Chemerin Ratios to HDL-cholesterol and Adiponectin as Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome.

Aims: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) a global problem, which comprises a cardio-metabolic cluster of risk factors, increases the risk for type-2 diabetes (T2DM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). To date, the best laboratory-based biomarker for MetS appears to be high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Chemerin, a novel adipokine is increased in MetS and appears to contribute to both insulin resistance and inflammation.

Neutrophil and monocyte ratios to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and adiponectin as biomarkers of nascent metabolic syndrome.

Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) continues to be a significant problem globally, affecting nearly 35% of adults in the USA. Whilst there is no ideal biomarker that captures this disorder, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) appears to be most widely accepted. We examined the ratios between neutrophils (PMNs) and monocytes to high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and adiponectin, two anti-inflammatory proteins, in patients with nascent MetS without the confounding of diabetes, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), smoking or lipid therapy to determine if they were also valid biomarkers of MetS.

Therapeutic lifestyle change intervention improved metabolic syndrome criteria and is complementary to amlodipine/atorvastatin.

Aims: To examine whether addition of amlodipine (5 mg)/atorvastatin (10 mg) A/A to Therapeutic Lifestyle change intervention (TLC) would beneficially modulate Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) levels.

Methods: Patients with MetS (n = 53) were randomized to TLC + placebo or TLC + A/A for 12 months. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP), lipid profile, plasma Ox-LDL, and area under the curve of free fatty acid (AUC) during oral glucose tolerance test, a marker of adipose tissue health, were assessed before and after the intervention.

Pediatric Bupropion Ingestions in Adolescents vs. Younger Children-a Tale of Two Populations.

Background: Bupropion is a unique class of antidepressant. In overdose, it is associated with tachycardia, altered mental status, and a dose-dependent risk of seizures, which can be delayed. Despite being a common medication, there is a paucity of data comparing toxicity in younger versus older children with bupropion exposures.

Management of diabetic dyslipidemia: An update.

Diabetic dyslipidemia is a cluster of lipoprotein abnormalities characterized by increased triglyceride level, decreased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels and increase in small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. It is extremely common in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) affecting around 70 % of patients. Diabetic is a significant risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) which is the most common cause of death in the United States and LDL-cholesterol is the number 1 predictor of ASCVD events in T2DM.

Fetuin-A is also an adipokine.

Fetuin-A (FetA), which impairs insulin action is considered classically as a hepatokine. In patients with Metabolic Syndrome without the confounding of diabetes or cardiovascular diseases, we showed significant increases in both circulating and subcutaneous adipose tissue secreted Fet-A. Furthermore we showed in mice models increase mRNA and protein following a high fat diet and in a model of metabolic syndrome.

Exploratory metabolomics of nascent metabolic syndrome.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a disorder defined by having three of five features: increased waist circumference (WC), hypertriglyceridemia, decreased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, hypertension and an elevated blood glucose (BG). Metabolic Syndrome ( MetS) affects 35% of American adults and significantly increases risk for Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and type-2 diabetes (T2DM). An understanding of the metabolome will help elucidate the pathogenesis of MetS and lead to better management.

Exploratory lipidomics in patients with nascent Metabolic Syndrome.

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cardio-metabolic cluster that confers an increased risk of developing both diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The mechanisms governing the increased ASCVD risk remains to be elucidated. Moreover, lipidomics poses as an exciting new tool that has potential to shed more light on the pathogenesis of MetS.

The effect of increasing tertiles of waist circumference on cardio-metabolic risk, adipokines and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in nascent metabolic syndrome.

Aims: The effect of waist circumference (WC) on cardio-metabolic features and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation and adipose tissue dysregulation is poorly defined in Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Hence the aim of this study was to examine the effect of increasing tertiles of WC on the cardio metabolic risk profile, pro-oxidant state, pro-inflammatory state and adipose tissue dysregulation in nascent MetS patients (n = 59) without diabetes or CVD.

Methods And Results: None of the main cardio-metabolic features including blood pressure, blood glucose, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, HOMA-IR, and free fatty acids increased with increasing WC tertiles except for hsCRP.

Subcutaneous adipose tissue biology in metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common global problem that comprises the cardio-metabolic cluster and predisposes to both diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Although the pathogenic mechanisms have not been elucidated, both increased inflammation and insulin resistance play a pivotal role. It appears that both monocyte/macrophages and adipose tissue (AT) conspire to accentuate both the pro-inflammatory state and increased insulin resistance.

Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Predicts Mortality and End-Stage Renal Disease in a Canadian Asian Population with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Biomarkers that predict end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and/or mortality could usher in new therapeutics to halt this onslaught. While fibroblast growth factor (FGF)23 can predict both ESRD and mortality, it has not been studied in North American CKD patients of Asian ethnicity.

The effect of increasing body mass index on cardio-metabolic risk and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in nascent metabolic syndrome.

The effect of BMI defined obesity on cardio-metabolic features and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with nascent metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is poorly defined. Hence the aim of this study was to examine the effect of increasing obesity on the cardio metabolic risk profile, pro-oxidant state and pro-inflammatory features in nascent MetS patients without Diabetes or CVD. MetS was diagnosed by ATPIII criteria using waist circumference (WC) as the measure of adiposity.

Review of perioperative pain management of opioid-dependent patients.

Opioid dependence can occur due to prescription opioid use, recreational opioid use, or as a result of opioid use for the treatment of drug addiction. Pain control in these patients is truly a challenge. It is important to understand the patient's condition such as the phenomenon of drug dependence, drug addiction, and pseudoaddiction to provide effective analgesia.

The Clinical Applications of Extended-Release Abuse-Deterrent Opioids.

Opioids are the mainstay for treatment of acute pain and cancer pain, and also have a role in the treatment of chronic non-malignant pain. There has been, however, a growing public health problem stemming from the misuse of opioid analgesics leading to serious consequences. To deter abuse, new formulations of extended-release opioid analgesics and tamper-resistant opioids have recently been developed.

Pain Control in the Presence of Drug Addiction.

Drug addiction is present in a significant proportion of the population in the USA and worldwide. Drug addiction can occur with the abuse of many types of substances including cocaine, marijuana, stimulants, alcohol, opioids, and tranquilizers. There is a high likelihood that clinicians will encounter patients with substance abuse disorders on a regular basis with the prevalence of the use of illicit substances and the high rate of abuse of prescription drugs.