Cross-Sectional Comparison of Structural MRI Markers of Impairment in a Diverse Cohort of Older Adults.

Neurodegeneration is presumed to be the pathological process measure most proximal to clinical symptom onset in Alzheimer Disease (AD). Structural MRI is routinely collected in research and clinical trial settings. Several quantitative MRI-based measures of atrophy have been proposed, but their low correspondence with each other has been previously documented.

Investigation of Genomic and Transcriptomic Risk Factors of Clopidogrel Response in African Americans.

Clopidogrel, an anti-platelet drug, is used to prevent thrombosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. Clopidogrel resistance results in recurring ischemic events, with African Americans (AA) suffering disproportionately. The aim of this study was to discover novel biomarkers of clopidogrel resistance in African Americans using genome and transcriptome data.

Functional independence trajectories over 5 years in older veterans with traumatic brain injury: A model systems study.

Background: Research on older adults who sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) has predominantly been on civilian, nonveteran populations. Military populations experience higher rates of TBI and often experience the additive effects of TBI and other comorbid disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder and/or substance use that may increase disability over time.

Objective: To investigate predictors of functional independence trajectories over the 5 years after TBI in veterans 55 years or older at injury.

The association between adult child education and cognitive functioning among older parents: A cross-national comparison of diverse contexts.

Introduction: The association between adult child educational attainment and older parent's cognitive health may vary across diverse contexts but cross-national comparisons have been limited by differences in outcome assessment, study design, and analytic choices.

Methods: We used harmonized data with comprehensive cognitive assessments from the United States (N = 3088), India (N = 3828), and Mexico (N = 1875) to estimate associations between adult child education and older adults' cognitive functioning using linear regression models adjusted for respondent and family-level socio-economic status (SES) in each study.

Results: Each additional year of offspring education was associated with 0.

A fuzzy logic approach to improve the sensitivity of the rapid entire body assessment method.

Conventional ergonomic observation methods, such as rapid entire body assessment (REBA), are limited in their sensitivity and reliability, particularly in detecting changes in input variables. This study integrates fuzzy logic with the REBA method, utilizing trapezoidal membership functions to fuzzify the input variables. The center of gravity method was employed for defuzzification, and if-then rules were formulated to enhance the REBA method.

"No Matter the Age or Medical Complexity, People Benefit From That Intensity of Exercise": A Mixed-Methods Study Describing Rehabilitation Provider Perceptions of High-Intensity Resistance Training Among Veterans Receiving Post-Acute Care.

Background: In skilled nursing facilities (SNFs), i-STRONGER is a novel, high-intensity resistance training approach that incorporates progressive resistance training to promote greater improvements in patient function compared to usual care. To inform large-scale expansion of i-STRONGER as standard-of-care in SNFs, this mixed-methods study assessed rehabilitation providers' perceptions of i-STRONGER and purported needs for its adoption.

Methods: Forty-three rehabilitation providers participated in an 18-week, interactive i-STRONGER training program.

Metabolic and Bariatric Operation and the Path to Kidney Transplantation.

Background: Obesity is a significant barrier to kidney transplantation for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We aimed to evaluate the long-term impact of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) on kidney transplantation access and outcomes in individuals with obesity and ESRD patients.

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study using data from 64 US healthcare organizations included 132,989 individuals with obesity (BMI ≥30kg/m²) and ESRD requiring dialysis, of whom 6,263 (4.

Concurrent Validity and Reliability of In-Person and Supervised Remote STEADI Fall Risk Assessment in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Background And Purpose: Physical therapists play a vital role in preventing and managing falls in older adults. With advancements in digital health and technology, community fall prevention programs need to adopt valid and reliable telehealth-based assessments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the telehealth-based timed up and go (TUG) test, 30-second chair stand test (30s-CST), and four-stage (4-stage) balance test as functional components of the Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries (STEADI) fall risk assessment.

The efficacy and effectiveness of customized CAD/CAM brackets in fixed orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Recent advancements in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology have led to the development of customized brackets for personalized treatment.

Objective: Comparing customized CAD/CAM brackets for their efficacy and effectiveness in orthodontic patients using systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.

Search Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane's CENTRAL up to June 2024, with no language or date restrictions.

Modeling dosimetric benefits from daily adaptive RT for gynecological cancer patients with and without knowledge-based dose prediction.

Purpose: Daily online adaptive radiotherapy (ART) improves dose metrics for gynecological cancer patients, but the on-treatment process is resource-intensive requiring longer appointments and additional time from the entire adaptive team. To optimize resource allocation, we propose a model to identify high-priority patients.

Methods: For 49 retrospective cervical and endometrial cancer patients, we calculated two initial plans: the treated standard-of-care (Initial) and a reduced margin initial plan (Initial) for adapting with the Ethos treatment planning system.

A neuropathology case report of a woman with Down syndrome who remained cognitively stable: Implications for resilience to neuropathology.

Introduction: Aging adults with Down syndrome (DS) accumulate Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology, including amyloid beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, by age 40.

Methods: We present findings from an individual with DS who remained cognitively stable despite AD neuropathology. Clinical assessments, fluid biomarkers, neuroimaging, and neuropathological examinations were conducted to characterize her condition.

Postprandial time in tight range with faster insulin aspart compared with standard insulin aspart in youth with type 1 diabetes using automated insulin delivery.

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess postprandial glycaemic outcomes using automated insulin delivery with faster acting insulin aspart (FIA) or standard insulin aspart (SIA) over 4 weeks in youth (aged 10-18 years) with type 1 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: We undertook a secondary analysis of postprandial glycaemic outcomes from a double-blind, randomised, crossover study comparing FIA to SIA using an investigational version of MiniMed™ 780G. Endpoints included postprandial time in tight range (70-140 mg/dL; TITR), postprandial glucose excursions and peak glucose, and incremental area under curve (iAUC).

