3,583 results match your criteria: "Cambridge Health Alliance; Harvard Medical School; and Public Citizen Health Research Group[Affiliation]"
Background: For female patients with Lynch syndrome (LS), endometrial cancer (EC) is often their first cancer diagnosis. A testing pathway of somatic tumour testing triage followed by germline mismatch repair (MMR) gene testing is an effective way of identifying the estimated 3% of EC caused by LS.
Methods: A retrospective national population-based observational study was conducted using comprehensive national data collections of functional, somatic and germline MMR tests available via the English National Cancer Registration Dataset.
Economic inequalities in adolescents' internalising symptoms: longitudinal evidence from eight countries.
Lancet Psychiatry
November 2024
MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK; Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.
Background: Research, mainly conducted in Europe and North America, has shown an inequitable burden of internalising mental health problems among adolescents from poorer households. We investigated whether these mental health inequalities differ across a diverse range of countries and multiple measures of economic circumstances.
Methods: In this longitudinal observational cohort study, we analysed data from studies conducted in eight countries (Australia, Ethiopia, India, Mexico, Peru, South Africa, the UK, and Viet Nam) across five global regions.
Global health 2050: the path to halving premature death by mid-century.
Lancet
October 2024
Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Electronic address:
Prescribing GLP-1 Agonists for Weight Loss: Wrestling With Our Philosophical Angst.
Am Fam Physician
October 2024
Tufts Family Medicine Residency Program at Cambridge Health Alliance, Malden, Massachusetts.
Mpox: Neglect has led to a more dangerous virus now spreading across borders, harming and killing people. Leaders must take action to stop mpox now.
PLOS Glob Public Health
October 2024
Former Prime Minister of New Zealand, Member of The Elders, Co-Chair of The Independent Panel, Auckland, New Zealand.
Benzodiazepine Utilization in Ischemic Stroke Survivors: Analyzing Initial Excess Supply and Longitudinal Trends.
Stroke
November 2024
Department of Neurology (V.L.T., J.D.B., M.A.D., L.M.V.R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.
Article Synopsis
- Benzodiazepines are often prescribed to older patients after an acute ischemic stroke, despite guidelines advising against this for those aged 65 and over.
- An analysis of Medicare claims from 2013 to 2021 showed that 4.9% of stroke survivors started benzodiazepine treatment, with higher initiation rates among females and in the southeastern US.
- Although there was a slight decline in new prescriptions over the years, many patients received overly long prescriptions, indicating a need for better prescribing policies.
Age of Emergence of Disparities in Asthma Prevalence and Morbidity among US Children.
Ann Am Thorac Soc
October 2024
City University of New York at Hunter College, New York, United States.
Article Synopsis
- Early-life exposures can increase asthma risk, but their role in racial and socioeconomic disparities in asthma is not fully understood.
- The study analyzes data from three surveys to assess how asthma prevalence, diagnosis age, and hospitalization rates differ based on race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status among US children.
- Results indicate that Black children experience higher asthma prevalence and hospitalization rates early in life compared to White children, though disparities in prevalence decrease as children age, particularly in adolescence.
Impact of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in Catalysis.
ACS Nano
October 2024
Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany.
Catalysis stands as an indispensable cornerstone of modern society, underpinning the production of over 80% of manufactured goods and driving over 90% of industrial chemical processes. As the demand for more efficient and sustainable processes grows, better catalysts are needed. Understanding the working principles of catalysts is key, and over the last 50 years, surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) has become essential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhysical therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease treated with Deep Brain Stimulation: a Delphi panel study.
medRxiv
September 2024
"Aldo Ravelli" Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) offers motor benefits for Parkinson's disease patients, but its effectiveness on postural and gait issues remains uncertain.
- Physical therapy (PT) has shown effectiveness in improving mobility and stability in non-surgically treated Parkinson's patients, but its role after STN-DBS is less explored.
- A study involving 21 experts highlighted that while PT could enhance motor function and quality of life post-STN-DBS, there’s a preference for conventional therapies over massage or manual techniques.
Estimating the impact of vaccination: lessons learned in the first phase of the Vaccine Impact Modelling Consortium.
Gates Open Res
October 2024
Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, England, UK.
