Development and validation of the BRief Eating Disorder Screener (BREDS) for US veterans in healthcare and community settings.

Objective: To develop a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) eating disorder screener.

Method: Veterans enrolled in VA healthcare (N = 344) completed a survey of screening items and established measures. A validation subset (n = 166) participated in diagnostic interviews to confirm an eating disorder diagnosis.

Comparative overall survival of CDK4/6 inhibitors plus an aromatase inhibitor in HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer in the US real-world setting.

Background: Randomized controlled trials have shown inconsistent overall survival (OS) benefit among the three cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) as first-line (1L) treatment of patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Several real-world studies compared CDK4/6i effectiveness, with inconsistent findings. This study compared overall survival (OS) of patients with HR+/HER2- mBC receiving 1L palbociclib, ribociclib, or abemaciclib, in combination with an aromatase inhibitor (AI), in US clinical practice.

Intraoperative FiO and risk of impaired postoperative oxygenation in lung resection: A propensity score-weighted analysis.

Study Objective: To assess whether, in a lung resection cohort with a low probability of confounding by indication, higher FiO is associated with an increased risk of impaired postoperative oxygenation - a clinical manifestation of lung injury/dysfunction.

Design: Pre-specified registry-based retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Two large academic hospitals in the United States.

Unmasking the Environmental Costs of In-Person General Surgery Residency Interviews.

Objective: As COVID-19 restrictions are eased, there has been a lively debate on whether residency recruitment interviews should be held virtually or in-person. However, environmental impact has rarely been a focus of this debate and only by inference from limited survey data. In this study, we aimed to estimate the carbon emissions generated from air-travel versus in-person interviews in the general surgery residency recruitment.

Salivary cortisol and affective responses to acute psychosocial stress among adolescents.

Background: Acute psychosocial stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and triggers the release of cortisol, a commonly used biomarker of stress reactivity. Yet only 25 % of studies have reported a correlation between cortisol and affective responses to stress. This study aimed to examine whether cortisol reactivity following an acute psychosocial stressor in the laboratory correlated with concurrent positive and negative affect in adolescents, and whether early life adversity (ELA) moderated this relationship.

Evaluating the psychosocial experiences of participants in HIV cure research before, during, and after analytical treatment interruptions: A longitudinal qualitative study in the United States.

The lack of socio-behavioral research on stress and psychosocial experiences among research participants who undergo analytical treatment interruption (ATI) in HIV cure studies underscores a critical gap in cure science. Existing literature acknowledges mixed and potentially adverse mental health impacts of ATIs among trial participants, but empirical insights before, during, and after clinical studies are scarce. We used longitudinal in-depth interviews with 11 participants in HIV cure-related research to explore their experiences with stress, coping, and psychological well-being before, during, and after an ATI.

Multi-functional electrochemiluminescence biosensor for efficient capture, elimination, and sensitive monitoring of Staphylococcus aureus.

In this study, we developed a novel strategy for effective bacteria capture, elimination, and detection. The aptamer of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was immobilized on FeO NPs and partly hybridized with the T strand, which exhibited good bacterial capture efficiency.

Deposition history of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tibetan lakes indicate the effectiveness of protected area establishment.

The effectiveness of protected areas in mitigating human impacts remains uncertain due to limited in-situ data; however, atmospheric micropollutant deposition in alpine lakes may provide a quantitative approach to evaluate anthropogenic pressures and threats. In this study, the temporal changes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) inside/outside the Siling Co protected area, Tibet were reconstructed. The varying anthropogenic impact history suggested that, unlike the dominance of residential activities (i.

4D light sheet imaging, computational reconstruction, and cell tracking in mouse embryos.

As light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) becomes widely available, reconstruction of time-lapse imaging will further our understanding of complex biological processes at cellular resolution. Here, we present a comprehensive workflow for in toto capture, processing, and analysis of multi-view LSFM experiments using the ex vivo mouse embryo as a model system of development. Our protocol describes imaging on a commercial LSFM instrument followed by computational analysis in discrete segments, using open-source software.

Dual α-globin-truncated erythropoietin receptor knockin restores hemoglobin production in α-thalassemia-derived erythroid cells.

The most severe form of α-thalassemia results from loss of all four copies of α-globin. Postnatally, patients face challenges similar to β-thalassemia, including severe anemia and erythrotoxicity due to the imbalance of β-globin and α-globin chains. Despite progress in genome editing treatments for β-thalassemia, there is no analogous curative option for α-thalassemia.

Risk factors and retreatment for relapse in childhood primary nephrotic syndrome treated with rituximab.

Background: The effectiveness of rituximab (RTX) for steroid-dependent/frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (SDNS/FRNS) in children is well documented. However, there are insufficient data on relapse risk factors. Additionally, the retreat regimen for relapsed children requires further investigation.

Ecotoxicology of cephalopod early life phases: review and perspectives.

The present review provides the first analysis and synthesis of the available scientific information on the effects of anthropogenic contaminants on cephalopod embryos, paralarvae, and juveniles. We evaluated 46 articles published between 1970 and 2023 that focused on trace elements (69%), pharmaceutical compounds (11%), persistent organic compounds (11%), and plastics (9%). To date, the greatest scientific effort has originated from Europe and Asia (France [57%], China [9%], Italy [7%], and Spain [4%]), with few reports available from the rest of the world.

