Implicit bias in the patient descriptor "homeless" and its association with emergency department opioid administration and disposition.

Background: Biased language in provider documentation of marginalized patient populations has been shown to negatively influence patient management. There has been debate over the use of "homeless" as a descriptor of people experiencing homelessness (PEH), as it is a potentially biased term with negative connotations. This study explores the relationship between the use of the word "homeless" in Emergency Department (ED) provider documentation and admission rates, as well as intravenous (IV) vs.

Abalones at risk: A global Red List assessment of Haliotis in a changing climate.

There is increasing awareness that marine invertebrates such as abalones are at risk from the combined stressors of fishing and climate change. Abalones are an important marine fishery resource and of cultural importance to Indigenous and non-Indigenous people. A highly priced marine delicacy, they are inherently vulnerable: individuals are slow-growing and long-lived and successful reproduction requires dense assemblages.

Water, Solute, and Ion Transport in De Novo-Designed Membrane Protein Channels.

Biological organisms engineer peptide sequences to fold into membrane pore proteins capable of performing a wide variety of transport functions. Synthetic de novo-designed membrane pores can mimic this approach to achieve a potentially even larger set of functions. Here we explore water, solute, and ion transport in three de novo designed β-barrel membrane channels in the 5-10 Å pore size range.

Home Visits and the Use of Routine and Emergency Postpartum Care Among Low-Income People: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Access to appropriate postpartum care is essential for improving maternal health outcomes and promoting maternal health equity.

Objective: To analyze the impact of the Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) home visiting program on use of routine and emergency postpartum care.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This study was a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial that enrolled eligible participants between 2016 and 2020 to receive NFP or usual care from a South Carolina Medicaid program.

Coherent-Precipitation-Stabilized Phase Formation in Over-Stoichiometric Rocksalt-Type Li Superionic Conductors.

Rationalizing synthetic pathways is crucial for material design and property optimization, especially for polymorphic and metastable phases. Over-stoichiometric rocksalt (ORX) compounds, characterized by their face-sharing configurations, are a promising group of materials with unique properties; however, their development is significantly hindered by challenges in synthesizability. Here, taking the recently identified Li superionic conductor, over-stoichiometric rocksalt Li-In-Sn-O (o-LISO) material as a prototypical ORX compound, the mechanisms of phase formation are systematically investigated.

Phase II trial of blood-brain barrier permeable peptide-paclitaxel conjugate ANG1005 in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma.

Background: This study is a phase II clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeable peptide-paclitaxel conjugate ANG1005 in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma (HGG) (NCT01967810).

Methods: Seventy-three patients were enrolled in 3 separate arms-recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) (Arm 1), bevacizumab refractory GBM (Arm 2), and grade 3 anaplastic gliomas (AGs) (Arm 3). The study was started in October 2013, and the data were locked on September 29, 2017.

The "FitBrain" program: implementing exergaming & dual-task exercise programs in outpatient clinical settings.

Dual-task training and exergaming interventions are increasingly recognized for their potential to enhance cognitive, physical, and mood outcomes among older adults and individuals with neurological conditions. Despite this, clinical and community programs that use these interventions are limited in availability. This paper presents the "FitBrain" program, an outpatient clinical model that combines dual-task and exergaming interventions to promote cognitive and physical health.

COVID-19 highlights the need to improve resilience and equity in managing small-scale fisheries.

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the fragility of global and domestic seafood markets. We examined the main impacts and responses of the small-scale fisheries (SSF) sector, and found that mitigation and preparedness strategies should be prioritised to boost resilience in SSF. We provide five policy options and considerations: (1) improving access to insurance and financial services; (2) strengthening local and regional markets and supporting infrastructure; (3) recognising fisheries as an essential service; (4) integrating disaster risk management into fisheries management systems; and (5) investing in Indigenous and locally-led fisheries management.

Greater recalled pain and movement-evoked pain are associated with longer 400-meter walk and repeat stair climb time: the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging.

Background: Musculoskeletal pain frequently accompanies the development of mobility disability and falls in old age. To better understand this, we aimed to quantify the impact of different pain measures-recalled pain and movement-evoked pain-on 400-meter walk and stair climb time in older adults participating in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA).

Methods: In SOMMA (N=879, age=76.

Ontogenetic feeding shifts in two thresher shark species in the Galapagos Marine Reserve.

Background: The morphology and hunting behavior of thresher sharks make them easily distinguishable. These species are distributed across the Tropical Pacific Ocean feeding on squid and small fish. However, ontogenetic changes in their feeding strategies and habitat use are still unknown in this region.

New evidence confirms the presence of the diamond stingray Hypanus dipterurus (Jordan & Gilbert 1880) in Chile and extends its southern range.

The diamond stingray (Hypanus dipterurus) is a species of cartilaginous fish that, according to the IUCN, is globally in a vulnerable state of conservation and its populations show a decline. New records of this ray species in southern Peru and northern Chile have expanded their known range. The species is distributed in the Eastern Central Pacific, from southern California to San Andres, on the central coast of Peru, but is poorly known in Chile.

Parents' perspectives and behaviors regarding their child's access to alcohol: Variation by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and neighborhood.

Background: Setting rules about alcohol use and minimizing its availability in the home are known effective parent-level strategies for reducing underage drinking risk. However, parents' restrictions and their perceptions of their child's alcohol access have rarely been considered in combination (e.g.

