Stroke Rehabilitation: Synopsis of the 2024 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and U.S. Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guidelines.

Description: In July 2024, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and U.

Efficacy and Safety of Sulforaphane Added to Antipsychotics for the Treatment of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

There are few established treatments for negative symptoms in schizophrenia, which persist in many patients after positive symptoms are reduced. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and epigenetic modifications involving histone deacetylase (HDAC) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Sulforaphane has antioxidant properties and is an HDAC inhibitor.

Synopsis of the 2023 US Department of Veterans Affairs and US Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Bipolar Disorder.

The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and Department of Defense (DOD) Work Group revised the 2013 VA/DOD Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for the Management of Bipolar Disorder (BD). This paper reviews the 2023 CPG and its development process, including how recommendations were made for evidence-based treatment in BD. Subject experts and key stakeholders developed 20 key questions and reviewed the published literature after a systematic search using the PICOTS (population, intervention, comparator, outcomes, timing of outcomes measurement, and setting) method.

Coexisting sellar Rathke cleft cyst and planum sphenoidale meningioma: illustrative case.

Background: The co-occurrence of Rathke cleft cysts (RCCs) and meningiomas in the sellar and parasellar regions represents an exceedingly rare clinical entity. Achieving maximal resection through a single operative approach while minimizing adverse events is challenging, often necessitating multiple surgical approaches, as suggested by previous reports.

Observations: The authors report the case of a 49-year-old female with a history of kidney transplant who presented with headaches and was diagnosed with coexisting RCC and meningioma in the sellar and planum sphenoidale regions, respectively.

Retrograde thrombosis of the superficial sylvian vein following liquid adhesive hemostat use during craniotomy: illustrative case.

Background: Intravascular injection of liquid adhesive hemostats is a rare but serious complication that can result in cerebral thromboembolism.

Observations: A 64-year-old female underwent orbitozygomatic craniotomy for posterior communicating artery aneurysm clipping with the routine use of a flowable hemostatic agent during extradural dissection. After placement of the aneurysm clip, flow was confirmed through the parent vessel and nearby branches.

Geographical and Socioeconomic Disparities in Substance and Opioid Use Disorders Among Inflammatory Bowel Disease Hospitalizations in the United States From the National Inpatient Sample.

We compared substance use disorder (SUD) prevalence among adult inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) hospitalizations with non-IBD controls from the 2016-2018 National Inpatient Sample, assessing correlations with demographics, socioeconomic status, geographic regions, depression, and anxiety. The primary aim focused on SUD, defined as substance abuse or dependence (: F10-F19) excluding unspecified use or remission, among hospitalizations documenting IBD (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis; : K50-51) as one admitting diagnosis (IBD-D). The prevalence of SUD among hospitalizations with and without IBD was compared.

Rathke cleft cyst with squamous metaplasia and activating mutations of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling: illustrative case.

Background: Rathke cleft cysts (RCCs) are benign sellar/suprasellar lesions that result from mucin-secreting vestigial remnants within the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland. When symptomatic, they can present with retro-orbital headaches, visual field defects, and/or pituitary dysfunction.

Observations: A 35-year-old female presented with subacute retro-orbital headache, right ptosis, and blurred vision.

Isoreticular Tolerance and Phase Selection in the Synthesis of Multi-Module Metal-Organic Frameworks for Gas Separation and Electrocatalytic OER.

Although metal-organic frameworks are coordination-driven assemblies, the structural prediction and design using metal-ligand interactions can be unreliable due to other competing interactions. Leveraging non-coordination interactions to develop porous assemblies could enable new materials and applications. Here, we use a multi-module MOF system to explore important and pervasive impact of ligand-ligand interactions on metal-ligand as well as ligand-ligand co-assembly process.

The Future of HIV: Challenges in meeting the 2030 Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. (EHE) reduction goal.

Objectives: To predict the burden of HIV in the United States (US) nationally and by region, transmission type, and race/ethnicity through 2030.

Methods: Using publicly available data from the CDC NCHHSTP AtlasPlus dashboard, we generated 11-year prospective forecasts of incident HIV diagnoses nationally and by region (South, non-South), race/ethnicity (White, Hispanic/Latino, Black/African American), and transmission type (Injection-Drug Use, Male-to-Male Sexual Contact (MMSC), and Heterosexual Contact (HSC)). We employed weighted (W) and unweighted (UW) n-sub-epidemic ensemble models, calibrated using 12 years of historical data (2008-2019), and forecasted trends for 2020-2030.

Reflections of Foster Youth Engaging in the Co-Design of Digital Mental Health Technology: Duoethnography Study.

