FT538, iPSC-derived NK cells, enhance AML cell killing when combined with chemotherapy.

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived natural killer (NK) cells offer an opportunity for a standardized, off-the-shelf treatment with the potential to treat a wider population of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients than the current standard of care. FT538 iPSC-NKs express a high-affinity, noncleavable CD16 to maximize antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity, a CD38 knockout to improve metabolic fitness, and an IL-15/IL-15 receptor fusion preventing the need for cytokine administration, the main source of adverse effects in NK cell-based therapies. Here, we sought to evaluate the potential of FT538 iPSC-NKs as a therapy for AML through their effect on AML cell lines and primary AML cells.

Comparison of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate and sodium polystyrene sulfonate in the treatment of acute hyperkalaemia.

Objective: Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) have been used for treating acute hyperkalaemia. The pharmacodynamic properties of SZC suggest greater theoretical utility in the acute setting than SPS, but there is no clear guidance on an optimal potassium binder. This study evaluated the efficacy of SZC and SPS in the treatment of acute hyperkalaemia.

Inpatient Hospitalizations for COVID-19 Among Patients With Prader-Willi Syndrome: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis.

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder associated with baseline respiratory impairment caused by multiple contributing etiologies. While this may be expected to increase the risk of severe COVID-19 infections in PWS patients, survey studies have suggested paradoxically low disease severity. To better characterize the course of COVID-19 infection in patients with PWS, this study analyses the outcomes of hospitalizations for COVID-19 among patients with and without PWS.

Young Children's and Caregivers' Evaluations About Household Helping: Balancing the Interests of Helper and Recipient.

Young children's helping can benefit both recipient and helper. This study examined how children and caregivers incorporate helper and recipient interests in evaluations of household helping. Data were collected throughout 2022.

"Listening to understand," exploring postpartum women's perceptions of their social networks and social support in relation to their health behaviors and weight: A qualitative exploratory study.

Background: Postpartum is a critical period to interrupt weight gain across the lifespan, decrease weight-related risk in future pregnancies, promote healthy behaviors that are often adopted during pregnancy, and improve long-term health. Because the postpartum period is marked by unique challenges to a person's ability to prioritize healthy behaviors, a multi-level/domain approach to intervention beyond the individual-level factors of diet and activity is needed.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to understand postpartum people's perceptions about the relationship between their social networks and support, and their health behaviors and weight.

Emergency department and inpatient interhospital transfers for patients with status epilepticus.

Objective: Interhospital transfers for status epilepticus (SE) are common, and some are avoidable and likely lower yield. The use of interhospital transfer may differ in emergency department (ED) and inpatient settings, which contend with differing clinical resources and financial incentives. However, transfer from these two settings is understudied, leaving gaps in our ability to improve the hospital experience, cost, and triage for this neurologic emergency.

Transosseous Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon Transfer for Large Achilles Tendon Defects: Surgery Technique and Outcome.

Background: Operative management of chronic Achilles tendinopathy with large defects can be surgically challenging. Concerns exist regarding transosseous transfer of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon because of the shortened lever arm of flexion and weakening of the big toe. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the 2-year outcome of transosseous FHL transfer for the treatment of large Achilles tendon defects.

Protocol for a 1-year randomised, controlled, parallel group, open-label trial on the effects and feasibility of time-restricted eating in individuals with type 2 diabetes- The Restricted Eating Time in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (RESET2) trial.

Aim: Time-restricted eating (TRE) limits the time for food intake to typically 6-10 h/day without other dietary restrictions. The aim of the RESET2 (the REStricted Eating Time in the treatment of type 2 diabetes) trial is to investigate the effects on glycaemic control (HbA) and the feasibility of a 1-year TRE intervention in individuals with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present paper is to describe the protocol for the RESET2 trial.

Current Burden of Lean Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Among US Adults, 2017-2023.

Our study investigated the prevalence of lean steatotic liver disease (SLD) and its subcategories, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction-related and alcohol-related SLD (MetALD), and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) among lean adults in the US. Analysing data from 2965 lean adults (≥ 18 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017-2023), we found the age-adjusted prevalence of lean SLD to be 12.8%.

Arthroscopy Is at Least as Effective as Arthrotomy for Treatment of Septic Arthritis in Adults: A Systematic Review of Large and Intermediate Joints.

Background: Surgical options for septic arthritis include open arthrotomy or an arthroscopic procedure. The optimal surgical technique remains a matter of debate as acceptable results have been reported for both.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of arthroscopy versus arthrotomy for the treatment of septic arthritis in large and intermediate-sized joints.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Weight Loss in Male and Female Active-duty Service Members: A Weight Management Study.

Background: Overweight and obesity are critical public health concerns with relevance to U.S. military personnel, as active duty service members must meet physical fitness and body composition standards.

A meta-analysis of eHealth interventions to promote physical activity in young, middle-aged, and late middle-aged adults with obesity or overweight.

The purpose of this study was to calculate the effects of recent eHealth interventions to promote physical activity in young, middle-aged, and late middle-aged adults with obesity or overweight. This meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. In the search, 3550 articles were identified, and 15 studies met all inclusion criteria.

