need" (GBON) with the "aesthetic component" (AC) of the IOTN in assessing borderline cases (dental health component DHC 3), and to compare reliability and opinions of orthodontists on the use of each index.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional population descriptive study. Ninety-four qualified orthodontists assessed 30 borderline malocclusions according to the GBON and AC indices and completed a questionnaire.

Early Postnatal Use of Glibenclamide in Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Secondary to Antenatally Diagnosed KJCN11 Mutation.

Introduction: Heterozygous activating mutations in KCNJ11 cause both permanent and transient neonatal diabetes. A minority of patients also have neurological features. Early genetic diagnosis has important therapeutic implications as treatment with sulfonylurea provides good metabolic control and exerts a protective effect on neuromuscular function.

What dietary interventions have been tested in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction? A systematic scoping review.

Aims: To determine what dietary interventions have been tested in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the modulation method, and outcomes employed and to summarize any evidence for benefit.

Methods And Results: We performed key word searches in five bibliographic databases from 2001 to 2021, to identify randomized or experimental dietary interventions tested in HFpEF or mixed heart failure (HF) samples. Study characteristics were summarized according to population, intervention, comparator, outcome categories and intervention complexity was assessed.

Standardizing Cranioplasty Outcomes Following Stroke or Traumatic Brain Injury: Protocol for the Development of a Core Outcome Set.

Background: Core outcome sets (COSs) are important and necessary as they help standardize reporting in research studies. Cranioplasty following traumatic brain injury (TBI) or stroke is becoming increasingly common, leading to an ever-growing clinical and research interest, especially regarding the optimal material, cost-effectiveness, and timing of cranioplasty concerning neurological recovery and complications. Consequently, heterogeneous reporting of outcomes from such diverse studies has led to limited meta-analysis ability and an ongoing risk of outcome reporting bias.