Comparison of heart rate responses. Water walking versus treadmill walking.

The purpose of this study was to compare heart rate responses to water walking versus treadmill walking to determine whether the responses were of sufficient magnitude to elicit cardiorespiratory training effects. The heart rates of 12 healthy, female college students were measured immediately after walking in waist-deep water and on a treadmill at the same distance, durations, and speeds (2.55, 2.

Enhancing self-perception through bibliotherapy.

Bibliotherapy has been used for generations by professionals in medicine, psychology, counseling, social work, and education. A selected review of the literature is provided to show how bibliotherapy was used in the past and how it is currently employed to implement and facilitate self-identification and to enhance self-perception. Researchers concur that the process of providing pupils with carefully monitored literature will result in positive or negative changes in their self-perception.

MMPI Scales for measuring Eysenck's personality factors.

Four new MMPI Scales were constructed to identify Eysenck's personality factors of psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism as well as a lie score. The scales showed good construct validities against the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and the Friedman Overlap Scales developed from items in the MMPI. The study also supported the construct validity of the Friedman overlap scales.

Determination of the concentration of metals in animal feeds : Cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, nickel, lead, and zinc in dairy cattle feed, manure, and processed manure.

The concentrations of eight metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry for the following related materials: three products obtained by processing cattle manure-a cellulosic material resembling silage (CI), a water soluble protein-rich powder (CII), and a soil amendment product (CIII)-as well as dairy cattle feed rations containing CII and the resultant fresh feces; and the manure composites used to prepare the processed products. The concentrations of these metals generally increased in samples in the order feed, feces, CI, CII, and CIII. The metal concentrations in CI were comparable to literature values for silage; the metals in CII were present at higher concentrations, but not sufficient to limit its use as a feed ingredient.

Sex-roles of ideal opposite sexed persons for college males and females.

Relationships between sex-roles as measured by the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) and the ideal sex-role of persons of the opposite sex as measured by a modified BSRI were investigated for 169 college males and 204 college females. The distributions of sex-roles were different for men and women, as were the distributions of ideal sex-roles of opposite sexed persons. Androgynous (A), feminine (F) and masculine (M) men identified F women as ideal, while undifferentiated (U) men identified U women as ideal.

Electrochemical aging responses in pisum: cellular adaptations or recovery from injury?

Following excision, etiolated epicotyl segments of Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska exhibit a marked hyperpolarization of membrane potential which is followed by a linear accumulation of K(+) when segments are incubated in Higinbotham nutrient solution.

Analysis of Animal Feed Ingredients and Soil Amendment Products Produced from Beef Cattle Manure for Selected Trace Metals Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry.

Beef cattle manures have been converted to a water slurry and subjected to centrifugation, flocculution and drying to produce a silage replacement product (CI), a 20% protein powder from the centrifuge supernatant fluid (CII) and a soil amendment product (CIII). These products and the manure slurry were analyzed for their As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn content by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Different sample mineralization techniques, metal recovery efficiencies and matrix effects were investigated.

Percentage agreement and phi: A conversion table.

STUDIES IN APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS HAVE USED TWO EXPRESSIONS OF RELIABILITY FOR HUMAN OBSERVATIONS: percentage agreement (including percentage occurrence and percentage nonoccurrence agreement) and correlational techniques (including the phi coefficient). The formal relationship between these two expressions is demonstrated, and a table for converting percentage agreement to phi, or vice-versa, is presented. It is suggested that both expressions be reported in order to communicate reliability unambiguously and to facilitate comparison of the reliabilities from different studies.

Relative Risk Ratios of Foodborne Illness in Foodservice Establishments: An Aid in Deployment of Environmental Health Manpower.

By using "relative risk ratios", various types of foodservice establishments were shown to pose significantly different risks of food poisoning. This implies that there is no solid basis for the traditional belief that all foodservice establishments must be inspected a given number of times.

Social Roles and Information Utilization in Parole Decision-Making.

Preparole evaluations conducted by prison caseworkers were compared with board action and parole outcome on 421 cases heard by the California Adult Authority during 1968-1969. These two groups of decision-makers emphasized different considerations in performing their tasks, with board members focusing primarily on the seriousness of the most recent offense and caseworkers weighting recidivism-related variables. Furthermore, board decisions were unrelated to subsequent parole performance, and a weak relationship was seen between self-reported and actual utilization of offender case information by board members.

