Bridging from research evidence to treatment decisions: The case of treatment based on predicted mandibular growth.

Introduction: Norms for mandibular growth are well-established, but they have large variances, and no research has been conducted on how practitioners use them in clinical judgment to guide the treatment of individual patients.

Methods: Co-Pog projections of mandibular growth were combined from the Burlington and Michigan growth studies following statistical adjustments. Cervical measures were also evaluated.

Development of and recovery from acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery: Randomized phase 2 trial of the hepatocyte growth factor mimetic ANG-3777.

Objectives: To investigate the safety and efficacy of ANG-3777, a hepatocyte growth factor mimetic, in mitigating the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Methods: In this double-blind placebo-controlled study (Guard Against Renal Damage [GUARD]), patients were randomized to receive intravenous ANG-3777 2 mg/kg or placebo once daily for 4 days. The primary end point was severity of AKI, measured by mean area under the concentration-time curve on percent increase in serum creatinine from days 2 to 6.

Diversity in the US Academic Microsurgery Pathway.

Although the representation of women and ethnic minority students in the US medical schools has recently increased, discrepancies in representation among plastic surgery residents and faculty continue. The state of sex and ethnic diversity in academic microsurgery remains minimally investigated. We aimed to evaluate the sex, race, and ethnicity demographics among academic microsurgeons and identify underrepresentation along the leadership pathway.

Accuracy of dental implant placement with CAD-CAM 3D printed and conventional thermoplastic surgical pilot guides: A clinical comparative trial.

Statement Of Problem: Dental implant placement is routinely guided by using 2-dimensional radiographs and thermoplastic surgical guides (CTGs), which may lack accuracy. Three-dimensionally (3D) printed surgical guides (3DGs) have been recommended to improve accuracy. However, they require additional training on specific technology.

A multicenter analysis of aortic root replacement: Non-native chest increases risk of postoperative mortality.

Objective: Re-do root replacement poses a significant technical challenge, increasing the potential risk of morbidity and mortality. This multi-institution study compared the outcomes of aortic root replacement stratified by chest surgery and aortic root history.

Methods: A retrospective review by the Western Aortic Collaborative was performed of 3 different aortic centers for patients who underwent nonemergency root replacement from 2017 to 2023 with exclusion of patients who underwent more than hemiarch replacement or presented with acute or hyperacute aortic dissection.

Microcomputed tomography assessment of microleakage and void formation under ceramic adhesive precoated orthodontic brackets.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate microleakage, voids, and gaps in ceramic adhesive precoated (APC) brackets using microcomputed tomography and investigate their correlation with bond strength.

Methods: A total of 52 human premolars were included in this study. The teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups of 13 teeth each.

The use and implementation of omalizumab as food allergy treatment: Consensus-based guidance and Work Group Report of the Adverse Reactions to Foods Committee of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.

Omalizumab was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of any single food allergy or multiple food allergies in children aged 1 year and older and adults. There is currently no formal guidance regarding recommended best practices for omalizumab use in food allergy, including patient selection, anticipated goals and outcomes of therapy, procedure for monitoring patients who elect to start omalizumab therapy, and ways in which omalizumab can be incorporated into the landscape of food allergy management and daily clinical practice. This work group report was developed by the food allergy therapies subcommittee of the Adverse Reactions to Foods Committee within the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.

A Narrative Review of Key Studies in Medical Education in 2023: Applying the Current Literature to Educational Practice and Scholarship.

Pediatric clinician educators face the challenge of juggling clinical practice with teaching responsibilities. The balancing act is even more challenging when one considers the need to stay current with evidence from clinical and medical education literature. In this narrative review of 2023 medical education literature, the Academic Pediatric Association Education Committee's Top Articles team summarizes high-yield articles that possess the potential to significantly influence pediatric clinician educator teaching and practice.

Hospital readmissions reduction program penalizes safety net hospital clinicians.

Objective: The Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP), started under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and administered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, was created with the intention to improve healthcare quality and costs. However, research on disparities in healthcare demonstrates the HRRP's protocolized risk-adjustment calculations neglect social factors, which consequently harms disadvantaged patient populations and unfairly contributes to clinician and hospital penalties.

Methods: A PRISMA literature review was conducted using PubMed and Cochrane Library to explore the inclusion of social factors such as socioeconomic status on risk-adjustment calculations, and their relation to healthcare disparities, penalties, and outcomes.

Conversion of a failing fixed implant prosthesis into an implant-retained overdenture: A clinical report.

