ChatGPT's Attitude, Knowledge, and Clinical Application in Geriatrics Practice and Education: Exploratory Observational Study.

Background: The increasing use of ChatGPT in clinical practice and medical education necessitates the evaluation of its reliability, particularly in geriatrics.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate ChatGPT's trustworthiness in geriatrics through 3 distinct approaches: evaluating ChatGPT's geriatrics attitude, knowledge, and clinical application with 2 vignettes of geriatric syndromes (polypharmacy and falls).

Methods: We used the validated University of California, Los Angeles, geriatrics attitude and knowledge instruments to evaluate ChatGPT's geriatrics attitude and knowledge and compare its performance with that of medical students, residents, and geriatrics fellows from reported results in the literature.

RASGRP1 Deficiency Associated with Diffuse Mesangial Sclerosis Infantile Nephrotic Syndrome and Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

: RAS guanyl-releasing protein 1 (RASGRP1) deficiency is characterized by immune dysregulation and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related lymphoproliferation. Diffuse mesangial sclerosis is one of the infrequent causes of infantile nephrotic syndrome. : Here, we described a 7-year-old girl who was diagnosed with diffuse mesangial sclerosis at 5 months old and subsequently developed chronic bilateral neck swelling at the age of 3 years.

Symbolic dynamics of joint brain states during dyadic coordination.

We propose a novel approach to investigate the brain mechanisms that support coordination of behavior between individuals. Brain states in single individuals defined by the patterns of functional connectivity between brain regions are used to create joint symbolic representations of brain states in two or more individuals to investigate symbolic dynamics that are related to interactive behaviors. We apply this approach to electroencephalographic data from pairs of subjects engaged in two different modes of finger-tapping coordination tasks (synchronization and syncopation) under different interaction conditions (uncoupled, leader-follower, and mutual) to explore the neural mechanisms of multi-person motor coordination.

Koopman learning with episodic memory.

Koopman operator theory has found significant success in learning models of complex, real-world dynamical systems, enabling prediction and control. The greater interpretability and lower computational costs of these models, compared to traditional machine learning methodologies, make Koopman learning an especially appealing approach. Despite this, little work has been performed on endowing Koopman learning with the ability to leverage its own failures.

Social Risks and Nonadherence to Recommended Cancer Screening Among US Adults.

Importance: Research indicates that social drivers of health are associated with cancer screening adherence, although the exact magnitude of these associations remains unclear.

Objective: To investigate the associations between individual-level social risks and nonadherence to guideline-recommended cancer screenings.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 39 US states and Washington, DC.

Factors in Initial Anticoagulation Choice in Hospitalized Patients With Pulmonary Embolism.

Importance: Despite guideline recommendations to use low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) or direct oral anticoagulants in the treatment of most patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE), US-based studies have found increasing use of unfractionated heparin (UFH) in hospitalized patients.

Objective: To identify barriers and facilitators of guideline-concordant anticoagulation in patients hospitalized with acute PE.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This qualitative study conducted semistructured interviews from February 1 to June 3, 2024, that were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed in an iterative process using reflexive thematic analysis.

PSMA-PET/CT Findings in Patients With High-Risk Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer With No Metastatic Disease by Conventional Imaging.

Importance: The phase 3 randomized EMBARK trial evaluated enzalutamide with or without leuprolide in high-risk nonmetastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Eligibility relied on conventional imaging, which underdetects metastatic disease compared with prostate-specific membrane antigen-positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET).

Objective: To describe the staging information obtained by PSMA-PET/computed tomography (PSMA-PET/CT) in a patient cohort eligible for the EMBARK trial.

Trends in Screening for Social Risk in US Physician Practices.

Importance: A wealth of research on screening for social risks in health care has emerged, but evidence is lacking on how social risk screening among physician practices has changed over time.

Objectives: To evaluate trends in screening for social risks among US physician practices and examine practice characteristics associated with adoption of social risk screening.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The main analysis used a repeated cross-sectional design to analyze results from US physician practices that completed the National Survey of Healthcare Organizations and Systems, a nationally representative survey of physician practices, in 2017 and 2022.

Synthesis and Evaluation of a Bifunctional Chelator for Thorium-227 Targeted Radiotherapy.

Thorium-227 (Th) is an α-emitting radionuclide currently under investigation for targeted alpha therapy. Available chelators used for this isotope suffer from challenging multistep syntheses. Here, we present the synthesis and preclinical evaluation of a novel bifunctional chelator, SCN-Bn-DOTHOPO, which contains an isothiocyanate group that is suitable for conjugation to biological molecules.

A Systematic Review of the Influence of Social Determinants of Health on Mental Health Service Utilization and Outcomes Among Asian American Cancer Survivors.

