Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry for Top-Down Proteomics.

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based top-down proteomics (TDP) characterizes proteoforms in cells, tissues, and biological fluids (e.g., human plasma) to better our understanding of protein function and to discover new protein biomarkers for disease diagnosis and therapeutic development.

The prebiopsy photo: A tool to improve patient safety and outcomes.

This article reviews the reasons to take a prebiopsy photograph and the consequences that can ensue when one is not taken. Electronic medical record systems compatible with mobile devices can record clinical photographs that comply with patient privacy regulations, making them the method of choice for dermatologic photo documentation. Correct photographic documentation technique also is critical and is reviewed with examples.

Mistaken for migraine: Coccidioidal meningitis.

The incidence of coccidioidomycosis has been rising in the past decade. This case report focuses on a man with a history of persistent migraine who presented to the ED with altered mental status. After cerebrospinal fluid testing, the patient was diagnosed with coccidioidal meningitis and treated with lifelong antifungal therapy.

Management of children with food allergies by allergists in the United States.

Background: Management of patients with food allergies is complex, especially in cases of patients with multiple and potentially severe food allergies. Although international guidelines exist for food allergy management, the role of the allergist in the decision-making process is key.

Objective: Our aim was to investigate the management patterns and educational needs of practicing allergists treating patients with food allergies.

Techniques and analytic workflow for spatial transcriptomics and its application to allergy and inflammation.

Spatial profiling, through single-cell gene-level expression data paired with cell localization, offers unprecedented biologic insights within the intact spatial context of cells in healthy and diseased tissue, adding a novel dimension to data interpretation. This review summarizes recent developments in this field, its application to allergy and inflammation, and recent single-cell resolution platforms designed for spatial transcriptomics with a focus on data processing and analyses for efficient biologic interpretation of data. By preserving spatial context, these technologies provide critical insights into tissue architecture and cellular interactions that are unattainable with traditional transcriptomics methods, such as revealing localized inflammatory cell network in atopic dermatitis and T-cell interactions in the lung in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

MRI-assessed Dynamic Hyperinflation Induced by Tachypnea in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The SPIROMICS-HF Study.

Purpose To assess the repeatability of real-time cine pulmonary MRI measures of metronome-paced tachypnea (MPT)-induced dynamic hyperinflation and its relationship with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity. Materials and Methods SubPopulations and InteRmediate Outcome Measures In COPD Study (SPIROMICS) (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier no.

Contrast-enhanced US of High-Risk Indeterminate Focal Liver Observations Categorized as LR-4 or LR-M at CT/MRI.

Background Indeterminate focal liver observations in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may require invasive biopsy or follow-up, which could lead to delays in definitive categorization and to postponement of treatment. Purpose To examine clinical effect of contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) in participants with high-risk indeterminate liver observations categorized as Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) category LR-4 (probably HCC) or LI-RADS category LR-M (probably or definitely malignant but not HCC specific) at CT or MRI. Materials and Methods This was a secondary analysis of a prospective international multicenter validation study for CEUS LI-RADS (January 2018 to August 2021).

The 2024 American Association for Thoracic Surgery expert consensus document: Current standards in donor lung procurement and preservation.

Background: Donor lung procurement and preservation is critical for lung transplantation success. Unfortunately, the large variability in techniques impacts organ utilization rates and transplantation outcomes. Compounding this variation, recent developments in cold static preservation and new technological advances with machine perfusion have increased the complexity of the procedure.

The influence of 3-dimensional printing layer thickness on model accuracy and the perceived fit of thermoformed retainers.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of dental model printing using 2 different layer height settings and how these settings affect the fabrication of thermoformed retainers.

Methods: Subjects were recruited from the Department of Orthodontics at Case Western Reserve University and scanned according to specific selection criteria. A total of 30 stereolithography files were produced and used as reference files.

Decoding Extracellular Protein Glycosylation in Human Health and Disease.

Protein glycosylation, the covalent attachment of carbohydrate, or glycan, structures onto the protein backbone, is one of the most complex and heterogeneous post-translational modifications (PTMs). Extracellular protein glycosylation, in particular N- and mucin-type O-glycosylation, plays pivotal roles in a number of biophysical and biochemical processes, such as protein folding and stability, cell adhesion, signaling, and protection. As such, aberrant glycosylation is implicated in a variety of diseases, including cancer.

Clinical Microbiome Analysis by Mass Spectrometry-Based Metaproteomics.

Mass spectrometry-based proteomics and metaproteomics have long been used in the study of human microbiomes, with the potential of metaproteomics only recently being fully harnessed. This progress is due to the advancements of high-performance mass spectrometers, innovative proteomics strategies, and the development of dedicated bioinformatics tools. In this review, we critically examine the recent technological developments that enhance the application of metaproteomics in clinical microbiome analysis.

Mass Spectrometry-Based Applications of Spheroids in Cancer Biology.

The use of cell culture techniques to model human disease is an indispensable tool that has helped improve the health and well-being of the world. Monolayer cultures have most often been used for biomedical research, although not accurately recapitulating an in vivo human tumor. Tumor spheroids are a form of three-dimensional cell culture that better mimics an avascularized human tumor through their cell-cell contacts in all directions, development of various chemical gradients, and distinct populations of cells found within the spheroid.

Nicolau syndrome: A case of ischemic necrosis after subcutaneous immunotherapy.

A rare injection site reaction known as Nicolau syndrome can occur in patients receiving subcutaneous immunotherapy. This syndrome has been reported only a handful of times in the literature related to subcutaneous immunotherapy.

Association of Favorable Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers With Reversion of Mild Cognitive Impairment Due to Parkinson's Disease.

Objective: Cognitive impairment is a common nonmotor symptom among individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Although cognitive impairment generally develops progressively, individuals with PD-associated mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) may revert to being cognitively normal (CN), which is referred to as PD-MCI reversion. Previous studies are inconsistent in whether PD-MCI reverters are at greater risk for PD-MCI recurrence relative to CN individuals.

Five-year comparison of clinical and echocardiographic outcomes of pure aortic stenosis with pure aortic regurgitation or mixed aortic valve disease in the COMMENCE trial.

Objective: To compare outcomes of aortic valve replacement (AVR) in patients with pure aortic stenosis (Pure AS) and those with pure aortic regurgitation (Pure AR) or mixed AS and AR (MAVD) in the COMMENCE trial.

Methods: Of 689 patients who underwent AVR in the COMMENCE trial, patients with moderate or severe AR with or without AS (Pure AR + MAVD; n = 135) or Pure AS (n = 323) were included. Inverse probability of treatment weighting Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used for time-to-event endpoints, and longitudinal changes in hemodynamics were evaluated using mixed-effects models.

Automated line-clearing chest tubes reduce postoperative pain and atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery.

Objective: Recent advancements in chest tube technologies have gained interest for their ability to enhance postoperative recovery via reduction of retained blood syndrome after cardiothoracic surgery. The present study investigates the effect of the Centese Thoraguard automated line-clearance chest tube system on postoperative pain and recovery after cardiac surgery.

Methods: This was a single-center retrospective review of 1771 adult patients undergoing nonemergency cardiac surgery between January 2021 and December 2022.

Combined simulation and ex vivo assessment of free-edge length in bicuspidization repair for congenital aortic valve disease.

Objective: The study objective was to investigate the effect of free-edge length on valve performance in bicuspidization repair of congenitally diseased aortic valves.

Methods: In addition to a constructed unicuspid aortic valve disease model, 3 representative groups-free-edge length to aortic diameter ratio 1.2, 1.