Capturing and Explaining Sensory Differences among Organically Grown Vegetable-Soybean Varieties Grown in Northern California.

Vegetable soybean (VS), known as edamame, is appreciated for its robust flavor and exceptional nutrient content. Although the United States is one of the world's leading producers of soy, only a fraction is harvested as edamame. Research involving varietal differences is very limited, particularly among U.

Enhancing the Cancer Cell Growth Inhibitory Effects of Table Grape Anthocyanins.

Unlabelled: The risk for breast and colon cancer may be lowered in part by high intake of fruits and vegetables. Fruits such as grapes are abundant in bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins. The potential anticancer activity of anthocyanins may be limited by their metabolism in the gut and liver.

The Impact of the Roast Levels of Coffee Extracts on their Potential Anticancer Activities.

Unlabelled: Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world and contains numerous phytochemicals that are beneficial to consumer health. The phytochemical profile of coffee, however, can be affected by the roast level. In this study, we compared the effect of roasting level on the growth inhibitory activity of HT-29 (colon) and SCC-25 (oral) cancer cell lines.

Improving the Sun Drying of Apricots (Prunus armeniaca) with Photo-Selective Dryer Cabinet Materials.

Photo-selective materials have been studied for their effects on the preharvest quality of horticultural crops, but little work has been done on potential postharvest processing effects. The aim of this work was to characterize the effects of 5 different photo-selective acrylic materials (used as the lid to a single-layer sun drying cabinet) on the drying rate and quality of apricots (Prunus armeniaca). Photo-selective cabinet materials that transmit light in the visible portion of the solar spectrum accelerate the apricots' drying rate in both the early period of drying and the course of drying as a whole.

Effect of Hops Beta Acids on the Survival of Unstressed- or Acid-Stress-Adapted-Listeria Monocytogenes and on the Quality and Sensory Attributes of Commercially Cured Ham Slices.

This study evaluated the antilisterial activity of hops beta acids (HBA) and their impact on the quality and sensory attributes of ham. Commercially cured ham slices were inoculated with unstressed- and acid-stress-adapted (ASA)-L. monocytogenes (2.

Genetically Modified (GM) Foods and Ethical Eating.

The ability to manipulate and customize the genetic code of living organisms has brought forth the production of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and consumption of genetically modified (GM) foods. The potential for GM foods to improve the efficiency of food production, increase customer satisfaction, and provide potential health benefits has contributed to the rapid incorporation of GM foods into the American diet. However, GM foods and GMOs are also a topic of ethical debate.

Novel materials enable a low-cost temperature-light gradient incubator for microbial studies.

We describe the construction of temperature-light gradient incubator with a novel material: a thermally-conductive graphite foam that is lightweight, chemically resistant, economically competitive with metal, and much cheaper to fabricate. We combined this material with a variable-intensity LED light array to construct a low-cost light-temperature gradient incubator, and demonstrate its use for studies of microbial growth, enrichment, and isolation.

Functional overload in ground squirrel plantaris muscle fails to induce myosin isoform shifts.

We performed 2 wk of mechanical overload by synergist ablation on plantaris muscles from a small rodent hibernator, Spermophilus lateralis. While this muscle displays prominent myosin heavy-chain (MyHC) isoform shifts during hibernation, sensitivity to mechanical loading as a stimulus for muscle mass and isoform plasticity has not been demonstrated. Squirrel muscles, whether during hibernation or not, potentially are less sensitive to mechanical unloading, but we hypothesized that increased loading would produce the typical mammalian response of greater plantaris mass and MyHC shifts.

Effect of hydration state on resistance exercise-induced endocrine markers of anabolism, catabolism, and metabolism.

Hypohydration (decreased total body water) exacerbates the catabolic hormonal response to endurance exercise with unclear effects on anabolic hormones. Limited research exists that evaluates the effect of hypohydration on endocrine responses to resistance exercise; this work merits attention as the acute postexercise hormonal environment potently modulates resistance training adaptations. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of hydration state on the endocrine and metabolic responses to resistance exercise.

Learning in multilevel games with incomplete information. I.

A model is presented of learning automata playing stochastic games at two levels. The high level represents the choice of the game environment and corresponds to a group decision. The low level represents the choice of action within the selected game environment.

Design of an enhanced hybrid fuzzy P+ID controller for a mechanical manipulator.

We propose in this paper an enhanced fuzzy P+ID controller to improve control performance in both dynamic transient and steady-state periods for mechanical manipulators under uncertainty. The fuzzy P+ID controller adds only two additional parameters to be tuned relative to the original PID controller. One of these parameters is mainly used to reduce a steady-state error.

A DNA-based pattern recognition technique for cancer detection.

The proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) technique (also known as the Karhunen-Loeve transform) has been used as a model reduction tool for many applications in engineering and science. In principle, one begins with an ensemble of data, called snapshots, collected from an experiment or laboratory results. The POD technique is then used to produce a set of basis elements that can span the original snapshot collection using the fewest possible degrees of freedom.

Postural balance indicator and associated feedback compensation system.

Postural balance related disorders not only limit individual mobility but also often result in serious injuries or even death in particular in the elderly. Presented statistical data demonstrates the severity of this growing problem as the population at large is getting older. In addition, the disorders of the vesitibular system, often of idiopathic origin, and related abnormalities affect population across all age groups.

Long-term studies on the effects of nonvolatile organic compounds on porous media surface areas.

This paper investigates the long-term behavior of porous media contaminated by nonvolatile organic compounds (NVOC) in terms of specific interfacial surface area. Specifically, a natural sand, Moffett sand (MS), was contaminated with naphthalene and the surface area was measured repeatedly over time using nitrogen adsorption-desorption techniques. A field-contaminated sand affected by lamp-black material (LB) from former manufactured gas plant operations was also studied.

Kinetics and mechanism of chlorobenzene degradation in aqueous samples using advanced oxidation processes.

Degradation of chlorobenzene using various photoinduced oxidation processes such as direct ultraviolet light-induced photolysis (UV), UV-H2O2, UV-O3, and UV-H2O2-O3 was investigated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Kinetics and mechanisms of the degradation process were studied using high performance liquid chromatorgraphy (HPLC) and gas chromatorgraphy-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In all cases, loss of chlorobenzene followed first-order kinetics.

Reconstructing the 3-D medial axes of coronary arteries in single-view cineangiograms.

Describes a technique for reconstructing the skeletal structure of coronary arteries from a succession of frames of a single-view cineangiogram. The authors use local features in each frame to determine correspondences of arterial segments in successive frames. They define a similarity measure in 2D image space as the change in angular coordinates of corresponding pairs.

A new wideband spread target maximum likelihood estimator for blood velocity estimation. II. Evaluation of estimator with experimental data.

For pt.I see ibid., vol.

A new wideband spread target maximum likelihood estimator for blood velocity estimation. I. Theory.

The derivation and theoretical evaluation of new wideband maximum-likelihood strategies for the estimation of blood velocity using acoustic signals are presented. A model for the received signal from blood scatterers, using a train of short wideband pulses, is described. Evaluation of the autocorrelation of the signal based on this model shows that the magnitude, periodicity, and phase of the autocorrelation are affected by the mean scatterer velocity and the presence of a velocity spread target.

High-tech wheelchairs gain the competitive edge.

Some of the features of ultralight and rigid sports wheelchairs are described, and some of the rationale behind sport wheelchair design is explained. The discussion covers frame design, materials, geometry, locating the center of gravity, ride comfort and durability, the user-wheelchair interface, wheels and casters, alignment, and components.