Evaluating the Cumulative Benefit of Inspiratory CT, Expiratory CT, and Clinical Data for COPD Diagnosis and Staging through Deep Learning.

Purpose To measure the benefit of single-phase CT, inspiratory-expiratory CT, and clinical data for convolutional neural network (CNN)-based chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) staging. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included inspiratory and expiratory lung CT images and spirometry measurements acquired between November 2007 and April 2011 from 8893 participants (mean age, 59.6 years ± 9.

Accurate Intramyocardial Hemorrhage Assessment with Fast, Free-running, Cardiac Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping.

Purpose To evaluate the performance of a high-dynamic-range quantitative susceptibility mapping (HDR-QSM) cardiac MRI technique to detect intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH) and quantify iron content using phantom and canine models. Materials and Methods A free-running whole-heart HDR-QSM technique for IMH assessment was developed and evaluated in calibrated iron phantoms and 14 IMH female canine models. IMH detection and iron content quantification performance of this technique was compared with the conventional iron imaging approaches, R2*(1/T2*) maps, using measurements from ex vivo imaging as the reference standard.

Rise of the machines: Normothermic regional perfusion use in heart transplantation in the United States.

Background: Normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) and direct procurement and perfusion (DPP) allow for transplantation with donation after circulatory death (DCD) hearts. This study aimed to characterize the use of and variations in NRP and DPP for DCD transplants in the United States.

Methods: Heart transplants performed between December 1, 2019 and March 31, 2024, were identified from the United Network for Organ Sharing database.

Sinusitis and rhinitis among US veterans deployed to Southwest Asia and Afghanistan after September 11, 2001.

Background: Post-9/11 veterans were exposed to environmental and occupational pollutants during deployment.

Objective: Our aim was to determine associations between deployment-related exposures and sinusitis and rhinitis.

Methods: Between April 2018 and March 2020, veterans with land-based deployment after 9/11 who were living within 25 miles of 6 Department of Veteran Affairs medical centers were randomly chosen by using a Defense Manpower Data Center roster.

On-treatment clinical remission of severe asthma with real-world longer-term biologic use.

Background: There are limited real-world data describing the proportion of patients with severe asthma (SA) who achieve on-treatment clinical remission with long-term biologic treatment.

Objective: Our aim was to examine the proportion and characteristics of adults with SA who achieved clinical remission with biologic therapy.

Methods: CHRONICLE is an observational study of US subspecialist-treated adults with SA.

The QIBA Profile for Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast MRI Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers for Assessing Gliomas.

The dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI measures of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) play a central role in monitoring therapeutic response and disease progression in patients with gliomas. Previous investigations have demonstrated promise of using rCBV in classifying tumor grade, elucidating tumor viability after therapy, and differentiating pseudoprogression and pseudoresponse. However, the quantification and reproducibility of rCBV measurements across patients, devices, and software remain a critical barrier to routine or clinical trial use of longitudinal DSC MRI in patients with gliomas.

Description of a new species of cusk-eel (Teleostei, Ophidiiformes, Ophidiidae, Ophidion) from the Galápagos Archipelago and Isla del Coco, long known but previously undescribed.

A cusk-eel, known from the Galápagos Archipelago since 1905, which has remained undescribed, is herein formally named, Ophidion galapagensis Lea & Robins. The species is known from 10 collections, including material from Isla del Coco. The species is endemic to the Galápagos Archipelago-Isla del Cocos biogeographic complex and is compared to the seven known eastern Pacific ophidiine cusk-eels; its relationship to these species is unclear.

LI-RADS US Surveillance Version 2024 for Surveillance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Update to the American College of Radiology US LI-RADS.

In 2017, the American College of Radiology introduced the US Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) as a framework for US surveillance of patients at risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma. This has aided in the standardization of technique, clinical reporting, patient management, data collection, and research. Emerging evidence has helped inform changes to the algorithm, now released as LI-RADS US Surveillance version 2024.

Inborn errors of immunity reveal molecular requirements for generation and maintenance of human CD4 IL-9-expressing cells.

Background: CD4 T cells play essential roles in adaptive immunity. Distinct CD4 T-cell subsets-T1, T2, T17, T22, T follicular helper, and regulatory T cells-have been identified, and their contributions to host defense and immune regulation are increasingly well defined. IL-9-producing T9 cells were first described in 2008 and appear to play both protective and pathogenic roles in human immunity.

Midterm survival, clinical, and hemodynamic outcomes of a novel mechanical mitral valve prosthesis.

Objective: To evaluate the midterm survival, clinical, and hemodynamic outcomes of the On-X mechanical mitral valve, based on the 5-year results of the Prospective Randomized On-X Anticoagulation Clinical Trial (PROACT).

