Comparative main effects, mediators, and moderators of cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and emotional awareness and expression therapy for chronic spinal pain: Randomized controlled trial rationale and protocol.

Background: Chronic spinal (back/neck) pain is common and costly. Psychosocial treatments are available but have modest effects. Knowledge of treatment mechanisms (mediators and moderators) can be used to enhance efficacy.

Anesthetic Management and Considerations for Cesarean Delivery in a Patient With Cystic Fibrosis.

Recent advancements in therapeutics and risk reduction in the management of cystic fibrosis have increased the life expectancy of cystic fibrosis patients to the fifth decade of life. As the life expectancy of cystic fibrosis patients has increased, more cystic fibrosis patients have opted to pursue pregnancy. Normal pregnancy is accompanied by physiological changes that affect anesthetic management.

The mind, brain, and body study: A protocol for examining the effects of the gut-brain-immune axis on internalizing symptoms in youth exposed to caregiving-related early adversity.

Experiences of caregiving-related adversity are common and one of the strongest predictors of internalizing psychopathology (i.e., anxiety and depression).

Audiometric Outcomes of Auditory Brainstem Implantation during Vestibular Schwannoma Resection in NF2 Patients.

 Many patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) suffer from sensorineural hearing loss, and associated cochlear nerve compromise in NF2 patients makes auditory brainstem implant (ABI) an attractive treatment option. The long-term outcomes and benefits of the device are still being explored.  A retrospective review was conducted for 11 ABI recipients at a single-institution tertiary center between November 2017 and August 2022.

A CT Radiologic Assessment of the Incidence of Cochlear-Facial Dehiscence and the Thickness of Bone between the Cochlea and Facial Nerve among Normal Temporal Bones.

Cochlear-facial dehiscence (CFD) is a relatively new diagnosis which occurs when the bony partition between the labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve and the cochlea is dehiscent. This is considered one of several third window lesions which produce varying degrees of auditory and vestibular symptoms. Imaging studies have identified a consistently higher incidence of CFD when compared with the only histopathologic study present in the literature.

Complications of Endonasal Odontoidectomy in Pediatric versus Adult Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

 Endonasal odontoidectomy (EO) is a procedure for addressing compressive pathology of the craniovertebral junction. While EO has been well established in adults, its complications and cervical fusion practices are less understood in pediatric patients, despite differences in sinonasal and craniocervical anatomy. This study summarizes and compares EO complications and need for cervical fusion in pediatric and adult patients.

Ipsilateral Nasoseptal Flaps in a Transpterygoid Approach: Technical Pearls and Reconstruction Outcomes.

 Transpterygoid approaches to the skull base require dissection of the sphenopalatine artery, potentially compromising the option to harvest an ipsilateral nasoseptal flap (NSF) for reconstruction. In cases where other reconstructive options are limited, it may be necessary to utilize a NSF ipsilateral to the transpterygoid approach. Here, we describe the technique of NSF pedicle preservation with reconstruction outcomes.

Discrepancies Between Sex Prediction and Fetal Sex After Prenatal Noninvasive Cell-Free DNA Screening.

In the last 10 years the field of prenatal diagnosis has been significantly reshaped followed by the implementation of noninvasive prenatal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) testing methodologies in clinical practice. Based on a superior performance and higher sensitivity and specificity than the former practice of biochemical markers screening, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics recommend noninvasive prenatal cfDNA screening for trisomy 21, 18, 13, and sex chromosome aneuploidy to all pregnant people. While cfDNA screening is helpful in risk assessment for the most common autosomal trisomies, cfDNA also provides information about fetal sex chromosomes.

Dietary Intake and Micronutrient Adequacy among Adults in Rural Sri Lanka: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Baseline Survey.

Objective: To characterize food group consumption, assess the contribution of food groups to energy and micronutrient intake, and estimate usual nutrient intake among adults in rural Sri Lanka.

Design: A baseline survey (Dec 2020-Feb 2021) was conducted as part of an agriculture-based, nutrition-sensitive resilience program evaluation. Dietary intake was assessed using telephone-based 24-hour recalls (n=1283), with repeat recalls from 769 participants.

