Apixaban to Prevent Covert Infarcts After Cryptogenic Stroke in Patients With Atrial Cardiopathy: A Secondary Analysis of the ARCADIA Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: In the Atrial Cardiopathy and Antithrombotic Drugs in Prevention After Cryptogenic Stroke (ARCADIA) randomized clinical trial, anticoagulation did not prevent recurrent stroke among patients with a recent cryptogenic stroke and atrial cardiopathy. It is unknown whether anticoagulation prevents covert infarcts in this population.

Objective: To test the use of apixaban vs aspirin for prevention of nonlacunar covert infarcts after cryptogenic stroke in patients with atrial cardiopathy.

Trends in Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates.

Importance: Incidence of distant stage prostate cancer is increasing in the United States. Research is needed to understand trends by social and geographic factors.

Objective: To examine trends in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates in California by stage, age, race and ethnicity, and region.

Neural Correlates of the Musicianship Advantage to the Cocktail Party Effect.

Prior research has indicated musicians show an auditory processing advantage in phonemic processing of language. The aim of the current study was to elucidate when in the auditory cortical processing stream this advantage emerges in a cocktail-party-like environment. Participants (n = 34) were aged 18-35 years and deemed to be either a musician (10+-year experience) or nonmusician (no formal training).

Impact of Race/Ethnicity on Clinical and Genomic Characteristics, Trial Participation, and Genotype-Matched Therapy among Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Background: Race/ethnicity may affect outcomes in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) due to biological and social determinants. We evaluated the impact of race/ethnicity on clinical, socioeconomic, and genomic characteristics, clinical trial participation, and receipt of genotype-matched therapy among patients with MBC.

Methods: A retrospective study of patients with MBC who underwent cell-free DNA testing (cfDNA, Guardant360â, 74 gene panel) between 11/2016 and 11/2020 was conducted.

Entomopathogenic Nematode Species Vary in Their Behavior and Virulence in Response to Cardiac Glycosides Within and Around Insect Hosts.

Plants produce defensive toxins to deter herbivores. In response, some specialized herbivores evolved resistance and even the capacity to sequester toxins, affecting interactions at higher trophic levels. Here, we test the hypothesis that potential natural enemies of specialized herbivores are differentially affected by plant toxins depending on their level of adaptation to the plant-herbivore system.

Anterior communicating aneurysm clipping: How I do it.

Up to 40% of intracranial aneurysms arise from the anterior cerebral artery and anterior communicating artery (ACA-ACoA) complex. The vast variability of vessel anomalies and the surrounding critical structures correlate with severe morbidity and mortality rates in case of rupture. In the era of cutting-edge advantages of endovascular procedures, surgical expertise is reducing.

Subtypes of Insulin Restriction in Diabetes Management: A Systematic Review.

Purpose Of Review: Insulin restriction is commonly studied as a form of disordered eating, but people may restrict insulin for many reasons. This systematic review examined how insulin restriction has been conceptualized and measured, and its associated predictors and outcomes.

Recent Findings: Forty-seven unique articles measured non-specified insulin restriction (IR), insulin restriction specifically for weight control (IRWC), or both.

Evaluation of Accuracy and Safety of the 365-Day Implantable Eversense Continuous Glucose Monitoring System: The ENHANCE Study.

The implanted Eversense Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) System transitioned from 90- to 180- to 365-day durations marketed today. This report summarizes the 365-day clinical study. ENHANCE was a prospective, multicenter study evaluating the accuracy and safety of the Eversense 365 CGM system through 1 year in adults with diabetes.

Strain-release trifluoromethoxylation and pentafluorosulfanoxylation of [1.1.0]bicyclobutanes: expanded access to fluorinated cyclobutane hybrid bioisosteres.

Methods for formal bromo-trifluoromethoxylation and bromo-pentafluorosulfanoxylation of [1.1.0]bicyclobutanes using AgOCF or AgOSF and 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin are disclosed.

Horizontal Gaze Tolerance and Its Effects on Visual Sensitivity in Glaucoma.

Purpose: This study evaluates the effect of 6° horizontal gaze tolerance on visual field mean sensitivity (MS) in patients with glaucoma using a binocular head-mounted automated perimeter, following findings of structural changes in the posterior globe from magnetic resonance imaging and optical coherence tomography.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 161 eyes (85 primary open-angle glaucoma [POAG] and 76 healthy) from 117 participants were included. Logistic regression and 1:1 matched analysis assessed the propensity score for glaucoma and healthy eyes, considering age, sex, and axial length as confounders.

Case Report: ESR1::CITED2 Fusion in a Malignant Uterine Tumor Resembling Ovarian Sex Cord Tumor.

Uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCT) is a rare, typically benign uterine tumor occurring over a wide age range (mean 52.4 yr). UTROSCTs often harbor translocations between ESR1 and nuclear receptor coactivators NCOA1-NCOA3.

Photochemical Evolution of Alanine in Association with the Martian Soil Analog Montmorillonite: Insights Derived from Experiments Conducted on the International Space Station.

The (PSS) experiment was part of the European Space Agency's mission and was conducted on the International Space Station from 2014 to 2016. The PSS experiment investigated the properties of montmorillonite clay as a protective shield against degradation of organic compounds that were exposed to elevated levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in space. Additionally, we examined the potential for montmorillonite to catalyze UV-induced breakdown of the amino acid alanine and its potential to trap the resulting photochemical byproducts within its interlayers.

Early life stage bottleneck determines rates of coral recovery following severe disturbance.

Understanding how foundation species recover from disturbances is key for predicting the future of ecosystems in the Anthropocene. Coral reefs are dynamic ecosystems that can undergo rapid declines in coral abundance following disturbances. Understanding why some reefs recover quickly from these disturbances whereas others recover slowly (or not at all) gives insight into the drivers of community resilience.

Rethinking gender differences: An investigation of comorbid psychopathology and alcohol use disorder in veterans.

Background: While men have been found to drink more alcohol and have higher rates of alcohol-related mortality, women tend to experience higher rates of alcohol-related consequences, including psychological comorbidities and worse alcohol use disorder (AUD) outcomes. However, gender differences in comorbid psychopathology and associations with AUD outcomes among veterans are less well understood.

Methods: Veterans (N = 126; 32 women) receiving inpatient treatment for AUD completed baseline clinical measures including the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Early Life Stress Questionnaire, and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5.

Transcriptional regulation of development by SMAX1-LIKE proteins, targets of strigolactone and karrikin/KAI2 ligand signaling.

SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1) and SMAX1-LIKE (SMXL) proteins comprise a family of plant growth regulators that includes downstream targets of the karrikin (KAR)/KAI2 ligand (KL) and strigolactone (SL) signaling pathways. Following the perception of KAR/KL or SL signals by α/β hydrolases, some types of SMXL proteins are polyubiquitinated by an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex containing the F-box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2)/DWARF3 (D3), and proteolyzed. Because SMXL proteins interact with TOPLESS (TPL) and TPL-related (TPR) transcriptional corepressors, SMXL degradation initiates changes in gene expression.

The Emerging Role of Pleural Macrophages in Influenza Defense.

The pleural cavity is gaining recognition as an important player in lung infections. Our recent research revealed that pleural macrophages (PMs) migrate from the pleural cavity into the lung during influenza virus infection, contributing to improved disease outcomes. This summary highlights key findings on the role of PMs in influencing viral lung infection outcomes and explores the potential directions for advancing this emerging field of study.

Operationalising a Haemophilia Gene Editing Lexicon for Practical Use.

Introduction: Gene editing therapies offer the possibility of substantial improvement in treatment and quality of life for people with haemophilia (PWH) in a landscape of dynamic therapeutic advancement. Developing a common and understandable language to discuss gene editing will be essential to ensure these treatments can be deployed in a safe and effective manner with fully informed and shared decision-making between healthcare professionals (HCPs) and PWH. A lexicon explaining and clarifying key concepts is one potential tool to address these aims.

A narrative review on alcohol use in women: insight into the telescoping hypothesis from a biopsychosocial perspective.

There has been a dramatic rise in alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder (AUD) among women. Recently, the field has made substantial progress toward better understanding sex and gender differences in AUD. This research has suggested accelerated progression to AUD and associated health consequences in women, a phenomenon referred to as "telescoping.

FAM43A coordinates mtDNA replication and mitochondrial biogenesis in response to mtDNA depletion.

Mitochondrial retrograde signaling (MRS) pathways relay the functional status of mitochondria to elicit homeostatic or adaptive changes in nuclear gene expression. Budding yeast have "intergenomic signaling" pathways that sense the amount of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) independently of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), the primary function of genes encoded by mtDNA. However, MRS pathways that sense the amount of mtDNA in mammalian cells remain poorly understood.

Immune-Mediated Liver Injury From Checkpoint Inhibitor: An Evolving Frontier With Emerging Challenges.

Over the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment of cancer, though they come with the risk of immune-related adverse (irAEs) events such as hepatotoxicity or Immune-mediated Liver Injury from Checkpoint Inhibitors (ILICI). ILICI is a serious irAE that, when severe, requires cessation of ICI and initiation of immunosuppression. Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTLs) play a central role in ILICI; however, they are just part of the picture as immunotherapy broadly impacts all aspects of the immune microenvironment and can directly and indirectly activate innate and adaptive immune cells.