Method: PROACT Mitral was a multicenter study evaluating 401 patients who underwent mitral valve replacement (MVR) with either Standard or Conform-X On-X mitral valves, comparing low-dose and standard-dose warfarin. Here we report prespecified secondary outcomes of survival, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification, and valve hemodynamics as assessed by core lab-adjudicated echocardiography at 1, 3, and 5 years in the pooled population.

Bridging from research evidence to treatment decisions: The case of treatment based on predicted mandibular growth.

Introduction: Norms for mandibular growth are well-established, but they have large variances, and no research has been conducted on how practitioners use them in clinical judgment to guide the treatment of individual patients.

Methods: Co-Pog projections of mandibular growth were combined from the Burlington and Michigan growth studies following statistical adjustments. Cervical measures were also evaluated.

Development of and recovery from acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery: Randomized phase 2 trial of the hepatocyte growth factor mimetic ANG-3777.

Objectives: To investigate the safety and efficacy of ANG-3777, a hepatocyte growth factor mimetic, in mitigating the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Methods: In this double-blind placebo-controlled study (Guard Against Renal Damage [GUARD]), patients were randomized to receive intravenous ANG-3777 2 mg/kg or placebo once daily for 4 days. The primary end point was severity of AKI, measured by mean area under the concentration-time curve on percent increase in serum creatinine from days 2 to 6.

Diversity in the US Academic Microsurgery Pathway.

Although the representation of women and ethnic minority students in the US medical schools has recently increased, discrepancies in representation among plastic surgery residents and faculty continue. The state of sex and ethnic diversity in academic microsurgery remains minimally investigated. We aimed to evaluate the sex, race, and ethnicity demographics among academic microsurgeons and identify underrepresentation along the leadership pathway.

Accuracy of dental implant placement with CAD-CAM 3D printed and conventional thermoplastic surgical pilot guides: A clinical comparative trial.

Statement Of Problem: Dental implant placement is routinely guided by using 2-dimensional radiographs and thermoplastic surgical guides (CTGs), which may lack accuracy. Three-dimensionally (3D) printed surgical guides (3DGs) have been recommended to improve accuracy. However, they require additional training on specific technology.

Microcomputed tomography assessment of microleakage and void formation under ceramic adhesive precoated orthodontic brackets.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate microleakage, voids, and gaps in ceramic adhesive precoated (APC) brackets using microcomputed tomography and investigate their correlation with bond strength.

Methods: A total of 52 human premolars were included in this study. The teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups of 13 teeth each.

The use and implementation of omalizumab as food allergy treatment: Consensus-based guidance and Work Group Report of the Adverse Reactions to Foods Committee of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.

Omalizumab was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of any single food allergy or multiple food allergies in children aged 1 year and older and adults. There is currently no formal guidance regarding recommended best practices for omalizumab use in food allergy, including patient selection, anticipated goals and outcomes of therapy, procedure for monitoring patients who elect to start omalizumab therapy, and ways in which omalizumab can be incorporated into the landscape of food allergy management and daily clinical practice. This work group report was developed by the food allergy therapies subcommittee of the Adverse Reactions to Foods Committee within the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.

A Narrative Review of Key Studies in Medical Education in 2023: Applying the Current Literature to Educational Practice and Scholarship.

Pediatric clinician educators face the challenge of juggling clinical practice with teaching responsibilities. The balancing act is even more challenging when one considers the need to stay current with evidence from clinical and medical education literature. In this narrative review of 2023 medical education literature, the Academic Pediatric Association Education Committee's Top Articles team summarizes high-yield articles that possess the potential to significantly influence pediatric clinician educator teaching and practice.

Hospital readmissions reduction program penalizes safety net hospital clinicians.

Objective: The Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP), started under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and administered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, was created with the intention to improve healthcare quality and costs. However, research on disparities in healthcare demonstrates the HRRP's protocolized risk-adjustment calculations neglect social factors, which consequently harms disadvantaged patient populations and unfairly contributes to clinician and hospital penalties.

Methods: A PRISMA literature review was conducted using PubMed and Cochrane Library to explore the inclusion of social factors such as socioeconomic status on risk-adjustment calculations, and their relation to healthcare disparities, penalties, and outcomes.

Conversion of a failing fixed implant prosthesis into an implant-retained overdenture: A clinical report.

Implants supporting a fixed prosthesis may fail leaving unfavorable implant distribution for a fixed prosthesis. This clinical report illustrates a treatment option for converting a failing fixed prosthesis into a mandibular complete overdenture by using a portion of the existing fixed implant prosthesis. The use of a resilient liner to retain a converted mandibular overdenture framework provided satisfactory results in the first year of clinical use.