The impact of age at initial HPV vaccination on cervical cancer screening participation in a nationally representative cohort of women in the United States.

Objective: A better understanding of factors associated with cervical cancer screening can inform strategies for cervical cancer prevention. This study examined the relationship between age at human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and participation in cervical cancer screening among a nationally representative sample of women in the United States.

Methods: We utilized data from the National Survey of Family Growth for the years 2015-2019 focusing on women aged 18-24 vaccinated against HPV.

Associations Between Diabetes Knowledge, the Prevalence of Diet-Related Chronic Conditions, and Dietary Behavior Among Hispanic/Latino Farm Workers with Type 2 Diabetes in the Salinas Valley, California, USA.

Introduction: Studies on diabetes prevalence among U.S. farmworkers indicate prevalence ranging from 9.

Report of the 19th International Congress on Twin Studies, 26-28 September 2024, Assisi, Italy.

The International Society for Twin Studies (ISTS) held its 19th scientific congress in Assisi, Italy, from September 26 to 28, 2024. This prestigious event, which was the seventh joint meeting with the World Congress on Twin Pregnancy, brought together researchers from various fields, including psychology, biology and medicine. Representatives from ICOMBO (the International Consortium of Multiple Birth Organisations), which supports multiple-birth families worldwide, were also in attendance.

Effects of an Organizational Implementation Strategy on Sustainment of Measurement-Based Care in Community Mental Health.

Objective: Little is known about how to sustain evidence-based interventions with fidelity in community mental health settings. Phase 1 of the Working to Implement and Sustain Digital Outcome Measures (WISDOM) trial showed that an organizational strategy improved the implementation of measurement-based care (MBC) in mental health services for youths 1-12 months after clinician MBC training. The authors report results from phase 2 of the trial, in which the strategy's effects on MBC sustainment 13-26 months after clinician MBC training were examined.

Real-world clinical impact of plasma cell-free DNA metagenomic next-generation sequencing assay.

Objective: To describe the real-world clinical impact of a commercially available plasma cell-free DNA metagenomic next-generation sequencing assay, the Karius test (KT).

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical impact of KT by clinical panel adjudication. Descriptive statistics were used to study associations of diagnostic indications, host characteristics, and KT-generated microbiologic patterns with the clinical impact of KT.

The implementation of intrathecal morphine for caesarean delivery into clinical practice, and assessment of its impact on patient-reported quality of recovery using the ObsQoR-10-Dutch scale.

Background: Optimising a mother's quality of recovery following caesarean delivery is of paramount importance as it facilitates maternal care of the newborn and affects physical, psychological and emotional well being. Intrathecal morphine (ITM) reduces postoperative pain and may improve quality of recovery: however its widespread use is limited.

Objective: To assess the effects of implementing ITM for caesarean delivery on postoperative quality of recovery.

Cognitive Outcomes After Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression: Résultats cognitifs après la stimulation magnétique transcrânienne pour le traitement de la dépression chez les personnes âgées.

Background: Late-life depression (LLD) is often accompanied by cognitive impairment, which may persist despite antidepressant treatment. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an efficacious treatment for depression, with potential benefits on cognitive functioning. However, research on cognitive effects is inconclusive, relatively sparse in LLD, and predominantly focused on group-level cognitive changes.

Determination of Trends Underlying Aspartic Acid Isomerization in Intact Proteins Reveals Unusually Rapid Isomerization of Tau.

Spontaneous chemical modifications in long-lived proteins can potentially change protein structure in ways that impact proteostasis and cellular health. For example, isomerization of aspartic acid interferes with protein turnover and is anticorrelated with cognitive acuity in Alzheimer's disease. However, few isomerization rates have been determined for Asp residues in intact proteins.

Virtual diversity and the value-ladenness of science.

Collins, Evans, and Reyes-Galindo develop the concept of interactional expertise into the idea of virtual diversity. They thereby provide a strong case against the epistemic barriers established by identity politics. This commentary questions, however, whether virtual diversity can incorporate the critique of institutional power that Wynne has argued is at the center of tensions between lay publics and scientific establishments.