Distinct Transmission of Left- and Right-Handed Magnon Modes in Compensated Ferrimagnet/Antiferromagnet Structures.

The chirality of magnons, exhibiting left- and right-handed polarizations analogous to the counterparts of spin-up and spin-down, has emerged as a promising paradigm for information processing. However, the potential of this paradigm is constrained by the controllable excitation and transmission of chiral magnons. Here, the magnon transmission is explored in the GdFeO/NiO/Pt structures.

Cold Surface Waters of the Sub-Antarctic Pacific Ocean Support High Cyanophage Abundances and Infection Levels.

Cyanobacterial distributions are shaped by abiotic factors including temperature, light and nutrient availability as well as biotic factors such as grazing and viral infection. In this study, we investigated the abundances of T4-like and T7-like cyanophages and the extent of picocyanobacterial infection in the cold, high-nutrient-low-chlorophyll, sub-Antarctic waters of the southwest Pacific Ocean during austral spring. Synechococcus was the dominant picocyanobacterium, ranging from 4.

Analysis of healthcare utilization before the diagnosis of radiologically isolated syndrome.

Background: Previous studies have shown that people with multiple sclerosis (MS) had frequent healthcare visits up to 10 years before being diagnosed but with no information from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the connection with the radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS).

Objective: To analyze healthcare use 3 years before the RIS diagnosis.

Methods: We examined healthcare usage before the first scan in RIS cases from 2010 to 2019.

Quantifying the Deficits of Body Water and Monovalent Cations in Hyperglycemic Emergencies.

Hyperglycemic emergencies cause significant losses of body water, sodium, and potassium. This report presents a method for computing the actual losses of water and monovalent cations in these emergencies. We developed formulas for computing the losses of water and monovalent cations as a function of the presenting serum sodium and glucose levels, the sum of the concentrations of sodium plus potassium in the lost fluids, and body water at the time of hyperglycemia presentation as measured by bioimpedance or in the initial euglycemic state as estimated by anthropometric formulas.

Differential Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Cancer Risk in Obesity: A Nationwide Analysis of 1.1 Million Patients.

: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have demonstrated significant efficacy in obesity treatment beyond their original development for type-2 diabetes management. This comprehensive study investigated the relationship between GLP-1RA use and cancer incidence in individuals with obesity across a 5-year follow-up period. : We conducted a large-scale cohort study using the TriNetX US Collaborative Network database (2013-2023) examining adult patients with obesity.

Modulation of Tumor-Associated Macrophages to Overcome Immune Suppression in the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Microenvironment.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major global health issue characterized by poor prognosis and complex tumor biology. One of the critical components of the HCC tumor microenvironment (TME) is tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which play a pivotal role in modulating tumor growth, immune evasion, and metastasis. Macrophages are divided into two major subtypes: pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2, both of which may exist in TME with altered function and proportion.

The Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Stage at Diagnosis of Melanoma Patients: A Retrospective Study.

Background: This study addresses the lack of research on Medicaid expansion's impact on melanoma staging, treatment utilization, and outcomes by evaluating its effects under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), particularly focusing on staging at diagnosis, treatment use, and 3-year mortality outcomes. The objective is to determine whether Medicaid expansion led to earlier melanoma diagnosis and improved survival rates among non-elderly adults (ages 40-64) by analyzing data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

Methods: A total of 12,667 patients, aged 40-64, diagnosed with melanoma from 2010 to 2020 were identified using the NCDB.

Beyond the Burn: Leukemia Threats Following Radioactive Iodine Ablation Therapy for Thyroid Cancer.

Radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation therapy is a common minimally invasive treatment for patients diagnosed with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Although previous studies have identified a link between RAI and the mortality from secondary solid cancers, the connection between RAI and leukemia remains under-researched. This study investigated the differential risk of leukemia and its subtypes in DTC patients following RAI treatment.

Preclinical Models for Functional Precision Lung Cancer Research.

Patient-centered precision oncology strives to deliver individualized cancer care. In lung cancer, preclinical models and technological innovations have become critical in advancing this approach. Preclinical models enable deeper insights into tumor biology and enhance the selection of appropriate systemic therapies across chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapies, antibody-drug conjugates, and emerging investigational treatments.

The Role of YY1 in the Regulation of LAG-3 Expression in CD8 T Cells and Immune Evasion in Cancer: Therapeutic Implications.

The treatment of cancers with immunotherapies has yielded significant milestones in recent years. Amongst these immunotherapeutic strategies, the FDA has approved several checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs), primarily Anti-Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) and Programmed Death Ligand-1/2 (PDL-1/2) monoclonal antibodies, in the treatment of various cancers unresponsive to immune therapeutics. Such treatments resulted in significant clinical responses and the prolongation of survival in a subset of patients.

Exploring the Role of Glycine Metabolism in Coronary Artery Disease: Insights from Human Genetics and Mouse Models.

Circulating glycine levels have been associated with reduced risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in humans but these associations have not been observed in all studies. We evaluated whether the relationship between glycine levels and atherosclerosis was causal using genetic analyses in humans and feeding studies in mice. Serum glycine levels were evaluated for association with risk of CAD in the UK Biobank.