Objective: The purpose of this review was to identify relationships between social determinants of mental health service utilization and outcomes among Asian American cancer survivors in the United States (U.S.).

Multi-institutional development and testing of attention-enhanced deep learning segmentation of thyroid nodules on ultrasound.

Purpose: Thyroid nodules are common, and ultrasound-based risk stratification using ACR's TIRADS classification is a key step in predicting nodule pathology. Determining thyroid nodule contours is necessary for the calculation of TIRADS scores and can also be used in the development of machine learning nodule diagnosis systems. This paper presents the development, validation, and multi-institutional independent testing of a machine learning system for the automatic segmentation of thyroid nodules on ultrasound.

Defining Textbook Outcomes for Minimally Invasive Surgical Resection of Small Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) of the Stomach.

Background: Textbook outcome (TO) has been utilized to assess the quality of surgical care. This study aimed to define TO rates for minimally invasive gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) resections in a bi-institutional cohort.

Methods: Patients with gastric GIST (≤ 5 cm) who underwent laparoscopic or robotic resection (January 2014 to January 2024) were retrospectively identified from two GIST centers.

Ipsilateral restriction of chromosome movement along a centrosome, and apical-basal axis during the cell cycle.

Little is known about how distance between homologous chromosomes are controlled during the cell cycle. Here, we show that the distribution of centromere components display two discrete clusters placed to either side of the centrosome and apical/basal axis from prophase to G interphase. 4-Dimensional live cell imaging analysis of centromere and centrosome tracking reveals that centromeres oscillate largely within one cluster, but do not cross over to the other cluster.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common tauopathy and characterized by the progressive accumulation of Aß and tau. Tau is expressed in two major isoforms containing either 3 or 4 c-terminal repeats labeled as 3R and 4R tau. While these two isoforms occur in roughly equimolar ratios in AD, most research focus and mouse models of tau center only the 4Rtau protein and not 3Rtau.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving pathological deposition of tau that includes glial inclusions and specific regional vulnerability patterns. Therapeutic developments are hampered by incomplete understanding of disease mechanisms. Few studies have examined its cell type-specific effects.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Brain accumulation of amyloid-ß (Aß) in plaques and neurons is the cause of AD neuropathology that is opposed by autologous monocyte/macrophages (MMs) in health but this defense fails in AD.

Method: RNAseq, immunochemistry of the brain, immunofluorescence, and confocal microscopy of macrophages.

Result: In the AD brain, MMs shuttle Aß from parenchyma to vessels, which develop vasculitis, causing amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIAs).

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Sleep dysfunction is commonly seen in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), potentially worsening these conditions. Investigating early neuropathological changes in human sleep-promoting neurons, which often precede cognitive decline, is crucial for understanding the basis for sleep dysfunction as possible treatments yet remain underexplored. We used postmortem brains of AD and PSP patients to quantify neuronal numbers and tau burden in the intermediate nucleus of the hypothalamus (IntN), VLPO analog, known for its role in sleep maintenance.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Clinicopathological studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have demonstrated that synaptic or neuronal loss and clinical cognitive decline do not reliably correlate with fibrillar amyloid burden. We created a transgenic mouse model overexpressing Dutch (E693Q) mutant human amyloid precursor protein (APP) driven by the pan-neuronal Thy1 promoter. Accumulation of APP carboxyl-terminal fragments was observed in the brains of these mice, which develop an impaired learning phenotype directly proportional to brain oAβ levels.

Exposure to Lead, Cadmium, Mercury and Arsenic Among Asian and Non-Asian Children and Adolescents in the United States: NHANES 2015-2018.

Higher concentrations of heavy metals were reported mainly among adult Asian persons compared to other racial/ethnic groups in earlier NHANES cycles' studies. We aimed to examine concentrations of metals among Asian children/adolescents compared to children/adolescents identifying with other racial/ethnic groups, considering socio-demographic factors and potential mediation by fish/shellfish consumption. Using NHANES data (2015-2018), 5293 participants (1-19 years) with blood/urinary measurements of lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic were included.

BayesAge 2.0: a maximum likelihood algorithm to predict transcriptomic age.

Aging is a complex biological process influenced by various factors, including genetic and environmental influences. In this study, we present BayesAge 2.0, an upgraded version of our maximum likelihood algorithm designed for predicting transcriptomic age (tAge) from RNA-seq data.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Microglia are the major innate immune cells of the brain and play diverse roles in brain development and homeostasis. In the context of Alzheimer's disease, microglia acquire new phenotypes that can exert protective or pathogenic roles. Single cell and single nuclei RNA sequencing experiments have defined molecular signatures of different disease-associated microglia states associated with protective or pathogenic functions, but the mechanisms driving these transitions are not known.