Subtypes A1 and D, and recombinant HIV-1 natural polymorphisms associated with lenacapavir drug resistance in Uganda.

Background: Lenacapavir, a novel HIV-1 capsid inhibitor, shows promise for treating MDR HIV-1, as well as for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in prevention of HIV infection. Its unique mechanism and lack of cross-resistance with other antiretroviral classes make lenacapavir a significant addition to HIV therapy. The clinical trials CALIBRATE and CAPELLA have demonstrated high viral suppression rates in both ART-naive individuals and individuals with MDR HIV-1.

Screening of Coulombic Interactions To Achieve a Higher Power Factor in Conjugated Polymers.

Thermoelectric properties of conducting polymers typically suffer from molecular chain disordering, as charge transport is predominantly controlled by morphology. This is especially more problematic when counterions are introduced to tune the carrier concentration for optimal thermoelectric performance, which disturbs the morphology further. In this work, we introduce a new avenue for enhancing thermoelectric properties without needing to regulate the morphology, namely, by controlling the coulombic interaction between polarons and counterions.

Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee Points to Consider: Proposal and Recommendations to Reduce Euthanasia of Control Nonhuman Primates in Nonclinical Toxicity Studies.

Nonhuman primates (NHPs) have been and remain a highly valuable animal model with an essential role in translational research and pharmaceutical drug development. Based on current regulatory guidelines, the nonclinical safety of novel therapeutics should be evaluated in relevant nonclinical species, which commonly includes NHPs for biotherapeutics. Given the practical and ethical limitations on availability and/or use of NHPs and in line with the widely accepted guiding "3Rs" (replace, reduce, and refine) principles, many approaches have been considered to optimize toxicity study designs to meaningfully reduce the number of NHPs used.

High-impact Chronic Pain in a Cohort of Urologic Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome Patients: A Retrospective MAPP Research Network Study.

Objectives: An emerging concept in the chronic pain literature, high-impact chronic pain (HICP), refers to pain that occurs very frequently and results in major disruption of daily life. Previous epidemiologic investigations have noted that lower educational attainment, age, and race appear to be associated with the frequency of HICP, but condition-specific investigations of HICP have been less common.

Methods: Here we investigate HICP status and its clinical/demographic correlates in the Multidisciplinary Approach to the study of chronic Pelvic Pain research network Symptom Pattern Study.

Exploring the Social Media Discussion of Breast Cancer Treatment Choices: Quantitative Natural Language Processing Study.

Background: Early-stage breast cancer has the complex challenge of carrying a favorable prognosis with multiple treatment options, including breast-conserving surgery (BCS) or mastectomy. Social media is increasingly used as a source of information and as a decision tool for patients, and awareness of these conversations is important for patient counseling.

Objective: The goal of this study was to compare sentiments and associated emotions in social media discussions surrounding BCS and mastectomy using natural language processing (NLP).

Evaluation of the Femoral Condyle Radius of Curvature at the Chondral Surface Shows Significant Correlation With the Anterior-Posterior Length.

Background: Accurate donor-recipient matching of the femoral condyle radius of curvature (ROC) in osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation may aid in minimizing articular surface incongruities. Matching linear femorotibial dimensions, such as the femoral condyle anterior-posterior length (APL), femoral condyle width (lateral-medial length, LML), femoral hemicondyle width (HCW), and tibial plateau width (TPW), can provide similar results if they correlate well with ROC. This study investigates the relationship between femorotibial dimensions and ROC at the cartilage surface using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Prospective multi-centre analysis of rural trauma team development training for medical trainees and traffic law enforcement professionals in Uganda: an interrupted time series study.

Background: Research shows that trauma team formation could potentially improve effectiveness of injury care in rural settings. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of rural trauma team training amongst medical trainees and traffic law enforcement professionals in Uganda.

Methods: Prospective multi-centre interrupted time series analysis of an interventional training based on the 4th edition of rural trauma team development course of the American College of Surgeons.