Association of depression dimensions with cognitive functioning in community-dwelling oldest old adults: The LifeAfter90 study.

Objectives: The oldest old adults (90+) constitute the fastest growing demographic at highest dementia risk among older adults. Depression, a common risk factor, inherently presents with heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Here, we explored the associations of the predominant depression dimensions with cognition in the LifeAfter90 study.

An unsupervised learning approach for clustering joint trajectories of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: An application to ADNI Data.

Introduction: Current models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression assume a common pattern and pathology, oversimplifying the heterogeneity of clinical AD.

Methods: We define a syndrome as a unique biomarker progression pattern and develop a lag measure to cluster pre-dementia individuals, reflecting their pathology's multi-dimensionality. The technique uses the time-ordering of events to group individuals based on their position along the disease process and the relative positions of their markers.

Offspring education and cognitive health: A comparison between Hispanic and White older adults in the United States.

Introduction: We compared the relationship between offspring education and cognitive health outcomes among Hispanic and White adults.

Methods: We used data from Hispanic and White (1998-2018) United States (US) Health and Retirement Study (HRS) participants (n = 17,484). We assessed cognitive function and decline using episodic memory scores in linear mixed models and incident cognitive impairment with no dementia (CIND) or probable dementia using the Langa-Weir 27-point-scale in Cox proportional hazards models.

New approaches in childhood IgE-mediated food allergy treatment.

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to provide an overview of the current and future treatment options for children with food allergies (FAs), highlighting the latest research findings and the potential impact of these new approaches on improving patients' and caregivers' quality of life.

Recent Findings: In the last decade, many promising approaches have emerged as an alternative to the standard avoidance of the culprit food with the risk of severe accidental reactions. Desensitization through oral immunotherapy has been introduced in clinical settings as a therapeutic approach, and more recently also omalizumab.

VAX014 Activates Tumor-Intrinsic STING and RIG-I to Promote the Development of Antitumor Immunity.

In situ immunization (ISI) has emerged as a promising approach to bolster early phases of the cancer immunity cycle through improved T cell priming. One class of ISI agents, oncolytic viruses (OVs), has demonstrated clinical activity, but overall benefit remains limited. Mounting evidence suggests that due to their inherent vulnerability to antiviral effects of type I interferon (IFN), OVs have limited activity in solid tumors expressing stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and/or retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I).

PALMS: Plane-based Accessible Indoor Localization Using Mobile Smartphones.

In this paper, we present PALMS, an innovative indoor global localization and relocalization system for mobile smartphones that utilizes publicly available floor plans. Unlike most vision-based methods that require constant visual input, our system adopts a dynamic form of localization that considers a single instantaneous observation and odometry data. The core contribution of this work is the introduction of a particle filter initialization method that leverages the Certainly Empty Space (CES) constraint along with principal orientation matching.

Robust Indoor Pedestrian Backtracking Using Magnetic Signatures and Inertial Data.

Navigating unfamiliar environments can be challenging for visually impaired individuals due to difficulties in recognizing distant landmarks or visual cues. This work focuses on a particular form of wayfinding, specifically backtracking a previously taken path, which can be useful for blind pedestrians. We propose a hands-free indoor navigation solution using a smartphone without relying on pre-existing maps or external infrastructure.

Genomic Resources for the Scuttle Fly : A Model Organism for Comparative Developmental Studies in Flies.

The order Diptera (true flies) holds promise as a model taxon in evolutionary developmental biology due to the inclusion of the model organism, , and the ability to cost-effectively rear many species in laboratories. One of them, the scuttle fly (Phoridae) has been used in evolutionary developmental biology for 30 years and is an excellent phylogenetic intermediate between fruit flies and mosquitoes but remains underdeveloped in genomic resources. Here, we present a chromosome-level assembly and annotation of and transcriptomes of 9 embryonic and 4 postembryonic stages.

Role of imaging in the diagnosis and management of mixed epithelial and stromal tumors of the kidney: Case series and comprehensive review.

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor (MEST) of the kidney is a rare benign neoplasm composed of both stromal and epithelial components. MEST is mainly seen in adults with a strong predilection for perimenopausal women with history of hormone replacement therapy. While MEST is generally benign, there are reported cases of malignant transformation and adverse clinical outcomes.

Primitive to visceral endoderm maturation is essential for mouse epiblast survival beyond implantation.

The implantation of the mouse blastocyst initiates a complex sequence of tissue remodeling and cell differentiation events required for morphogenesis, during which the extraembryonic primitive endoderm transitions into the visceral endoderm. Through single-cell RNA sequencing of embryos at embryonic day 5.0, shortly after implantation, we reveal that this transition is driven by dynamic signaling activities, notably the upregulation of BMP signaling and a transient increase in Sox7 expression.

Scientific mapping of the nexus between entrepreneurial orientation and environmental sustainability: bibliometric analysis.

Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and environmental sustainability (ES) has recently become the subject of extensive research. The objective of this paper is to comprehensively analyze of EO and ES by conducting a bibliometric network and systematic review analysis of over ten years of publications. A total of 390 articles were identified using the Scopus and Mendeley search engines.