Species diversity in the new lamprey genus Occidentis, formerly classified as western North American 'Lampetra'.

Accurate taxonomy is fundamental to the study and conservation of biodiversity. Because of their morphological similarities, most brook and river lampreys in western North America have been placed in the genus Lampetra along with lampreys from Eurasia and eastern North America. However, molecular-based phylogenetic studies dating back several decades indicate that lampreys from Pacific drainages are genetically distinct from Atlantic Lampetra.

Introducing "Identification Probability" for Automated and Transferable Assessment of Metabolite Identification Confidence in Metabolomics and Related Studies.

Methods for assessing compound identification confidence in metabolomics and related studies have been debated and actively researched for the past two decades. The earliest effort in 2007 focused primarily on mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and resulted in four recommended levels of metabolite identification confidence─the Metabolite Standards Initiative (MSI) Levels. In 2014, the original MSI Levels were expanded to five levels (including two sublevels) to facilitate communication of compound identification confidence in high resolution mass spectrometry studies.

Evolution in Documented Goals of Care at End of Life for Adolescents and Younger Adults With Cancer.

Importance: Little is known about the nature of change in goals of care (GOC) over time among adolescents and younger adult (AYA) patients aged 12 to 39 years with cancer near the end of life. Understanding how GOC evolve may guide clinicians in supporting AYA patients in making end-of-life decisions.

Objective: To assess frequency, timing, and evolution of documented GOC among AYA patients with cancer in the last 90 days of life.

Vascular and Perivascular Role in the Regulation of Angiogenesis: Impact on Arteriovenous Fistula Maturation.

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a surgical connection between an artery and a vein created in patients with end-stage renal disease needing dialysis. A major concern with AVF is maturation failure which results, while creating a new AVF, a troublesome process for the patients. Thus, maturation of AVF is important which is achieved by outflow tract outward remodeling.

Inequities in Access to Mental Health Services Among Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Medicaid Enrollees.

Asian American (AA) and Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) people are often aggregated into a monolithic group, but when they are disaggregated into ethnic groups (e.g., Chinese), inequities can be identified.

Structural variant allelic heterogeneity in MECP2 duplication syndrome provides insight into clinical severity and variability of disease expression.

Background: MECP2 Duplication Syndrome, also known as X-linked intellectual developmental disorder Lubs type (MRXSL; MIM: 300260), is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by copy number gains spanning MECP2. Despite varying genomic rearrangement structures, including duplications and triplications, and a wide range of duplication sizes, no clear correlation exists between DNA rearrangement and clinical features. We had previously demonstrated that up to 38% of MRXSL families are characterized by complex genomic rearrangements (CGRs) of intermediate complexity (2 ≤ copy number variant breakpoints < 5), yet the impact of these genomic structures on regulation of gene expression and phenotypic manifestations have not been investigated.

Incidence, risk factors, and epidemiological trends of tracheal cancer: a global analysis.

Background: Tracheal cancer is a rare malignancy with limited research but high mortality rates. This study aims to analyse recent data to understand the global burden, trends, and risk factors for tracheal cancer, facilitating improved prevention and treatment strategies.

Methods: We conducted a study on tracheal cancer using data from the Global Cancer Observatory and the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents databases.

Biomarkers of cellular senescence and major health outcomes in older adults.

The geroscience hypothesis proposes that underlying biological processes, such as the accumulation of senescent cells, have deleterious effects on multiple tissues and increase the risk of many chronic conditions with aging. Senescent cells produce heterogenous biomarkers, also called senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Circulating concentrations of senescence biomarkers may reflect an underlying burden of senescent cells in various tissues.

Incidence of and Risk Factors for Cutaneous Malignant Neoplasms After Blood or Marrow Transplant.

Importance: Cutaneous malignant neoplasms are the most common subsequent neoplasm after blood or marrow transplant (BMT), but a full assessment among survivors is lacking.

Objective: To identify risk factors for subsequent cutaneous malignant neoplasms using the BMT Survivor Study (BMTSS).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent transplant from 1974 to 2014 at City of Hope, University of Minnesota, or University of Alabama at Birmingham and survived 2 years or longer, as well as a comparison cohort of siblings.

Soil microbiome interventions for carbon sequestration and climate mitigation.

Mitigating climate change in soil ecosystems involves complex plant and microbial processes regulating carbon pools and flows. Here, we advocate for the use of soil microbiome interventions to help increase soil carbon stocks and curb greenhouse gas emissions from managed soils. Direct interventions include the introduction of microbial strains, consortia, phage, and soil transplants, whereas indirect interventions include managing soil conditions or additives to modulate community composition or its activities.

Efficacy and Safety of RelabotulinumtoxinA Liquid Botulinum Toxin in the Treatment of Lateral Canthal Lines: Results From the Phase 3 READY-2 Study.

Background: RelabotulinumtoxinA (RelaBoNT-A) is a complex-free, ready-to-use, liquid botulinum toxin A.

Objective: Efficacy/safety of RelaBoNT-A treatment for lateral canthal lines (LCL).

Methods: Randomized adults received RelaBoNT-A (30 U/side; n = 230) or placebo (n = 73) during a 6-month, double-blind, Ph3 study (Relabotulinumtoxin Aesthetic Development Study-2 [READY-2]).