Estimates of the global health impact of immunisation are important for quantifying historical benefits as well as planning future investments and strategy. The Vaccine Impact Modelling Consortium (VIMC) was established in 2016 to provide reliable estimates of the health impact of immunisation. In this article we examine the consortium in its first five-year phase.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInteractive effects of genetic liability and combat exposure on risk of alcohol use disorder among US service members.
Drug Alcohol Depend
November 2024
Department of Management, Darla Moore School of Business, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Background: An improved understanding of pathways to alcohol use disorder (AUD) among service members may inform efforts to reduce the substantial impact of AUD on this population. This study examined whether the relationship between a service-related risk factor (combat exposure) and later AUD varied based on individual differences in genetic liability to AUD.
Methods: The sample consisted of 1203 US Army soldiers of genetically determined European ancestry who provided survey and genomic data in the Army STARRS Pre/Post Deployment Study (PPDS; 2012-2014) and follow-up survey data in wave 1 of the STARRS Longitudinal Study (2016-2018).
Advancing stem cell technologies for conservation of wildlife biodiversity.
Development
October 2024
Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK.
Article Synopsis
- Wildlife biodiversity helps keep ecosystems healthy and strong.
- Scientists study this diversity to learn more about life and how it started.
- Due to the rapid loss of various species, immediate action is needed from conservationists, and new techniques like stem cell technologies could help protect animal diversity.
A call to action to scale up research and clinical genomic data sharing.
Nat Rev Genet
October 2024
Genomics England, London, UK.
Article Synopsis
- Scientists are collecting a lot of genetic information from many people around the world to help improve medicine and health care for everyone.
- To make the most out of this data, we need to work together and make it easier to share it safely and fairly.
- The article talks about ways to get better at sharing this data, including using new technology and engaging with communities, and suggests 12 important steps we can all take to make this happen.
Reply to Comments on Health Care Access and COVID-19 Vaccination in the United States.
Med Care
December 2024
Department of Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA.
Association between positive affect, flourishing, quality of life, and psychological distress in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
J Psychosoc Oncol
October 2024
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates how positive psychological well-being (PPWB) relates to mood and quality of life in people who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), using data from 158 recipients.
- - Results indicate that older age, greater social support, and certain health conditions correspond with higher PPWB levels, which are linked to improved quality of life and reduced symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression.
- - The researchers suggest that future studies should explore these associations over time to better understand how PPWB affects HSCT recovery and to develop targeted interventions for improving patient outcomes.
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for the delivery of bioactives sourced from plants: part I - composition and production methods.
Expert Opin Drug Deliv
October 2024
Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Introduction: Nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in the pharmaceutical field to treat various human disorders. Among these, lipid-based NPs (LNPs), including solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), are favored for drug/bioactive delivery due to their high stability, biocompatibility, encapsulation efficiency, and sustained/controlled release. These properties make them particularly suitable as carriers of compounds derived from plant sources.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReplacing sedentary time with sleep and physical activity: associations with physical function and wellbeing in Type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract
November 2024
Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, UK and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, UK; Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how replacing sedentary behavior with sleep or physical activity affects physical function and overall wellbeing in adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).
- The research included 808 adults and used accelerometry to track their 24-hour activity behaviors, employing isotemporal substitution to analyze the potential outcomes of these behavior changes.
- Findings suggest that substituting sedentary time with sleep or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity can improve physical function metrics and reduce feelings of depression and diabetes-related distress.
Metaproteogenomics resolution of a high-CO aquifer community reveals a complex cellular adaptation of groundwater Gracilibacteria to a host-dependent lifestyle.
Microbiome
October 2024
Environmental Metagenomics, Faculty of Chemistry, Research Center One Health of the University Alliance Ruhr, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45151, Essen, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Gracilibacteria are a group of bacteria that are part of the candidate phyla radiation (CPR), characterized by small size and incomplete metabolic pathways, indicating a potential symbiotic lifestyle, and their roles in ecosystems, especially in groundwater, are still largely unknown.
- The study utilized metagenomic and metaproteomic analyses over a 12-day period at a cold-water geyser in Germany to observe the activity and genetic expression of Gracilibacteria, identifying multiple genomes and their interactions with other microbial communities.
