Successful management of an unstable paediatric laryngeal injury in a low-resource setting.

Laryngeal injury is rare but has a very high mortality rate. Compared to adults, laryngeal injury in children is more uncommon due to both behavioural and anatomical reasons. Severe laryngeal injury may require surgical repair, intensive care support and tracheostomy care, all of which are difficult to achieve in a low resource setting.

Evaluation of changes to work patterns in multidisciplinary cancer team meetings due to the COVID-19 pandemic: A national mixed-method survey study.

Background: It is not well understood the overall changes that multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) have had to make in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, nor the impact that such changes, in addition to the other challenges faced by MDTs, have had on decision-making, communication, or participation in the context of MDT meetings specifically.

Methods: This was a mixed method, prospective cross-sectional survey study taking place in the United Kingdom between September 2020 and August 2021.

Results: The participants were 423 MDT members.

The origins and molecular evolution of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in the UK.

The first SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern (VOC) to be designated was lineage B.1.1.

Pathology of neoadjuvant therapy and immunotherapy testing for breast cancer.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has become the standard of care for high-risk breast cancer, including triple-negative (TNBC) and HER2-positive disease. As a result, handling and reporting of breast specimens post-NACT is part of routine practice, and it is important for pathologists to recognise the changes in tumour cells, tumour-associated stroma and background breast tissue induced by NACT. Familiarity with characteristic stromal features enables identification of the pre-treatment tumour site and allows confident diagnosis of pathological complete response (pCR) which is important for decisions concerning adjuvant therapy.

What are the outcomes of dietary interventions in Heart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: To determine the efficacy of dietary interventions in Heart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF).

Method And Results: Keyword searches were performed in five bibliographic databases to identify randomized or controlled studies of dietary interventions conducted in HFpEF or mixed heart failure (HF) samples published in the English language. Studies were appraised for bias and synthesized into seven categories based on the similarity of the intervention or targeted population.

Radiological predictors of shunt response in the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Patients with the dementia subtype idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) may improve clinically following cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion (shunt) surgery, though the predictors of shunt response remain debated. Currently, radiological features play an important role in the diagnosis of iNPH, but it is not well established which radiological markers most precisely predict shunt responsive iNPH.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify radiological predictors of shunt responsiveness, evaluate their diagnostic effectiveness, and recommend the most predictive radiological features.

Neurocognitive correlates of probable posttraumatic stress disorder following traumatic brain injury.

Introduction: Neurocognitive problems associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can interact with impairment resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Research Question: We aimed to identify neurocognitive problems associated with probable PTSD following TBI in a civilian sample.

Material And Methods: The study is part of the CENTER-TBI project (Collaborative European Neurotrauma Effectiveness Research) that aims to better characterize TBI.

Beyond N Staging in Breast Cancer: Importance of MRI and Ultrasound-based Imaging.

The correct N-staging in breast cancer is crucial to tailor treatment and stratify the prognosis. N-staging is based on the number and the localization of suspicious regional nodes on physical examination and/or imaging. Since clinical examination of the axillary cavity is associated with a high false negative rate, imaging modalities play a central role.

Cancer multidisciplinary team meetings: impact of logistical challenges on communication and decision-making.

Background: Multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) are widely used in cancer care. Recent research points to logistical challenges impeding MDT decision-making and dissatisfaction among members. This study sought to identify different types of logistical issues and how they impacted team processes.

Immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and increased risk of B cell malignancy in humans with mutations.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) is a central regulator of immunity. TRAF3 is often somatically mutated in B cell malignancies, but its role in human immunity is not defined. Here, in five unrelated families, we describe an immune dysregulation syndrome of recurrent bacterial infections, autoimmunity, systemic inflammation, B cell lymphoproliferation, and hypergammaglobulinemia.

Succinate dehydrogenase and MYC-associated factor X mutations in pituitary neuroendocrine tumours.

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs) associated with paragangliomas or phaeochromocytomas are rare. SDHx variants are estimated to be associated with 0.3-1.

The engagement of orthopaedic surgeons in diabetic foot care in England.

Aims: Diabetic foot care is a significant burden on the NHS in England. We have conducted a nationwide survey to determine the current participation of orthopaedic surgeons in diabetic foot care in England.

Methods: A questionnaire was sent to all 136 NHS trusts audited in the 2018 National Diabetic Foot Audit (NDFA).

Assessment of orthodontic borderline treatment need: A comparison of two aesthetic indices.

Objective: To compare a new "guide for borderline orthodontic need" (GBON) with the "aesthetic component" (AC) of the IOTN in assessing borderline cases (dental health component DHC 3), and to compare reliability and opinions of orthodontists on the use of each index.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional population descriptive study. Ninety-four qualified orthodontists assessed 30 borderline malocclusions according to the GBON and AC indices and completed a questionnaire.

Early Postnatal Use of Glibenclamide in Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Secondary to Antenatally Diagnosed KJCN11 Mutation.

Introduction: Heterozygous activating mutations in KCNJ11 cause both permanent and transient neonatal diabetes. A minority of patients also have neurological features. Early genetic diagnosis has important therapeutic implications as treatment with sulfonylurea provides good metabolic control and exerts a protective effect on neuromuscular function.

What dietary interventions have been tested in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction? A systematic scoping review.

Aims: To determine what dietary interventions have been tested in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the modulation method, and outcomes employed and to summarize any evidence for benefit.

Methods And Results: We performed key word searches in five bibliographic databases from 2001 to 2021, to identify randomized or experimental dietary interventions tested in HFpEF or mixed heart failure (HF) samples. Study characteristics were summarized according to population, intervention, comparator, outcome categories and intervention complexity was assessed.

Standardizing Cranioplasty Outcomes Following Stroke or Traumatic Brain Injury: Protocol for the Development of a Core Outcome Set.

Background: Core outcome sets (COSs) are important and necessary as they help standardize reporting in research studies. Cranioplasty following traumatic brain injury (TBI) or stroke is becoming increasingly common, leading to an ever-growing clinical and research interest, especially regarding the optimal material, cost-effectiveness, and timing of cranioplasty concerning neurological recovery and complications. Consequently, heterogeneous reporting of outcomes from such diverse studies has led to limited meta-analysis ability and an ongoing risk of outcome reporting bias.

Health care utilization and outcomes in older adults after Traumatic Brain Injury: A CENTER-TBI study.

Introduction: The incidence of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is increasingly common in older adults aged ≥65 years, forming a growing public health problem. However, older adults are underrepresented in TBI research. Therefore, we aimed to provide an overview of health-care utilization, and of six-month outcomes after TBI and their determinants in older adults who sustained a TBI.

Kyoto international consensus report on anatomy, pathophysiology and clinical significance of the gastro-oesophageal junction.

Objective: An international meeting was organised to develop consensus on (1) the landmarks to define the gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ), (2) the occurrence and pathophysiological significance of the cardiac gland, (3) the definition of the gastro-oesophageal junctional zone (GOJZ) and (4) the causes of inflammation, metaplasia and neoplasia occurring in the GOJZ.

Design: Clinical questions relevant to the afore-mentioned major issues were drafted for which expert panels formulated relevant statements and textural explanations.A Delphi method using an anonymous system was employed to develop the consensus, the level of which was predefined as ≥80% of agreement.