Background: Current research on digital applications to support the mental health and well-being of foster youth is limited to theoretical applications for transition-aged foster youth and support platforms developed without intentional input from foster youth themselves. Centering the lived expertise of foster youth in digital solutions is crucial to dismantling barriers to care, leading to an increase in service access and improving mental health outcomes. Co-design centers the intended end users during the design process, creating a direct relationship between potential users and developers.

Substance Use is Associated With College Students' Acute Parasympathetic Nervous System Responses to Challenge.

College students use substances for varied reasons, including to cope with stress. The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) regulates bodily functions to promote energy conservation (the 'rest and digest' response), and individuals differ in their physiological sensitivity to challenge. It remains unclear whether greater PNS responses (i.

Pregnancy Complications and Long-Term Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk.

Purpose Of Review: Discuss the relationship between pregnancy complications and long-term atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk.

Recent Findings: A large body of research confirms an association between pregnancy complications and increased short and long-term ASCVD risk and seeks to understand mechanisms for these associations. Social determinants of health continue to have a critical impact on the prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) and long term ASCVD risk.

New approaches to secondary metabolite discovery from anaerobic gut microbes.

The animal gut microbiome is a complex system of diverse, predominantly anaerobic microbiota with secondary metabolite potential. These metabolites likely play roles in shaping microbial community membership and influencing animal host health. As such, novel secondary metabolites from gut microbes hold significant biotechnological and therapeutic interest.

Blood Pressure Control and Incident Left-Ventricular Conduction Disease.

Purpose Of Review: Cardiac conduction disease, a harbinger of pacemaker implantation, heart failure, and death, is commonly regarded as immutable. However, emerging research suggests it may be a target for upstream prevention strategies such as blood pressure management. This review summarizes recent evidence regarding blood pressure control and the development of conduction disease.

Prospective Harmonization, Common Data Elements, and Sharing Strategies for Multicenter Pre-Clinical Traumatic Brain Injury Research in the Translational Outcomes Project in Neurotrauma Consortium.

Effective team science requires procedural harmonization for rigor and reproducibility. Multicenter studies across experimental modalities (domains) can help accelerate translation. The Translational Outcomes Project in NeuroTrauma (TOP-NT) is a pre-clinical traumatic brain injury (TBI) consortium charged with establishing and validating noninvasive TBI assessment tools through team science.

Breastfeeding Among First-Time Mothers Reporting Housing Insecurity and Food Insecurity.

Despite health benefits to both infants and mothers, many are not breastfeeding as recommended by national guidelines. Prior studies examining the effects of housing insecurity and food insecurity on breastfeeding intention and duration have been limited and yielded mixed findings. To assess the relationship among housing insecurity, food insecurity, and breastfeeding, we conducted a secondary analysis of a cohort of nulliparous U.

Analysis of Platelet Morphological Parameters as Clinical Risk Stratification in Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Background: Platelet activation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Platelet morphological parameters, including MPV, PDW, and P-LCR, are emerging as biomarkers for predicting the severity of ACS and prognosis.

Aims: This study aims to assess the relationship between these parameters and coronary severity and to evaluate their predicting adverse outcomes.

Palatal segment contributions to midfacial anterior-posterior growth.

Anterior-posterior (A-P) elongation of the palate is a critical aspect of integrated midfacial morphogenesis. Reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions drive secondary palate elongation that is coupled to the periodic formation of signaling centers within the rugae growth zone (RGZ). However, the relationship between RGZ-driven morphogenetic processes, the differentiative dynamics of underlying palatal bone mesenchymal precursors, and the segmental organization of the upper jaw has remained enigmatic.

Impacts of Weather Anomalies and Climate on Plant Disease.

Predicting the effects of climate change on plant disease is critical for protecting ecosystems and food production. Here, we show how disease pressure responds to short-term weather, historical climate and weather anomalies by compiling a global database (4339 plant-disease populations) of disease prevalence in both agricultural and wild plant systems. We hypothesised that weather and climate would play a larger role in disease in wild versus agricultural plant populations, which the results supported.

Long-Term Immunity and Anamnestic Response Following Hepatitis B Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Using a systematic review and meta-analytic approach, this study determined the durability of HBV immunity and the prevalence of anamnestic response to a booster HBV vaccine dose in individuals previously vaccinated with a 3-dose HBV vaccine series as children or adolescents. Two researchers independently searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane from inception to 6/1/2023 and performed data extraction. Studies that included individuals with significant comorbidities or < 5 years of follow-up were excluded.