Heterogeneity of Apolipoprotein B Levels Among Hispanic or Latino Individuals Residing in the US.

Importance: Apolipoprotein B (apoB) distribution and its implications as an atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk-enhancing factor among individuals of diverse Hispanic or Latino backgrounds have not been described.

Objective: To describe the distribution of apoB in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) cohort and to characterize associations of baseline sociodemographic and clinical variables with apoB and self-identified Hispanic or Latino background.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The HCHS/SOL was a prospective, population-based cohort study of diverse Hispanic or Latino adults living in the US who were recruited and screened between March 2008 and June 2011.

Double CHEK2 Pathogenic and Low-Risk Variants and Associated Cancer Phenotypes.

Importance: CHEK2 pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants (PVs) are common, and low-risk (LR) variants, p.I157T, p.S428F, and p.

Parent-Targeted Oral Health Text Messaging for Underserved Children Attending Pediatric Clinics: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Caries is the most common chronic childhood disease, with substantial health disparities.

Objective: To test whether parent-targeted oral health text (OHT) messages outperform child wellness text (CWT) messages on pediatric caries increment and oral health behaviors among underserved children attending pediatric well-child visits.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The parallel randomized clinical trial, Interactive Parent-Targeted Text Messaging in Pediatric Clinics to Reduce Caries Among Urban Children (iSmile), included participants who were recruited during pediatric medical clinic visits at 4 sites in Boston, Massachusetts, that serve low-income and racially and ethnically diverse (herein, underserved) populations.

Cardiovascular Disease and Breast Cancer Stage at Diagnosis.

Importance: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are the leading causes of mortality in the US. Large-scale population-based and mechanistic studies support a direct effect of CVD on accelerated tumor growth and spread, specifically in breast cancer.

Objective: To assess whether individuals presenting with advanced breast cancers are more likely to have prevalent CVD compared with those with early-stage breast cancers at the time of diagnosis.

Validating Rules for Defining No Improvement of Visual Acuity in Childhood Amblyopia.

Purpose: When treating amblyopia, it is important to define when visual acuity (VA) is no longer improving (i.e., stable) because treatment decisions may be altered based on this determination.

How community connection, homophobia, and racism shape gene expression in sexual minority men with and without HIV.

Objective: Although sexual minority men experience substantial discrimination, in addition to increased risk for several serious mental and somatic health problems, the biological mechanisms underlying these effects are unclear. To address this issue, we examined how experiences of social safety (i.e.

Resistance training protects the hippocampus and precuneus against atrophy and benefits white matter integrity in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) refers to cognitive alterations with preservation of functionality. Individuals with this diagnosis have a higher risk of developing dementia. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as physical exercise, are beneficial for the cognition of this population.

Programmable Food-Derived Peptide Coassembly Strategies for Boosting Targeted Colitis Therapy by Enhancing Oral Bioavailability and Restoring Gut Microenvironment Homeostasis.

Orally targeting nanostrategies of multiple nutraceuticals have attracted increasing attention in ulcerative colitis (UC) therapy for superior patient compliance, cost-effectiveness, and biocompatibility. However, the actual targeting delivery and bioefficacy of nutraceuticals are extremely restricted by their poor solubility, interior gastrointestinal retention, and base permeability. Herein, we developed controllable colon-targeting nanoparticles (NPs) composed of a quaternary ammonium chitosan (HTCC) shell and succinic acid-modified γ-cyclodextrin (SACD) core for precise UC treatment.

Adherence to positive airway pressure therapy in patients with Down syndrome: assessing cloud based monitoring data.

Study Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in Down syndrome (DS) with many patients prescribed positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy. This study evaluates PAP adherence and identifies factors influencing adherence.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of electronic health records and cloud-based PAP therapy data from DS patients at Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA.

Families of adults with idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy: psychosocial impact and contribution to symptom management.

Study Objectives: This study examined the impact of central disorders of hypersomnolence (CDH) on family members of adult patients, the ways family members assist with managing CDH, and family members' utilization and satisfaction with information and support.

Methods: Participants were adults (N=100) with an adult family member diagnosed with idiopathic hypersomnia or narcolepsy. They completed a survey which included the Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16), checklists, satisfaction ratings, and open-response questions.

Role of mouse adenovirus type 1 E4orf6-induced degradation of protein kinase R in pathogenesis.

Protein kinase R (PKR) is an interferon-induced antiviral protein activated by autophosphorylation in response to double strand DNA (dsRNA) and other stimuli. Activated PKR causes translation inhibition and apoptosis, and it contributes to proinflammatory responses, cell growth, and differentiation. Mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) counteracts PKR by causing its degradation via a viral protein, early region 4 open reading frame 6 (E4orf6).

Microbial hauberks: composition and function of surface layer proteins in gammaproteobacterial methanotrophs.

Unlabelled: Many species of proteobacterial methane-consuming bacteria (methanotrophs) form a hauberk-like envelope represented by a surface (S-) layer protein (SLP) matrix. While several proteins were predicted to be associated with the cell surface, the composition and function of the hauberk matrix remained elusive. Here, we report the identification of the genes encoding the hauberk-forming proteins in two gamma-proteobacterial (Type I) methanotrophs, 5GB1 (EQU24_15540) and 20Z (MEALZ_0971 and MEALZ_0972).

Patient- and Provider-Perceived Barriers to Reconstructive Surgery for Patients With Upper Limb Spasticity.

Purpose: The benefits of upper-extremity reconstructive surgery for patients with spastic deformities are well documented, but a small portion of eligible patients undergo surgery. We sought to determine perceptions of upper-extremity reconstructive surgery among brain injury patients and nonsurgical providers to identify potential barriers to surgical evaluation.

Methods: Electronic medical records at a referral center were reviewed for patients diagnosed with upper limb spasticity following brain injury.

Physician Experiences With Implementing a Virtual Observation Unit in Emergency Medicine.

Study Objective: Physician experiences with new care models like the virtual observation unit in emergency departments (EDs) can offer important insights. Virtual observation unit leverages telehealth, remote monitoring, and mobile integrated health to enable home-based ED-level care. We explored physicians' experience with delivering care in the virtual observation unit and perceived effect of this new model.

TOP1 Mutations and Cross-Resistance to Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Purpose: Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) harboring topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitor payloads have improved survival for patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, knowledge of ADC resistance mechanisms and potential impact on sequential use of ADCs is limited. Here, we report the incidence and characterization of TOP1 mutations arising in the setting of ADC resistance in MBC.

Decomposition of the pangenome matrix reveals a structure in gene distribution in the species.

Unlabelled: Thousands of complete genome sequences for strains of a species that are now available enable the advancement of pangenome analytics to a new level of sophistication. We collected 2,377 publicly available complete genomes of for detailed pangenome analysis. The core genome and accessory genomes consisted of 2,398 and 5,182 genes, respectively.