Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Deep Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder and Alcoholic Liver Disease.

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a major public health concern and cause of mortality and morbidity. Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a debilitating complication of AUD, mitigated by abstinence from alcohol use. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is emerging as a potential treatment for AUD.

Why does cardiology have many extreme publishing authors?

Under diverse contributing factors in different scientific micro-environments, the number of authors who publish extreme numbers of full articles in a single year has increased. Cardiology is the subfield that has the largest share of authors with extreme publishing behavior than any other subfield in science (outside physics). Between 2000 and 2022, 137 authors in the subfield of Cardiovascular System (CVS, Science-Metrix classification) have published over 60 full articles in at least one calendar year and are also highly-cited.

Future directions in the evaluation and management of newly diagnosed metastatic cancer.

There is a much debate regarding optimal selection in patients with metastatic cancer who should undergo local treatment (surgery or radiation treatment) to the primary tumor and/or metastases. Additionally, the optimal treatment of newly diagnosed metastatic cancer is largely unclear. Current prognostication systems to best inform these clinical scenarios are limited, as all metastatic patients are grouped together as having Stage IV disease without further incorporation of patient and disease-specific covariates that significantly impact patient outcomes.

The acute management of penetrating carotid artery injuries-A systematic review.

Background: Penetrating carotid artery injuries (CAI) are rare with high morbidity and mortality. We aimed to perform a systematic review of the published literature to evaluate the workup and management of penetrating CAI.

Methods: Studies of acute management of adult trauma patients with penetrating common or internal carotid artery injuries on MEDLINE or EMBASE from 1946 through July 2024 were included following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement methodology.

Neurodevelopmental Follow-Up in Children with Intrauterine and Perinatal Exposure to Chikungunya Virus.

Objective: To investigate the effects of intrauterine and perinatal exposure to chikungunya virus (CHIKV) on neurodevelopment in infants and toddlers.

Study Design: We conducted a cohort study comparing children with intrauterine or perinatal exposure to maternal CHIKV infection with unexposed controls in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Neurodevelopment was assessed with General Movement Assessments (GMA) in the first six months of life, and the Bayley-III Scales of Infant and Toddler Development and Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) for older children.

Mobilize the Troops! Military Involvement in the History of Testicular Cancer.

This review examines the historical evolution of testicular cancer (TCa) treatment, emphasizing the transformative impact of World War II. Prior to the war, cases of more than 50 testicular tumors were exceedingly rare. The mobilization of American troops, especially after the German Blitz, resulted in widespread military health screenings, leading to a surge in incidental TCa diagnoses during the 1940s.

The association of loneliness and social isolation with multimorbidity over 14 years in older adults in England: A population-based cohort study.

Background: Previous longitudinal studies have linked multimorbidity to loneliness (feeling alienated) and social isolation (having reduced social contact). However, the nature of these associations over time is unclear.

Objective: To examine bidirectional associations of multimorbidity with loneliness and social isolation over a 14-year follow-up in a nationally representative cohort of adults aged ≥ 50 years.

Survival outcomes for patients with invasive lobular cancer by MammaPrint: Results from the MINDACT phase III trial.

Background: Evaluation of the prognostic performance and clinical utility of the MammaPrint 70-gene signature in early-stage invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) for whom such analyses in a randomized trial is awaited.

Patients And Methods: Exploratory subgroup analysis of MINDACT trial patients with centrally assessed histology (n = 5929) with invasive breast cancer of no-special-type (NST), or pure ILC. In the trial patients were categorized based on the 70-gene signature for genomic risk and modified Adjuvant!Online for clinical risk.

Emotional intelligence as a predictor of functional outcomes in psychotic disorders.

Psychotic disorders are associated with significant impairment in psychosocial functioning, yet mechanisms associated with this impairment remain poorly understood. Emotional intelligence, a component of social cognition, is associated with psychosocial functioning in this population. However, prior work has used relatively small samples, reported inconsistent relations between functioning domains and emotional intelligence, and inconsistently considered negative symptoms.

Racial microaggressions in nursing: "We have a long way to go".

Background: Racism in nursing is a significant issue affecting patient safety, nurse well-being, and job performance.

Purpose: Explore racial microaggression experiences of registered nurses working in a children's hospital.

Methods: An exploratory, qualitative research design with in-depth interviews was used to collect data.

Exploring brain health awareness and dementia risk in young adults: A focus group study.

Objective: The topic of brain health across the life-course is currently receiving exponential attention. Alongside this, exposure to lifestyle-related risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias accumulates across the life-course. This study aimed to explore young adults' (18-39 years) perceptions and understanding of brain health and dementia risk.

Development of a comprehensive food glycomic database and its application: Associations between dietary carbohydrates and insulin resistance.

