The eighth annual US DOHAD meeting: promising approaches in epigenetics research of early life exposures.

The U.S. Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) meeting is an annual conference of primarily U.

Longitudinal Associations of PFAS Exposure With Insulin Sensitivity and β-Cell Function Among Hispanic Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus History.

Objective: We investigated associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and changes in diabetes indicators from pregnancy to 12 years after delivery among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Research Design And Methods: Eighty Hispanic women with GDM history were followed from the third trimester of pregnancy to 12 years after delivery. Oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests were conducted during follow-up.

Severe Maternal Morbidity Associated With Chronic Hypertension, Preeclampsia, and Gestational Hypertension.

Importance: Chronic hypertension and preeclampsia are leading risk enhancers for maternal-neonatal morbidity and mortality. Severe maternal morbidity (SMM) indicators include heart, kidney, and liver disease, but studies have not excluded patients with preexisting diseases that define SMM. Thus, SMM risks for uncomplicated chronic hypertension specific to preeclampsia remain unclear.

Sub-lethal exposures to bifenthrin impact stress responses and behavior of juvenile Chinook Salmon.

Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations have decreased substantially in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Delta) over the past decades, so considerably that two of the four genetically distinct runs are now listed in the Endangered Species Act. One factor responsible for this decline is the presence of contaminants in the Delta. Insecticides, used globally in agricultural, industrial, and household settings, have the potential to contaminate nearby aquatic systems through spray drift, runoff, and direct wastewater discharge.

Antiretroviral Use for HIV Prevention During Pregnancy: The Need to Strengthen Regulatory and Surveillance Systems in Africa.

HIV-prevention efforts focusing on women of child-bearing potential are needed to end the HIV epidemic in the African region. The use of antiretroviral drugs as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a critical HIV prevention tool. However, safety data on new antiretrovirals during pregnancy are often limited because pregnant people are excluded from drug development studies.

Can surgeons trust AI? Perspectives on machine learning in surgery and the importance of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI).

Purpose: This brief report aims to summarize and discuss the methodologies of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) and their potential applications in surgery.

Methods: We briefly introduce explainability methods, including global and individual explanatory features, methods for imaging data and time series, as well as similarity classification, and unraveled rules and laws.

Results: Given the increasing interest in artificial intelligence within the surgical field, we emphasize the critical importance of transparency and interpretability in the outputs of applied models.

The epidemiology of alcohol involved facial injuries.

Purpose: Alcohol use has been shown to affect injury patterns and risk of trauma. This study aims to characterize the epidemiologic characteristics of alcohol involved facial injuries presenting to US emergency departments.

Methods: This study reports a cross-sectional analysis of patients with facial injuries within the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS).

Follow-up biopsies with microvascular inflammation and persistent donor specific antibodies identify ongoing rejection in pediatric kidney transplant recipients.

Background: Inadequate treatment of acute rejection (AR) in pediatric kidney transplant recipients (KTR) can contribute to early allograft failure. Serum creatinine is an insensitive marker of allograft function, especially in the pediatric population, and may not detect ongoing rejection after treatment. We evaluated the utility of follow-up biopsies to detect persistent inflammation and future episodes of rejection.

International Urogynecology Consultation Chapter 3 Committee 1 - Pessary Management.

Introduction And Hypothesis: This manuscript is part of the International Urogynecological Consultation (IUC) on Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP), Chapter 3, Committee 1 focusing on pessary management of POP.

Methods: A narrative review was conducted by an international, multi-disciplinary group of clinicians working in the field of pelvic health following a search of the literature using the MeSH terms "pelvic organ prolapse" OR "urogenital prolapse" OR "vaginal prolapse" OR "uterovaginal prolapse" AND "pessary" OR "support device" OR "intravaginal device." Relevant studies, as determined after review using the Covidence manuscript review platform, were included.

Clinical Trials in Cancer Theranostics with Potential Near-Term Impact on Clinical Practice.

Theranostics has its roots with the first radioiodine therapy for thyroid diseases in about 80 years ago. More recently the field has experienced a remarkable renascence with the regulatory approval of paired imaging and radiopharmaceutical therapy agents in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer that are now employed in routine clinical practice. The momentum is strong for identification and testing of new theranostic agents for use in various cancers and finding new clinical incications of the available agents.

Screening for comprehensive social needs in patients with cancer: a narrative review.

Background: Patients with cancer who report social needs have worse quality of life, lower healthcare access, and suboptimal health outcomes. However, screening for social needs does not happen systematically and successful screening tools, strategies, and workflows have seldom been described. The downstream effects of screening including resource navigation have also not been well characterized.

Duration of aromatase inhibitor use and long-term cardiovascular risk in breast cancer survivors.

Background: There are limited data on duration of aromatase inhibitor (AI) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in breast cancer (BC) survivors. We examined risk of CVD and mortality associated with duration of AI use in postmenopausal women with early-stage hormone receptor-positive BC.

Methods: Postmenopausal women diagnosed with hormone receptor-positive BC (n = 5,853) who used an AI were included.

Evaluation of serum galectin-3 concentrations in healthy cats and in cats with ureteral obstruction.

