The relationship of cultural variables to attitudes toward prescription drug usage among Iranian/Persian Americans.

The present study examined the effects of cultural factors(ethnic identity, acculturation, perceived discrimination, and religiosity), derived from the Multicultural Assessment-Intervention Process (MAIP) model, on attitudes toward prescription drug use among Iranian/Persian Americans across the United States. The study consisted of a final sample of 454 Iranian/Persian American adult participants. The results indicated that Iranian/Persian American attitudes toward prescription drug use are impacted by demographic and cultural factors.

Frequent Alcohol Use of Adolescents in Low-Income Families: Application of the Multiple Disadvantage Model.

Background: This study investigated relationships between low-income adolescent drinkers' frequent alcohol use and five factors: social disorganization, social structural, social integration, mental health, and access to healthcare.

Objective: A sample of 1,256 low-income adolescent drinkers and caregivers were extracted from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study.

Results: Logistic regression yielded results showing adolescent drinkers' weekly drinking to be associated positively with Hispanic adolescents, drinking peers, adolescents' depression/anxiety, and caregiver's daily drinking.

Association between body mass index, obesity, and vulvar cancer recurrence.

Objective: The objective of this paper is to study the association between obesity and tumor recurrence in patients with vulvar cancer.

Methods: This is a retrospective study including vulvar cancer patients from 2003 to 2022. Our primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS) stratified by status of obesity, defined as body mass index (BMI) >30.

Evaluation of the Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Time-Out Checklist: A Simulation Study.

Introduction: The Society for Pediatric Anesthesia Quality and Safety Committee developed the Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Time-Out Checklist, consisting of 14 safety items intended to be reviewed by an anesthesia team prior to a regional anesthetic. Primarily, we hypothesized that use of this Checklist would increase the number of safety items performed compared with no checklist, evaluating the usefulness of this tool. Secondarily, we hypothesized that, after checklist training, subjects would show better clinical judgment by electing to perform a regional anesthetic in scenarios in which no programmed error existed and electing to not perform a regional anesthetic in scenarios in which a programmed error did exist.

Probability of Achieving Bone Mineral Density Treatment Goals with Denosumab Treatment in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis.

Bone mineral density (BMD) levels achieved on osteoporosis treatment are predictive of subsequent fracture risk, and T-score > -2.5 has been proposed as a minimum treatment target for women with osteoporosis. Knowing the likelihood of attaining target T-scores with different medications for different baseline BMD levels can help determine appropriate initial treatment for individual patients.

Impact of Combined Antiretroviral Treatment (cART) on Latent Cytomegalovirus Infection.

Cytomegalovirus infections and reactivations are more frequent in people living with HIV (PLWH) and have been associated with increased risk of HIV progression and immunosenescence. We explored the impact of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) on latent CMV infection in 225 young adults parenterally infected with HIV during childhood. Anti-CMV IgG antibodies were present in 93.

Effect of Fusion to the LTB Carrier Protein on Coronavirus Spike Protein Vaccine Candidates Produced in Maize.

Coronaviruses continue to disrupt health and economic productivity worldwide. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a devastating swine disease and SARS-CoV-2 is the latest coronavirus to infect the human population. Both viruses display a similar spike protein on the surface that is a target of vaccine development.

Identifying Allosteric Small-Molecule Binding Sites of Inactive NS2B-NS3 Proteases of Pathogenic .

Dengue, West Nile, Zika, Yellow fever, and Japanese encephalitis viruses persist as significant global health threats. The development of new therapeutic strategies based on inhibiting essential viral enzymes or viral-host protein interactions is problematic due to the fast mutation rate and rapid emergence of drug resistance. This study focuses on the NS2B-NS3 protease as a promising target for antiviral drug development.

Correction: Razzaq et al. Development of Cephradine-Loaded Gelatin/Polyvinyl Alcohol Electrospun Nanofibers for Effective Diabetic Wound Healing: In-Vitro and In-Vivo Assessments. 2021, , 349.

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Evolutionary Trajectories of Shoots vs. Roots: Plant Volatile Metabolomes Are Richer but Less Structurally Diverse Belowground in the Tropical Tree Genus .

The breadth and depth of plant leaf metabolomes have been implicated in key interactions with plant enemies aboveground. In particular, divergence in plant species chemical composition-amongst neighbors, relatives, or both-is often suggested as a means of escape from insect herbivore enemies. Plants also experience strong pressure from enemies such as belowground pathogens; however, little work has been carried out to examine the evolutionary trajectories of species' specialized chemistries in both roots and leaves.

Adherence and Body Weight with Daily Avocado Consumption Among Latina Women of the Habitual Diet and Avocado Trial (HAT).

The aim of this study was to examine the adherence, changes in weight, and, waist circumference associated with the daily consumption of a culturally preferred food, namely an avocado, among Hispanic/Latina females in the Habitual Diet and Avocado Trial (HAT). HAT was a multisite, randomized controlled trial conducted between 2018 and 2020. Participants in the Avocado-Supplemented Diet Group were provided with and instructed to consume one avocado/day (~2.

A Pilot Study Exploring the Relationship Between Milk Composition and Microbial Capacity in Breastfed Infants.

Background: Maternal obesity may contribute to childhood obesity in a myriad of ways, including through alterations of the infant gut microbiome. For example, maternal obesity may contribute both directly by introducing a dysbiotic microbiome to the infant and indirectly through the altered composition of human milk that fuels the infant gut microbiome. In particular, indigestible human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are known to shape the composition of the infant gut microbiome.