Association of rapid eye movement sleep latency with multimodal biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Sleep disturbances are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), but the relationship between sleep architecture, particularly rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and AD/ADRD biomarkers remains unclear.

Methods: We enrolled 128 adults (64 with Alzheimer's disease, 41 with mild cognitive impairment [MCI], and 23 with normal cognition [NC]), mean age 70.8 ± 9.

Association of depression dimensions with cognitive functioning in community-dwelling oldest old adults: The LifeAfter90 study.

Objectives: The oldest old adults (90+) constitute the fastest growing demographic at highest dementia risk among older adults. Depression, a common risk factor, inherently presents with heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Here, we explored the associations of the predominant depression dimensions with cognition in the LifeAfter90 study.

An unsupervised learning approach for clustering joint trajectories of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: An application to ADNI Data.

Introduction: Current models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression assume a common pattern and pathology, oversimplifying the heterogeneity of clinical AD.

Methods: We define a syndrome as a unique biomarker progression pattern and develop a lag measure to cluster pre-dementia individuals, reflecting their pathology's multi-dimensionality. The technique uses the time-ordering of events to group individuals based on their position along the disease process and the relative positions of their markers.

Offspring education and cognitive health: A comparison between Hispanic and White older adults in the United States.

Introduction: We compared the relationship between offspring education and cognitive health outcomes among Hispanic and White adults.

Methods: We used data from Hispanic and White (1998-2018) United States (US) Health and Retirement Study (HRS) participants (n = 17,484). We assessed cognitive function and decline using episodic memory scores in linear mixed models and incident cognitive impairment with no dementia (CIND) or probable dementia using the Langa-Weir 27-point-scale in Cox proportional hazards models.

New approaches in childhood IgE-mediated food allergy treatment.

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to provide an overview of the current and future treatment options for children with food allergies (FAs), highlighting the latest research findings and the potential impact of these new approaches on improving patients' and caregivers' quality of life.

Recent Findings: In the last decade, many promising approaches have emerged as an alternative to the standard avoidance of the culprit food with the risk of severe accidental reactions. Desensitization through oral immunotherapy has been introduced in clinical settings as a therapeutic approach, and more recently also omalizumab.

VAX014 Activates Tumor-Intrinsic STING and RIG-I to Promote the Development of Antitumor Immunity.

In situ immunization (ISI) has emerged as a promising approach to bolster early phases of the cancer immunity cycle through improved T cell priming. One class of ISI agents, oncolytic viruses (OVs), has demonstrated clinical activity, but overall benefit remains limited. Mounting evidence suggests that due to their inherent vulnerability to antiviral effects of type I interferon (IFN), OVs have limited activity in solid tumors expressing stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and/or retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I).

PALMS: Plane-based Accessible Indoor Localization Using Mobile Smartphones.

In this paper, we present PALMS, an innovative indoor global localization and relocalization system for mobile smartphones that utilizes publicly available floor plans. Unlike most vision-based methods that require constant visual input, our system adopts a dynamic form of localization that considers a single instantaneous observation and odometry data. The core contribution of this work is the introduction of a particle filter initialization method that leverages the Certainly Empty Space (CES) constraint along with principal orientation matching.

Robust Indoor Pedestrian Backtracking Using Magnetic Signatures and Inertial Data.

Navigating unfamiliar environments can be challenging for visually impaired individuals due to difficulties in recognizing distant landmarks or visual cues. This work focuses on a particular form of wayfinding, specifically backtracking a previously taken path, which can be useful for blind pedestrians. We propose a hands-free indoor navigation solution using a smartphone without relying on pre-existing maps or external infrastructure.

Role of imaging in the diagnosis and management of mixed epithelial and stromal tumors of the kidney: Case series and comprehensive review.

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor (MEST) of the kidney is a rare benign neoplasm composed of both stromal and epithelial components. MEST is mainly seen in adults with a strong predilection for perimenopausal women with history of hormone replacement therapy. While MEST is generally benign, there are reported cases of malignant transformation and adverse clinical outcomes.

Primitive to visceral endoderm maturation is essential for mouse epiblast survival beyond implantation.

The implantation of the mouse blastocyst initiates a complex sequence of tissue remodeling and cell differentiation events required for morphogenesis, during which the extraembryonic primitive endoderm transitions into the visceral endoderm. Through single-cell RNA sequencing of embryos at embryonic day 5.0, shortly after implantation, we reveal that this transition is driven by dynamic signaling activities, notably the upregulation of BMP signaling and a transient increase in Sox7 expression.

Scientific mapping of the nexus between entrepreneurial orientation and environmental sustainability: bibliometric analysis.

Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and environmental sustainability (ES) has recently become the subject of extensive research. The objective of this paper is to comprehensively analyze of EO and ES by conducting a bibliometric network and systematic review analysis of over ten years of publications. A total of 390 articles were identified using the Scopus and Mendeley search engines.

Alcohol use and HIV suppression after completion of financial incentives for alcohol abstinence and isoniazid adherence: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: In a recent randomized trial, six months of financial incentives contingent for recent alcohol abstinence led to lower levels of hazardous drinking, while incentives for recent isoniazid (INH) ingestion had no impact on INH adherence, during TB preventive therapy among persons with HIV (PWH). Whether the short-term incentives influence long-term alcohol use and HIV viral suppression post-intervention is unknown.

Methods: We analyzed twelve-month HIV viral suppression and alcohol use in the Drinkers' Intervention to Prevent Tuberculosis study, a randomized controlled trial among PWH with latent TB and unhealthy alcohol use in south-western Uganda.