Taking a closer look: time sampling and measurement error.

A person manufactured his in-seat behavior for 15, 30-min sessions so that there were three blocks of five sessions where the behavior occurred 20%, 50%, and 80% of the time. Whole interval, partial interval, and momentary time-sample measures of the behavior were taken and compared to the continuous measure of the behavior i.e.

Subjective ratings of Cattell's 16 Personality Factors.

The Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire (16PF) was administered to 69 subjects. Each subject was asked to rate himself on the 16 personality factors on the 16PF. The 16PF scores and the self-ratings were compared by canonical analysis.

Developing positive social-emotional behaviors: a study of training and generalization effects.

Four handicapped children were taught four positive social-emotional behaviors: smiling, sharing, positive physical contacting, and verbal complimenting, using instructions, modelling, and praise. Rates of these behaviors were shown to increase in four trained subjects using a within-subject multiple-baseline experimental design. The generality of the behavior change was investigated by integrating three untrained subjects with the trained subjects in a setting free of adult-imposed contingencies and through a series of follow-up observations.

The use of representational prompts in aphasia therapy.

The uses of representational prompts, which have received little specific attention in the literature of aphasia therapy, are discussed in this paper. A representational prompt is one that represents the concept pinpointed in the naming or matching response the prompt is intended to help elicit. It may fall into either of two major categories: symbolic, as in the form of a written word or realistic, as in the form of an object or picture.

An evaluation of time-sample measures of behavior.

Continuous and time-sample measures of the in-seat behavior of a secretary were obtained. Measurement error, i.e.

Peer behavior conceptualized as a variable influencing infant and toddler development.

It is hypothesized that interaction between infants may serve to facilitate their overall behavioral development, particularly if the environment is structured to maximize the developmental quality of the interaction. The developmental literature, which has largely ignorned the potential value of infant peer interaction is reviewed, and several lines of psychological theory and investigation are cited in support of the hypothesis. Development of a technology for enhancing infant interaction is proposed, and initial research questions are suggested.

Six homosexual siblings.

A family consisting of several homosexual siblings is reported. All ten of the siblings in this family were to some degree homosexually experienced. Six were homosexual or predominantly homosexual, and five had a homosexual identity.

Modification of the Period of a Noncircadian Rhythm in Nectria cinnabarina.

The sporulation rhythm in Nectria cinnabarina Tode ex Fr. is expressed by either concentric rings or spirals. The period is inversely proportional to the temperature and does not approach 24 hours; the rhythm is therefore noncircadian.

Measure-theoretic properties of arbitrary point sets.

Consider an arbitary point set S on the real number line or in Euclidean n-space (the limitation to Euclidean space is unessential). The set S has an interior Lebesgue measure m(i)(S) and an exterior Lebesgue measure m(e)(S). There are the following well known inequalities for two disjoint sets S(1) and S(2): m(i)(S(1)US(2)) [unk] m(i)(S(1)) + m(i)(S(2)), m(e)(S(1)US(2)) View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Senescense: association of synthesis of Acid phosphatase with banana ripening.

During ripening of banana (Musa sapientum L., var. Gros Michel or Valery) acid phosphatase activity increases 13-to 26-fold in the precipitate and 2- to 4-fold in the supernatant fraction of tissue homogenates.

The relative effectiveness of four cardio-respiratory conditioning programs.

This study was to determine the relative effectiveness of four different cardio-respiratory conditioning programs. Two-hundred and twenty-seven healthy male college students participated. All subjects practiced similar programs of general circuit weight training exercises, in addition to the cardiorespiratory exercise regimens.

Fertilization in fucus.

Methods are described for the collection, treatment and uniform discharge of large quantities of gametes, and a measure of fertilization control in the monoecious brown alga, Fucus distichus. Fertilization was examined using the techniques of blister-formation, gamete separation experiments, and electron microscopy. Sperm enter the freshly-discharged egg packets through a mesochite pore and juxtaposition with the eggs early.

Comparative studies of effect of auxin and ethylene on permeability and synthesis of RNA and protein.

The effects of ethylene on permeability and RNA and protein synthesis were assayed over a 6 to 26 hr period in tissue sections from avocado (Persea gratissima Gaertn. F., var.