Improving Cooking Skills, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Clinical Outcomes for Adults at Risk for Cardiometabolic Disease: Protocol for a Randomized Teaching Kitchen Multisite Trial (TK-MT).

Background/objectives: This protocol describes a study to investigate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a novel Teaching Kitchen Multisite Trial (TK-MT) for adults with cardiometabolic abnormalities. The TK-MT protocol describes a hybrid lifestyle intervention combining in-person and virtual instruction in culinary skills, nutrition education, movement, and mindfulness with community support and behavior change strategies. This 18-month-long randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the feasibility of implementing a 12-month, 24 class program, assess preliminary study efficacy, and identify barriers and facilitators to implementation.

Urinary Fluoride Levels Among Youth in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016: Potential Differences According to Race.

Background/objectives: Urinary fluoride (UF) is the most well-established biomarker for fluoride exposure, and understanding its distribution can inform risk assessment for potential adverse systemic health effects. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report distributions of UF among youth according to sociodemographic factors in a nationally representative United States (US) sample.

Methods: The study included 1191 children aged 6-11 years and 1217 adolescents aged 12-19 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016.

Associations of Maternal Prenatal Zinc Consumption with Infant Brain Tissue Organization and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes.

Background/objectives: While studies in rat pups suggest that early zinc exposure is critical for optimal brain structure and function, associations of prenatal zinc intake with measures of brain development in infants are unknown. This study aimed to assess the associations of maternal zinc intake during pregnancy with MRI measures of brain tissue microstructure and neurodevelopmental outcomes, as well as to determine whether MRI measures of the brain mediated the relationship between maternal zinc intake and neurodevelopmental indices.

Methods: Forty-one adolescent mothers were recruited for a longitudinal study during pregnancy.

Identification of Two Flavonoids as New and Safe Inhibitors of Kynurenine Aminotransferase II via Computational and In Vitro Study.

Kynurenine aminotransferase II (KAT-II) is a target for treating several diseases characterized by an excess of kynurenic acid (KYNA). Although KAT-II inactivators are available, they often lead to adverse side effects due to their irreversible inhibition mechanism. This study aimed to identify potent and safe inhibitors of KAT-II using computational and in vitro approaches.

Serovars from the C-Complex and the B- and C-Related Complexes Are Significantly More Pathogenic than Those from the B-Complex in C3H/HeN but Not in BALB/c Mice.

Studies in humans indicate that certain serovars are more pathogenic than others. Specifically, several studies concluded that serovars from the C-complex are more pathogenic than those from the B-complex, although there are reports that do not support this finding. To investigate these results in an animal model, the eight genitourinary serovars were tested in two strains of mice: C3H/HeN and BALB/c.

Molecular Markers for the Phylogenetic Reconstruction of : A Quantitative Review.

is the parasite responsible for Chagas disease, which has a significant amount of genetic diversification among the species complex. Many efforts are routinely made to characterize the genetic lineages of circulating in a particular geographic area. However, the genetic loci used to typify the genetic lineages of have not been consistent between studies.

Influence of Aging and Immune Alterations on Susceptibility to Pneumococcal Pneumonia in the Elderly.

Pneumonia is a common respiratory infection affecting individuals of all ages, with a significantly higher incidence among the elderly. As the aging population grows, pneumonia is expected to become an increasingly critical health concern. In non-institutionalized elderly individuals, the annual incidence ranges from 25 to 44 per 1000, approximately four times higher than in those under 65.

Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-Based Lock-In Amplifier System with Signal Enhancement: A Comprehensive Review on the Design for Advanced Measurement Applications.

Lock-in amplifiers (LIAs) are critical tools in precision measurement, particularly for applications involving weak signals obscured by noise. Advances in signal processing algorithms and hardware synthesis have enabled accurate signal extraction, even in extremely noisy environments, making LIAs indispensable in sensor applications for healthcare, industry, and other services. For instance, the electrical impedance measurement of the human body, organs, tissues, and cells, known as bioelectrical impedance, is commonly used in biomedical and healthcare applications because it is non-invasive and relatively inexpensive.

Novel Visualization of Building Earthquake Response Recorded by a Dense Network of Sensors.

The strong motion records collected in full-scale structures provide the ultimate evidence of how real structures, in situ, respond to earthquakes. This paper presents a novel method for visualization, in three dimensions (3D), of the collective motion by a dense array of sensors in a building. The method is based on one- and two-dimensional biharmonic spline interpolation of the motion recorded by multiple sensors on the same or multiple floors.

Application of Additive Manufacturing and Deep Learning in Exercise State Discrimination.

With the rapid development of sports technology, smart wearable devices play a crucial role in athletic training and health management. Sports fatigue is a key factor affecting athletic performance. Using smart wearable devices to detect the onset of fatigue can optimize training, prevent excessive fatigue and resultant injury, and increase efficiency and safety.

Robotically Assisted vs. Manual Total Hip Arthroplasty in Developmental Hip Dysplasia: A Comparative Analysis of Radiological and Functional Outcomes.

: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), defined by the malalignment of the femoral head and acetabulum, is a major precursor to coxarthrosis, posing substantial challenges during total hip arthroplasty (THA). Patients with coxarthrosis secondary to DDH often exhibit acetabular bone insufficiency, which makes challenging surgical reconstruction difficult. This study aimed to compare the radiologic and functional outcomes of robotically assisted and conventional manual THA techniques in patients with coxarthrosis secondary to Crowe type III-IV DDH.