- The findings revealed that Gracilibacteria possess genomic traits suggesting limited metabolic functions and a reliance on host organisms for survival, as indicated by a high number of genes related to cell interaction and motility.
Article Synopsis
- * Recent efforts to stop smoking haven't been put into action yet, and it’s important to see what could happen if smoking rates stay the same or improve.
- * Researchers used models to predict health outcomes by 2050 based on different scenarios of smoking rates, showing that cutting smoking could greatly improve health and life expectancy.
A call from patient-researchers to advance research on long COVID.
Cell
October 2024
Patient-Led Research Collaborative, Washington, DC, USA.
Article Synopsis
- - Long COVID is a long-lasting illness that can cause significant health issues over time.
- - While there has been some improvement in understanding long COVID, there are currently no approved treatments available.
- - Engaging patients as active partners in research can help close the gap between patients and researchers, speeding up the development of effective treatments and cures.
Natriuretic Peptides, Kidney Function, and Clinical Outcomes in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.
JACC Heart Fail
August 2024
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptides (NT-proBNPs) are important biomarkers for evaluating heart failure risk, but their levels can be misleading in patients with chronic kidney disease due to the kidney’s impact on eGFR.
- This study aimed to analyze the relationship between NT-proBNP levels and cardiovascular outcomes, specifically hospitalizations and deaths, in heart failure patients with varying kidney function.
- In a large cohort of over 14,000 patients, the results indicated that NT-proBNP levels significantly increased with lower eGFR levels, and every doubling of NT-proBNP was linked to a 37% higher risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
The case for eliminating excessive worry as a requirement for generalized anxiety disorder: a cross-national investigation.
Psychol Med
October 2024
Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Article Synopsis
- A large-scale, cross-national study examined the impact of removing the "excessiveness" requirement for diagnosing generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) among individuals living in challenging circumstances.
- Data from over 133,000 adults across various income countries revealed that eliminating this criterion raises the global prevalence of GAD from 2.6% to 4.0%, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
- Non-excessive worriers, while less severe, exhibit similar socio-demographic traits and impairment levels as excessive worriers, indicating they are significant cases deserving diagnosis and treatment.
The tyranny of non-inferiority trials.
Lancet Oncol
October 2024
Optimal Cancer Care Alliance, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research, Charles S Kettles VA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Division of Oncology and Lung Precision Oncology Program, University of Michigan Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center, Institute for Health Policy and Innovation, and Center for Global Health Equity, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Current treatment options are limited by the expectation that alternative therapies must be proven "non-inferior" to existing ones, making trials expensive and complex.
- Non-inferiority trials often overlook important factors like variability in treatment outcomes and place excessive burdens of proof on alternatives, especially in terms of toxicity and cost.
- The authors suggest moving away from labeling trials as superiority or non-inferiority, advocating instead for a simpler description of trials as "comparative" to promote better patient-centered treatment options.
Improving National and International Surveillance of Movement Behaviours in Childhood and Adolescence: An International Modified Delphi Study.
Sports Med
October 2024
Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance, Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research, Ottawa, Canada.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to improve global surveillance of child and adolescent movement behaviors (like physical activity and screen time) by gathering expert opinions through a Delphi method involving 62 participants.
- Experts ranked important items in categories like funding, capacity building, and methods, with a consensus on key priorities such as increased public funding and standard protocols for measures.
- The findings highlighted common priorities across different income countries and initiatives, but there was no agreement on the use of private funding for surveillance.
Do sperm factors influence embryonic aneuploidy? Long live the oocyte.
Hum Reprod
November 2024
Boston IVF, IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, Waltham, MA, USA.
Study Question: What is the impact of male age- and sperm-related factors on embryonic aneuploidy?
Summary Answer: Using a 3-fold analysis framework encompassing patient-level, embryo-level, and matching analysis, we found no clinically significant interactions between male age and sperm quality with embryo ploidy.
What Is Known Already: While the effect of maternal age on embryo chromosomal aneuploidy is well-established, the impact of male age and sperm quality on ploidy is less well-defined.
Study Design, Size, Duration: This retrospective cohort study analyzed autologous preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) and frozen embryo transfer cycles from December 2014 to June 2021.