Objectives: Serum galectin-3 (sGal-3) is a protein present in renal tubules and increases in experimental rodent models of acute kidney injury. The aim of this study was to compare sGal-3 concentrations in healthy cats and cats with ureteral obstruction (UO).

Methods: This was a retrospective study.

The swinging sclera technique for evisceration.

Purpose: To present a modified evisceration technique with a full-thickness horizontal sclerotomy and assess post-operative motility and long-term outcomes.

Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent evisceration with a single surgeon (TJM). The standard initial steps of evisceration were performed.

Development of Potent and Selective CK1α Molecular Glue Degraders.

Molecular glue degraders (MGDs) are small molecules that facilitate proximity between a target protein and an E3 ubiquitin ligase, thereby inducing target protein degradation. Glutarimide-containing compounds are MGDs that bind cereblon (CRBN) and recruit neosubstrates. Through explorative synthesis of a glutarimide-based library, we discovered a series of molecules that induce casein kinase 1 alpha (CK1α) degradation.

A Scalable Calibration Method for Enhanced Accuracy in Dense Air Quality Monitoring Networks.

Deployment of large numbers of low capital cost sensors to increase the spatial density of air quality measurements enables applications that build on mapping air at neighborhood scales. Effective deployment requires not only low capital costs for observations but also a simultaneous reduction in labor costs. The Berkeley Environmental Air Quality and CO Network (BEACON) is a sensor network measuring O, CO, NO, and NO, particulate matter (PM), and CO at dozens of locations in cities where it is deployed.

Biodiversity within phytoplankton-associated microbiomes regulates host physiology, host community ecology, and nutrient cycling.

Unlabelled: Biological diversity is declining across the tree of life, including among prokaryotes. With the increasing awareness of host-associated microbes as potential regulators of eukaryotic host physiology, behavior, and ecology, it is important to understand the implications of declining diversity within host microbiomes on host fitness, ecology, and ecosystem function. We used phytoplankton and their associated environmental microbiomes as model systems to test the independent and interactive effects of declining microbiome diversity with and without other stressors often caused by human activity-elevated temperature and altered nutrient availability.

Ribosome profiling reveals differences in global translational vs transcriptional gene expression changes during early biofilm formation.

a major human fungal pathogen, can form biofilms on a variety of inert and biological surfaces. biofilms allow for immune evasion, are highly resistant to antifungal therapies, and represent a significant complication for a wide variety of immunocompromised patients in clinical settings. While transcriptional regulators and global transcriptional profiles of biofilm formation have been well-characterized, much less is known about translational regulation of this important virulence property.

Restoring cefepime activity against multidrug-resistant KPC-producing by combination with boronic acid inhibitors, MB076 and S02030.

Foremost in the design of new β-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) are the boronic acid transition state inhibitors (BATSIs). Two highly potent BATSIs being developed are S02030 and MB076 strategically designed to be active against cephalosporinases and carbapenemases, especially KPC. When combined with cefepime, S02030 and MB076 demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against laboratory and clinical strains of expressing a variety of class A and class C β-lactamases, including and .

Laboratory evolution of with a natural vitamin B analog reveals roles for cobamide uptake and adenosylation in methionine synthase-dependent growth.

Bacteria encounter chemically similar nutrients in their environment, which impact their growth in distinct ways. Among such nutrients are cobamides, the structurally diverse family of cofactors related to vitamin B (cobalamin), which function as cofactors for diverse metabolic processes. Given that different environments contain varying abundances of different cobamides, bacteria are likely to encounter cobamides that enable them to grow robustly and also those that do not function efficiently for their metabolism.

Policy Recommendations to Support Equitable Access to Long-Acting Injectables for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention and Treatment: A Policy Paper of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the HIV Medicine Association.

Long-acting injectables (LAIs) for HIV prevention and treatment could dramatically improve health outcomes and health equity for people with HIV and those who could benefit from pre-exposure prophylaxis. Despite widespread acceptability and demand by providers and potential users of LAIs, implementation has been extremely limited since the introduction of cabotegravir/rilpivirine, the first LAI for HIV treatment, in January 2021, and long-acting cabotegravir, the first LAI for HIV prevention, in December 2021. We report results of a provider survey, conducted by the HIV Medicine Association, which identified LAI implementation barriers related to health insurance processes, staffing and administrative support, drug costs and acquisition, and access for individuals who are uninsured.

Conformational flexibility is a critical factor in designing broad-spectrum human norovirus protease inhibitors.

Unlabelled: Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and economic impact. There are currently no licensed antiviral drugs for the treatment of HuNoV-associated gastroenteritis. The HuNoV protease plays a critical role in the initiation of virus replication by cleaving the polyprotein.

Temporal Genomic Analysis of Homogeneous Tumor Models Reveals Key Regulators of Immune Evasion in Melanoma.

In this study, we find that Mif expression is associated with tumor growth and aggressiveness, specifically in tumors with low heterogeneity. These findings could facilitate the development of new strategies to treat patients with homogeneous, high MIF-expressing tumors that are unresponsive to immune checkpoint therapy.