Implants supporting a fixed prosthesis may fail leaving unfavorable implant distribution for a fixed prosthesis. This clinical report illustrates a treatment option for converting a failing fixed prosthesis into a mandibular complete overdenture by using a portion of the existing fixed implant prosthesis. The use of a resilient liner to retain a converted mandibular overdenture framework provided satisfactory results in the first year of clinical use.

Interventional Oncology Meets Immuno-oncology: Combination Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

The management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is undergoing transformational changes due to the emergence of various novel immunotherapies and their combination with image-guided locoregional therapies. In this setting, immunotherapy is expected to become one of the standards of care in both neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings across all disease stages of HCC. Currently, more than 50 ongoing prospective clinical trials are investigating various end points for the combination of immunotherapy with both percutaneous and catheter-directed therapies.

Updated review of omalizumab to treat uncontrolled pediatric allergic asthma.

Asthma has been increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous disease; however, many patients with asthma have allergic asthma (AA). Inhaled corticosteroids and other inhalers have been integral in treating many symptoms of asthma, but these medications do not completely address the disease's underlying mechanism. Pediatric asthma imposes a substantial burden on patients and the health care system.

Lower Risk of Death and Kidney Failure Associated with Higher Target (vs Below-Target) Doses of RAS Inhibitors in Octogenarians with HFrEF.

Background: Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors at higher target doses reduce the risk of death in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Less is known about their effectiveness in octogenarians, the examination of which was the objective of this study.

Methods: Of the 32,964 veterans ≥ 80 years with HFrEF (ejection fraction ≤ 40%) receiving RAS inhibitors, 6655 received them at target doses.

Addressing health disparities in food allergy: A Position Statement of the AAAAI Prior Authorization Task Force.

Self-reported food allergies (FAs) affect approximately 8% of the US pediatric and approximately 10% of the adult population, which reflects potentially disproportionate increases among ethnically and racially minoritized groups. Multiple gaps and unmet needs exist regarding FA disparities. There is reported evidence of disparities in FA outcomes, and the FA burden may also be disproportionate in low-income families.

The Association Between Accelerated Biological Aging and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Older Adults with Hypertension.

Background: Current hypertension treatments rely on chronological age, which may not reflect individual differences in aging and its impact on cardiovascular health. This study aimed to determine whether biological age can predict adverse outcomes in older adults with hypertension, independent of traditional risk factors including chronological age.

Methods: An analysis of a prospective cohort was conducted using data from the Health and Retirement Study, a longitudinal survey of older adults in the United States.

Postmenopausal Endometriosis: Clinical Insights and Imaging Considerations.

Endometriosis is a chronic systemic condition characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial-like tissue outside of the uterus. It occurs most often in reproductive-aged patients and less frequently in postmenopausal women. In postmenopausal patients, endometriosis is more common in those undergoing hormone replacement therapy or taking tamoxifen.

Accelerated Cardiac MRI with Deep Learning-based Image Reconstruction for Cine Imaging.

Purpose To assess the influence of deep learning (DL)-based image reconstruction on acquisition time, volumetric results, and image quality of cine sequences in cardiac MRI. Materials and Methods This prospective study (performed from January 2023 to March 2023) included 55 healthy volunteers who underwent a noncontrast cardiac MRI examination at 1.5 T.

Combined Surgical Technique of Hyperselective and Partial Motor Neurectomies for Spastic Equinus, Equinovarus, and Claw Toe Deformities.

Background: Patients with spastic equinus, equinovarus, and claw toe deformities can experience marked pain and functional limitations in the ability to weight-bear comfortably, ambulate efficiently, or mobilize independently. Seen in 80% of patients with cerebral palsy and 18% of patients with stroke (1, 2), the spastic foot and ankle deformities, and its secondary sequelae of static joint contractures, osseous changes, and chronic pain, are unfortunately common.

Methods: Adult and pediatric patients undergoing combined hyperselective and selective partial motor neurectomies for varus or claw toe deformities were reviewed.

Alternative discharge destination following lobectomy: Analysis of a national quality improvement database.

Objective: To determine factors significantly associated with alternative discharge destination (ADCD) following lobectomy, including the modified 5-item Frailty Index (mFI-5).

Methods: Patients in the 2017-2020 NSQIP who underwent elective lobectomy and were admitted from home were included, with ADCD defined as a patient who was discharged to any nonhome location. Four multivariable logistic regression models for ADCD were evaluated for predictive power.