Targeting breast cancer stem cells in ER-positive breast cancer by repurposing the benzoporphyrin derivative verteporfin as a YAP/TAZ small molecule inhibitor.

Background: Current treatment strategies for hormone-dependent breast cancers, including adjuvant endocrine therapy, often fail due to persistence of breast cancer stem cells (brCSCs), which are significant contributors to tumor recurrence and treatment resistance. Therefore, gaining deeper insights into the molecular regulators driving breast cancer aggressiveness is important. Moreover, given the complexities and expenses involved in developing new pharmacological agents, the strategic repurposing of existing FDA-approved drugs to target these key molecular pathways presents a compelling approach for identifying novel therapeutic interventions aimed at mitigating tumor refractoriness.

Challenges in "probing spectroscopic probes" for noninvasive simultaneous disease diagnosis.

Noninvasive diagnosis of human diseases relies on the detection of molecular markers (probes) in a painless manner. Although extrinsic and intrinsic molecular markers are often used, intrinsic disease probes (molecular markers) are preferable because they are naturally present in our body, and deviation in their concentration from normal levels clearly indicates anomalies in human bodies, that is, diseases. In this study, we report noninvasive spectroscopic measurements of total haemoglobin (Hb), bilirubin, and the ratio of oxy- and deoxyhaemoglobin as disease markers for anaemia, jaundice, and oxygen deficiency, respectively, using a meticulously designed optical fibre probe.

Isolated Medial Malleolar Fractures: Current Concepts in Management.

Isolated medial malleolar fractures (IMMFs) are uncommon and often occur with other ankle injuries, complicating their treatment and management. This review aims to compare the complication rates and functional outcomes of surgical versus conservative treatment for IMMFs in skeletally mature patients. The literature suggests that for IMMFs with less than 2 mm of displacement, conservative treatment provides functional outcomes similar to surgical interventions, with minimal complications.

Investigating the association of VHL gene variants with disease risk and clinicopathological outcomes in ccRCC patients from West Bengal, India.

Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a prevalent and aggressive malignancy, with the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene playing a critical role in its pathogenesis. However, the association between VHL gene variants and sporadic ccRCC risk remains unexplored in the Indian population. This study aimed to investigate the somatic and germline variants of the VHL gene in sporadic ccRCC patients from West Bengal, India, and their association with disease risk and clinicopathological parameters.

Fragment-specific Plate Fixation in a Case of Mayo Type IIB Olecranon Fracture: A Case Report.

Introduction: Olecranon fractures account for 5-7% of elbow fractures, making them a common injury. The majority of these fractures are treated surgically because they are intra-articular and can disrupt the elbow extensor mechanism. Mayo Type II fractures are displaced with a stable ulnohumeral joint, indicating intact ligamentous structures, particularly the anterior portion of the medial collateral ligament.

Quality of life among geriatric population living with functional disabilities: A comparison between urban and rural populations of West Bengal.

Introduction: Global elderly population's growth is evident, with projections reaching 2 billion by 2050, while India's geriatric population is expected to rise to 11.6% by 2026. Disparity in quality of life (QOL) and disabilities between urban and rural elderly exist, where rural elderly maintain active roles, while urban counterparts face economic insecurity post retirement.

Novel Variants of IGF2 Gene Are Linked With Neural Tube Defects-An In Silico to Clinical Approach in West Bengal, India.

Background: Neural tube defects (NTDs) are defined as an incomplete closure of the neural tube (NT), with a prevalence of 1.2 per 1000 live births around the world. Methylation of the maternally imprinted gene Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is one of the epigenetic mechanisms that contribute significantly to the development of NTDs.

Imagine, Discover, Inspire: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of the Trisomy 21 Research Society.

Down syndrome (DS) or trisomy 21 (T21) is present in a significant number of children and adults around the world and is associated with cognitive and medical challenges. Through research, the T21 Research Society (T21RS), established in 2014, unites a worldwide community dedicated to understanding the impact of T21 on biological systems and improving the quality of life of people with DS across the lifespan. T21RS hosts an international conference every two years to support collaboration, dissemination, and information sharing for this goal.

