Theoretical models applied to understand infection prevention and control practices of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.

Background: Effective infection prevention and control (IPC) practices among healthcare workers are crucial to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and other infections in healthcare settings.

Aim: To synthesise evidence on behaviour change theories, models, or frameworks applied to understand healthcare workers' IPC practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: PubMed, EBSCOhost interface, ProQuest interface, MEDLINE (Ovid), and grey literature were searched for primary studies published between December 2019 and May 2023.

An online survey of perspectives towards the impact of the covid-19 pandemic amongst caregivers of adolescents with ASD.

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had a negative impact on the health and mental health of adolescents and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and their caregivers, have been disproportionally affected. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on Thai caregivers and adolescents with ASD.

Methods: This study used an online survey with closed and free text questions to investigate how the pandemic had impacted on social skills development and psychological variables, and perceived needs for support.

Theoretically-informed vs standard cover letter to improve participant response to mailed questionnaire: results of an embedded randomised retention trial.

Background: Participant non-response is a source of bias in all research, especially in randomised controlled trials. Participants followed up remotely can have high non-response rates. Four such trials have been conducted of a cover letter with content informed by behaviour change theory to overcome hypothesised barriers to responding to a mailed questionnaire.

RF sensing enabled tracking of human facial expressions using machine learning algorithms.

Automatic analysis of facial expressions has emerged as a prominent research area in the past decade. Facial expressions serve as crucial indicators for understanding human behavior, enabling the identification and assessment of positive and negative emotions. Moreover, facial expressions provide insights into various aspects of mental activities, social connections, and physiological information.

Methods Used in Co-Creation Within the Health CASCADE Co-Creation Database and Gray Literature: Systematic Methods Overview.

Background: Co-creation is increasingly recognized for its potential to generate innovative solutions, particularly in addressing complex and wicked problems in public health. Despite this growing recognition, there are no standards or recommendations for method use in co-creation, leading to confusion and inconsistency. While some studies have examined specific methods, a comprehensive overview is lacking, limiting the collective understanding and ability to make informed decisions about the most appropriate methods for different contexts and research objectives.

Modulation of connexin 43 in viral infections.

Connexins are essential for intercellular communication through gap junctions and the maintenance of cellular and tissue homeostasis. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is the most ubiquitously expressed connexin. As well as regulating homeostasis, Cx43 hemichannels and gap junctions play important roles in inflammation and the immune response.

Urinary Tract Infections Amongst Adults With Intellectual Disabilities With Urinary Incontinence.

Background: Between 26% and 52% of adults with intellectual disability experience urinary incontinence (UI). Little is known about the implications of urinary tract infections (UTIs) for this group. The aim was to screen for UTIs in a sample of adults with intellectual disability and UI.

Device-Measured 24-Hour Movement Behaviors and Blood Pressure: A 6-Part Compositional Individual Participant Data Analysis in the ProPASS Consortium.

Background: Blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects of structured exercise are well-established. Effects of 24-hour movement behaviors captured in free-living settings have received less attention. This cross-sectional study investigated associations between a 24-hour behavior composition comprising 6 parts (sleeping, sedentary behavior, standing, slow walking, fast walking, and combined exercise-like activity [eg, running and cycling]) and systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP).

Associations between biomarkers and skeletal muscle function in individuals with osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Skeletal muscle dysfunction is the primary cause of functional limitations in osteoarthritis, associated biomarkers have the potential as targets for early disease identification, diagnosis, and prevention of osteoarthritis disability. This review aimed to identify associations between biomarkers and lower limb skeletal muscle function in individuals with osteoarthritis.

Methods: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases from inception to 8 August 2023.

Efficacy and safety profile of oral creatine monohydrate in add-on to cognitive-behavioural therapy in depression: An 8-week pilot, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled feasibility and exploratory trial in an under-resourced area.

Pre-clinical and clinical evidence proposes that creatine monohydrate, an affordable nutraceutical, could be a useful adjunct to conventional antidepressant treatments. In this pilot feasibility and exploratory study, we investigate the 8-week effects of creatine in addition to cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) versus placebo plus CBT in depression. For the primary efficacy outcome of change in Patient Health Questionnaire-9 depression score at study endpoint, we used mixed-model repeated measures analysis of covariance.

Recruiting and retaining healthcare workers in Scotland to a longitudinal COVID-19 study: a descriptive analysis.

Background: Rapid timescales for the design and delivery of research were common during the COVID-19 pandemic. The recruitment and retention of healthcare workers (HCWs) as participants in research studies are notoriously challenging, but this was exacerbated during the pandemic by the unprecedented demand placed on the workforce. The SARS-CoV-2 Immunity and Reinfection Evaluation (SIREN study) is a prospective multicentre cohort study following HCWs in the UK.

Interventions for people with perceptual disorders after stroke: the PIONEER scoping review, Cochrane systematic review and priority setting project.

Background: Stroke often affects recognition and interpretation of information from our senses, resulting in perceptual disorders. Evidence to inform treatment is unclear.

Objective: To determine the breadth and effectiveness of interventions for stroke-related perceptual disorders and identify priority research questions.

Public and professional stakeholders' perceptions of alcohol advertising and availability policies: A qualitative study.

Introduction: Reducing alcohol availability and restricting alcohol advertising are effective ways to reduce harm from alcohol. Implementation of public health policies involves collaboration between different stakeholders, and is influenced by public opinion. This paper explores public and professional stakeholders' perceptions of alcohol advertising and availability policies.

Enhancing transparency and fairness in automated credit decisions: an explainable novel hybrid machine learning approach.

This paper uses a generalised stacking method to introduce a novel hybrid model that combines a one-dimensional convolutional neural network 1DCNN with extreme gradient boosting XGBoost. We compared the predictive accuracies of the proposed hybrid architecture with three conventional algorithms-1DCNN, XGBoost and logistic regression (LR) using a dataset of over twenty thousand peer-to-peer (P2P) consumer credit observations. By leveraging the SHAP algorithm, the research provides a detailed analysis of feature importance, contributing to the model's predictions and offering insights into the overall and individual significance of different features.

Implant design influences the joint-specific outcome after total knee arthroplasty.

Aims: The aims were to assess whether joint-specific outcome after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was influenced by implant design over a 12-year follow-up period, and whether patient-related factors were associated with loss to follow-up and mortality risk.

Methods: Long-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial was undertaken. A total of 212 patients were allocated a Triathlon or a Kinemax TKA.

Interpreting elevated liver blood test results through a genetic lens: A genome-wide association study.

Background And Aims: Individuals with genetic polymorphisms in UGT1A1 exhibit bilirubin levels that belie their risk of liver disease (Gilbert's syndrome) but it is not known if this phenomenon extends to other common liver blood tests (LBTs).

Methods: A genome-wide association analysis of 10 LBTs was conducted using the UK biobank. Polygenic scores (PGS) were created from discordant loci (e.

Protocol: Assessing the impact of interest-holder engagement on guideline development: A systematic review.

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. The objective of this review is to identify and synthesize empirical research on the impacts of interest-holder engagement on the guideline development process and content.

A meta-review of systematic reviews on the effectiveness of music therapy on depression, stress, anxiety and cognitive function in adult's with dementia or cognitive impairment.

Background: Subjective cognitive impairment has been reported to be associated with depressive symptoms, stress and anxiety in older people. This study examines the impact of music interventions on cognitive functioning, depression, anxiety, and stress for adults with dementia or cognitive impairment.

Method: We searched Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Medline, and PsycINFO without restriction to date.