Carbohydrates are an integral part of a healthy diet. The molecular compositions of carbohydrates encompass a very broad range of unique structures with many being ill-defined. This vast structural complexity is distilled into vague categories such as total carbohydrates, sugars, starches, and soluble/insoluble fibers.

Trends, characteristics, and outcomes of pregnancy in women with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A nationwide analysis.

Objective: To assess clinical and obstetric characteristics associated with pregnant patients with a diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: This serial cross-sectional study queried the Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality's Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample. The study population was 16,759,786 hospital deliveries from 2016 to 2020.

Protocol for the generation of HLF+ HOXA+ human hematopoietic progenitor cells from pluripotent stem cells.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) generate blood and immune cells. Here, we present a protocol to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into hematopoietic progenitors that express the signature HSC transcription factors HLF, HOXA5, HOXA7, HOXA9, and HOXA10. hPSCs are dissociated, seeded, and then sequentially differentiated into posterior primitive streak, lateral mesoderm, artery endothelium, hemogenic endothelium, and hematopoietic progenitors through the sequential addition of defined, serum-free media.

ISCT MSC committee statement on the US FDA approval of allogenic bone-marrow mesenchymal stromal cells.

The December 2024 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of Mesoblast's Ryoncil (remestemcel-L-rknd)-allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC(M)) therapy-in pediatric acute steroid-refractory graft-versus-host-disease finally ended a long-lasting drought on approved MSC clinical products in the United States. While other jurisdictions-including Europe, Japan, India, and South Korea-have marketed autologous or allogeneic MSC products, the United States has lagged in its approval. The sponsor's significant efforts and investments, working closely with the FDA addressing concerns regarding clinical efficacy and consistent MSC potency through an iterative process that spanned several years, was rewarded with this landmark approval.

Evaluating Clinician Experience in Health Care Transition: Results From Six Health Systems.

Purpose: There is a paucity of evidence examining clinician experiences with structured health-care transition (HCT) programs. Among HCT Learning Collaborative participants, this study describes clinician experiences with implementation of a structured HCT process: Got Transition's 6 Core Elements.

Methods: Representative members from 6 health systems designed a survey to collect clinician feedback regarding HCT and demographic and practice information.

Semaglutide and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in an adolescent with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase: a case report.

Background: Classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia, primarily due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, leads to impaired cortisol and aldosterone production and excess adrenal androgens. Lifelong glucocorticoid therapy is required, often necessitating supraphysiological doses in youth to manage androgen excess and growth acceleration. These patients experience higher obesity rates, hypertension, and glucose metabolism issues, complicating long-term health management.

Association of LR treatment response category with outcome of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma on explant pathology.

Objectives: Liver transplant (LT) is an effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in appropriately selected patients. Locoregional therapy (LRT) is often performed to extend a patient's eligibility for LT. Imaging has a modest sensitivity of approximately 40-77% for detecting pathologically viable HCC in post-LRT patients.

Nonlinearity of the post-spinel transition and its expression in slabs and plumes worldwide.

Phase transitions in the mantle control its internal dynamics and structure. The post-spinel transition marks the upper-lower mantle boundary, where ringwoodite dissociates into bridgmanite plus ferropericlase, and its Clapeyron slope regulates mantle flow across it. This interaction has previously been assumed to have no lateral spatial variations, based on the assumption of a linear post-spinel boundary in pressure and temperature.

On the pursuit of reproducibility: the importance of large sample sizes in psychoimmunology.

Peripheral inflammatory markers (PIMs), such as C-reactive protein (CRP) or white blood cell count (WBC), have been associated with depression severity in meta-analyses and large cohort studies. However, in typically-sized psychoimmunology studies (N < 200) that explore associations between PIMs and neurobiological/psychosocial constructs related to depression and studies that examine less-studied PIMs (e.g.

The importance of Ombudsman programs in supporting the transition from medicare-medicaid plans to dual special needs plans.

In this paper, we examine the critical role of Ombudsman programs in facilitating the transition from Medicare-Medicaid Plans (MMPs) to Dual Special Needs Plans (D-SNPS) for dual-eligible members. As states implement this federally mandated transition, Ombudsman programs serve as essential supports for the dual-eligible population who are navigating complex healthcare changes. Through analysis of Ombudsman programs in California, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Michigan, we highlight how these services address beneficiary concerns, resolve access issues, and provide valuable insights to policymakers.

Imaging of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension.

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is pulmonary hypertension secondary to chronic obstruction of pulmonary arteries by organized thromboemboli. Echocardiography and Echocardiography and ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scan are the initial screening examinations for CTEPH; the diagnosis is often missed on computed tomography (CT). Imaging findings of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease overlap with those of acute pulmonary embolism, and radiologists should evaluate for the presence of concurrent chronic disease in all cases of acute pulmonary embolism detected on CT pulmonary angiography.