Impact of high maternal body mass index on fetal cerebral cortical and cerebellar volumes.

Objectives: Maternal obesity increases a child's risk of neurodevelopmental impairment. However, little is known about the impact of maternal obesity on fetal brain development.

Methods: We prospectively recruited 20 healthy pregnant women across the range of pre-pregnancy or first-trimester body mass index (BMI) and performed fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of their healthy singleton fetuses.

Ethical Use of Cadaveric Images in Anatomical Textbooks, Atlases, and Journals: A Consensus Response From Authors and Editors.

Nowadays, consent to use donor bodies for medical education and research is obtained from the body donors and their families before the donation. Recently, the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) published guidelines that could restrict the appearance of cadaveric images in commercial anatomical resources such as textbooks and other educational products. These guidelines state that the donor must expressly consent to using such images for this purpose.

Deep Learning-Based Three-Dimensional Analysis Reveals Distinct Patterns of Condylar Remodelling After Orthognathic Surgery in Skeletal Class III Patients.

Objective: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate morphometric changes in mandibular condyles of patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion following two-jaw orthognathic surgery planned using virtual surgical planning (VSP) and analysed with automated three-dimensional (3D) image analysis based on deep-learning techniques.

Materials And Methods: Pre-operative (T1) and 12-18 months post-operative (T2) Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans of 17 patients (mean age: 24.8 ± 3.

Use and knowledge of the two FIGO systems for nongestational abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive years: A multinational survey.

Objective: To evaluate the worldwide use of FIGO's two systems for the classification of causes and contributors to nongestational abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive years by obstetrics and gynecology professionals worldwide, to identify knowledge gaps, and explore barriers to implementation.

Methods: An electronic survey was developed by members of FIGO's Menstrual Disorders and Related Health Impacts (MDRHI) Committee to assess knowledge of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and the two FIGO AUB systems among obstetricians and gynecologists. The survey was conducted online from February 28 to June 30, 2023, and comprised demographic questions, educational content inquiries, and a knowledge assessment.

Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Evaluating the Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma for Knee Osteoarthritis: Adherence to Minimum Information for Studies Evaluating Biologics in Orthopaedics.

Background: The Minimum Information for Studies Evaluating Biologics in Orthopedics (MIBO) guidelines were developed in May 2017 to encourage improved reporting standards, promote increased transparency and reproducibility, and enhance clinical evaluation capabilities. The MIBO guidelines consist of 23 checklist items considered necessary to critically appraise clinical studies evaluating platelet-rich plasma (PRP).

Purpose: To assess randomized controlled trials that evaluated PRP for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis in order to systematically review their adherence to the MIBO guidelines.

Mental Health Services for Serious Mental Illness: Scoping Review of Randomised Controlled Trials.

Aims: This review aims to classify the evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on mental health services (MHS) for people with serious mental illness (SMI) available in the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's (CSzG) specialised register.

Design: Scoping review.

Methods: We retrieved and screened RCTs of service-level interventions considering non-pharmacological approaches for mental healthcare of the CSzG register.

Land Use Change Consistently Reduces α- But Not β- and γ-Diversity of Bees.

Land use change threatens global biodiversity and compromises ecosystem functions, including pollination and food production. Reduced taxonomic α-diversity is often reported under land use change, yet the impacts could be different at larger spatial scales (i.e.

Ecological Momentary Assessment for Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa and Their Parents/Caregivers in Family-Based Treatment.

Introduction: Studies have shown that early weight gain in family-based treatment (FBT) predicts treatment response in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN); however, research examining factors associated with early weight gain in FBT is limited. This study tested the feasibility and acceptability of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in early FBT, particularly to capture momentary data on family climate during mealtimes.

Methods: Using multiple methods, quantitative (EMA) and qualitative (interviews) data were collected in the first 4 weeks of FBT.

Emerging Novel Combined CAR-NK Cell Therapies in Cancer Treatment: Finding a Dancing Partner.

In recent decades, immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) has revolutionized cancer treatment and given hope where other cancer therapies have failed. CAR-NK cells are NK cells that have been engineered ex vivo with a CAR on the cell membrane with high specificity for specific target antigens of tumor cells. The impressive results of several studies suggest that CAR-NK cell therapy has significant potential and successful performance in cancer treatment.

Telomere Length Differences Indicate Climate Change-Induced Stress and Population Decline in a Migratory Bird.

Genomic projections of (mal)adaptation under future climate change, known as genomic offset, faces limited application due to challenges in validating model predictions. Individuals inhabiting regions with high genomic offset are expected to experience increased levels of physiological stress as a result of climate change, but documenting such stress can be challenging in systems where experimental manipulations are not possible. One increasingly common method for documenting physiological costs associated with stress in individuals is to measure the relative length of telomeres-the repetitive regions on the caps of chromosomes that are known to shorten at faster rates in more adverse conditions.

Evidence for microbially-mediated tradeoffs between growth and defense throughout coral evolution.

Background: Evolutionary tradeoffs between life-history strategies are important in animal evolution. Because microbes can influence multiple aspects of host physiology, including growth rate and susceptibility to disease or stress, changes in animal-microbial symbioses have the potential to mediate life-history tradeoffs. Scleractinian corals provide a biodiverse, data-rich, and ecologically-relevant host system to explore this idea.