Alcohol use and HIV suppression after completion of financial incentives for alcohol abstinence and isoniazid adherence: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: In a recent randomized trial, six months of financial incentives contingent for recent alcohol abstinence led to lower levels of hazardous drinking, while incentives for recent isoniazid (INH) ingestion had no impact on INH adherence, during TB preventive therapy among persons with HIV (PWH). Whether the short-term incentives influence long-term alcohol use and HIV viral suppression post-intervention is unknown.

Methods: We analyzed twelve-month HIV viral suppression and alcohol use in the Drinkers' Intervention to Prevent Tuberculosis study, a randomized controlled trial among PWH with latent TB and unhealthy alcohol use in south-western Uganda.

Study based on bibliometric analysis: potential research trends in fluid management for sepsis.

Objective: To investigate the potential and evolving trends in fluid management for patients with sepsis, utilizing a bibliometric approach.

Methods: Scholarly articles pertaining to fluid therapy for sepsis patients were extracted from the Web of Science (WoS) database as of June 1, 2024. The R software package, "Bibliometrix," was utilized to scrutinize the primary bibliometric attributes and to construct a three-field plot to illustrate the relationships among institutions, nations, and keywords.

A bibliometric and visualization analysis of electrochemical biosensors for early diagnosis of eye diseases.

Electrochemical biosensors can provide an economical, accurate and rapid method for early screening of disease biomarkers in clinical medicine due to their high sensitivity, selectivity, portability, low cost and easy manufacturing, and multiplexing capability. Tear, a fluid naturally secreted by the human body, is not only easily accessible but also contains a great deal of biological information. However, no bibliometric studies focus on applying electrochemical sensors in tear/eye diseases.

Sudden cardiac death associated with fatty liver disease.

Background: Fatty liver disease or steatotic liver disease (SLD) affects 25% of the global population and has been associated with heart disease. However, there is a lack of postmortem studies in the context of sudden cardiac death (SCD).

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between SLD and SCD.

The diversity of Acarosporaceae (Acarosporales, Lecanoromycetes) in California.

, , , and are described from California. is described from California and New Mexico. is reported new for California.

Exploration of degrons and their ability to mediate targeted protein degradation.

Degrons are short amino acid sequences that can facilitate the degradation of protein substrates. They can be classified as either ubiquitin-dependent or -independent based on their interactions with the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). These amino acid sequences are often found in exposed regions of proteins serving as either a tethering point for an interaction with an E3 ligase or initiating signaling for the direct degradation of the protein.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes and myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have shown benefits in improving cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) and may mitigate symptom progression in myocardial infarction (MI). However, their effectiveness in patients with type 2 diabetes and MI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is unclear.

Methods: To identify eligible studies, a comprehensive search of electronic databases, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Embase, was conducted from inception until May 2024.

Investigating a hybrid mixed population leads to recognizing a new species of (Ericaceae).

While investigating the potential for species to hybridize in the mixed populations of Point Sal and Burton Mesa in Santa Barbara County, California, we discovered that from the Nipomo Mesa (San Luis Obispo County), formerly considered a northern population of , are genetically and morphologically distinct. We name this new taxon after the ytt (Northern Chumash language) word for the Nipomo Mesa region. For morphological and molecular analyses, we sampled 54 plants, focusing on , , and from multiple species and comparative single species populations.

Tendon evaluation with ultrashort Echo Time (UTE) MRI: A Systematic Review.

Tendon disease ranks among the leading reasons patients consult their general practitioners, comprising approximately one-third of musculoskeletal appointments. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is regarded as the gold standard for assessing tendons. Due to their short transverse relaxation time (T2), Tendons show up as a signal void in conventional MRI scans, which employ sequences with echo times (TEs) around several milliseconds.

Extracting Thin Film Structures of Energy Materials Using Transformers.

Neutron-Transformer Reflectometry Advanced Computation Engine (), a neural network model using a transformer architecture, is introduced for neutron reflectometry data analysis. It offers fast, accurate initial parameter estimations and efficient refinements, improving efficiency and precision for real-time data analysis of lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction for electrochemical ammonia synthesis, with relevance to other chemical transformations and batteries. Despite limitations in generalizing across systems, it shows promises for the use of transformers as the basis for models that could accelerate traditional approaches to modeling reflectometry data.

A Comparative Environmental Impact Analysis of Screening Tests for Colorectal Cancer.

Background: Healthcare is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions. Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is one of the most widely used healthcare services in the US, indicated for approximately 134 million adults. Recommended screening options include fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) every year, CT colonographies (CTCs) every 5 years, or colonoscopies every 10 years.

Exploring mosquito virome dynamics within São Paulo Zoo: insights into mosquito-virus-environment interactions.

Background: Mosquito-borne diseases have a significant public health threat worldwide, with arboviruses accounting for a high proportion of infectious diseases and mortality annually. Brazil, in particular, has been suffering outbreaks of diseases transmitted by mosquito viruses, notably those of the genus, such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. Against this background, the São Paulo Zoo is an intriguing ecological niche to explore the virome of mosquitoes, potentially shedding light on the dynamics of arbovirus transmission within a confined setting.