Investigation of Antibiotic-Releasing Biodegradable Composite Bone Cements for Treating Experimental Chronic Maxillofacial Bone Infection.

Chronic osteomyelitis of the maxillofacial bones (i.e., jaw bones) is a persistent infection that requires effective treatment.

Exploring cardiac vector propagation in acute myocardial infarction: a spatial velocity perspective.

Aims: To objectively characterize the spatial-velocity dynamics of the QRS-loop in the vectorcardiogram (VCG) of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods: VCG was constructed as a space curve directly with three quasi-orthogonal leads I, aVF and V2 recorded by conventional ECG of 25 healthy individuals and 50 AMI patients. Spatial velocity (SV) of the dynamic QRS loop, spatial distance (SD), and spatial magnitude (SM) were recorded, along with axis-specific component attributes of vector magnitude such as ΔX, ΔY, and ΔZ.

Present and Future Use of Exosomes in Dermatology.

Exposure to external environmental stimuli can lead to skin aging, pigmentation, hair loss, and various immune-mediated as well as connective tissue diseases. Although conventional treatments are routinely used and favoured, they fail to achieve an adequate balance between clinical and cosmetic outcomes. Exosomes are vesicles with a lipid bilayer released by several cell types.

Precision targeting of fat metabolism in triple negative breast cancer with a biotinylated copolymer.

Mitochondrial CPT1-mediated fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) critically contributes to the accelerated metastatic expansion of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Hence, inhibition of FAO through active CPT1 targeting could be a promising therapeutic approach in anti-TNBC therapies. Herein, we strategically synthesized a pyrene chain end labelled copolymer bearing biotin pendants, CP4, that actively targets CPT1 and efficiently blocks FAO in metastatic TNBC.

A Cheaper Alternative to Conventional Mid-urethral Sling Surgery Can Also Have Comparable Obstetric Outcome in the Long Term: A Case Report.

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common disorder in females, which significantly affects the quality of life in females. There are many consensus that describe the safety of childbearing after surgery for SUI, but still, a large proportion of surgeons worldwide recommend that women should wait to complete childbearing before pursuing surgical treatment for SUI. There is also some opinion that if patients conceive after surgical treatment for SUI, women should be delivered by cesarean section.

Evidence of "Silent" Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Psoriasis, Vitiligo, and Cases: A Pilot Study.

Background: Psoriasis (PS), vitiligo (VT), and (PR) are chronic skin diseases often occurring as a consequence of exaggerated immune responses. These skin manifestations can be triggered as a result of the molecular mimicry between viral protein (s) and host protein (s), which could generate auto-antibodies. In addition, it can be hypothesised that skin diseases are manifestations of the reduced immunity that is observed in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected individuals.

Secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with scrub typhus: A case report with a brief review of literature.

Scrub typhus is a very important cause of acute undifferentiated febrile illness in the Asia-Pacific region. Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and life-threatening condition characterised by widespread immune system activation, resulting in tissue damage throughout multiple organ systems. HLH is categorised into primary HLH, arising from intrinsic defects in lymphocytes and macrophages, and secondary HLH, primarily triggered by infections or connective tissue disorders.

Clinical evaluation of AYUSH-SL in patients receiving mass drug administration for the treatment of chronic inflammatory lymphedema, a double blind, placebo controlled, multicentric study.

Background Objectives: A 2.5-year placebo controlled double blind trial was conducted to investigate the safety and efficacy of AYUSH- SL, a poly- herbal Ayurvedic formulation on filarial lymphedema in different endemic areas of India. Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is caused by parasitic nematodes from Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, or B.

Etiological spectrum of acute kidney injury and adverse outcome: A single-center observation.

Background: The present study aims to evaluate the etiological spectrum with clinicopathological parameters and adverse outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods: A hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted for a spectrum of AKI in 103 AKI patients and their AKI-associated adverse outcomes. The AKI patients were included as per the KDIGO definition.

Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of extract and bioactive compounds from Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. flowers against Streptococcus mutans through cell membrane damage.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. (Family Saxifragaceae) remains mentioned as Pashanbheda in Ayurveda and Zakhmehayat in Unani.