640,240 results match your criteria: "CT; and Albert Einstein College of Medicine (R.B.L.)[Affiliation]"

Background: Owing to the risk for septic arthritis, traumatic arthrotomies are an urgent surgical problem for the treating orthopaedic surgeon. Traditionally, diagnosis is with the saline load test (SLT), although in the awake patient is an invasive and potentially painful procedure. While computerized tomography (CT) has been shown to be a reliable diagnostic tool for traumatic arthrotomies of other joints, its role has only recently been investigated in the setting of ankle arthrotomy.

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Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of vertical HIV transmission and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. In South Africa, syndromic management is the standard of care for STI management. We assessed the potential impact of point-of-care (POC) screening for curable STIs (Chlamydia trachomatis [CT], Trichomonas vaginalis [TV] and Neisseria gonorrhoeae [NG]) during pregnancy on vertical HIV transmission and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes.

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Fistulization involving both the sigmoid colon and urachus is exceedingly rare. While previous cases have often necessitated laparotomy due to the involvement of multiple organs, only one instance of successful laparoscopic surgery has been reported. Here, we present the second documented case of laparoscopic resection of a sigmoid-urachal fistula.

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The rising incidence of pancreatic diseases, including acute and chronic pancreatitis and various pancreatic neoplasms, poses a significant global health challenge. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) for example, has a high mortality rate due to late-stage diagnosis and its inaccessible location. Advances in imaging technologies, though improving diagnostic capabilities, still necessitate biopsy confirmation.

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Background: Transabdominal pre-peritoneal inguinal hernia repair using the da Vinci Single-Port robot (SP-TAPP) is currently performed in few centers. We aimed to define the learning curve for SP-TAPP by analyzing operative times.

Methods: The operative times of 122 SP-TAPP performed between 2019 and 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.

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Objectives: Trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) can be fatal but preventable if recognised early. With emerging uses of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) to guide transfusions in trauma, patient outcomes with TIC-defined by initial ROTEM and conventional coagulation tests (CCTs) during massive haemorrhage protocol (MHP) activations were evaluated at a primary trauma centre in British Columbia.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included adult trauma patients requiring MHP from June 1, 2020, to May 31, 2022.

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Epilepsy Stands Nearby: A Pilot CT Perfusion Study on Post-Stroke Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus.

Eur J Neurol

February 2025

IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy.

Background: To investigate the relevance of hyperperfusion on computerised perfusion imaging (CTP) in the emergency setting in people with non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) and previous stroke, to derive relevant aspects on the epileptogenic focus and the network recruited for NCSE propagation.

Methods: We enrolled consecutive adult patients with acute-onset NCSE and a previous stroke at a single institution undergoing CTP and EEG during symptoms. All patients underwent standard imaging including CT, CTP, CT angiograms and standard EEG within 30 min from hospital arrival.

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Background: The spatial resolution of new, photon counting detector (PCD) CT scanners is limited by the size of the focal spot. Smaller, brighter focal spots would melt the tungsten focal track of a conventional X-ray source.

Purpose: To propose focal spot multiplexing (FSM), an architecture to improve the power of small focal spots and thereby enable higher resolution clinical PCD CT.

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Background: The use of iodinated contrast-enhancing agents in computed tomography (CT) improves the visualization of relevant structures for radiotherapy treatment planning (RTP). However, it can lead to dose calculation errors by incorrectly converting a CT number to electron density.

Purpose: This study aimed to propose an algorithm for deriving virtual non-contrast (VNC) electron density from dual-energy CT (DECT) data.

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Background: Butaro Cancer Center of Excellence (BCCOE) was founded to serve Rwanda's rural low-income population, providing subsidized cancer diagnosis and treatment with transport stipends for the lowest-income patients. We examined whether travel distance to BCCOE was associated with advanced-stage diagnoses and treatment completion.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using medical record data from BCCOE patients with pathologically-confirmed breast cancer from 2012-2016.

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MC-LR induces and exacerbates Colitis in mice through the JAK1/STAT3 pathway.

J Toxicol Environ Health A

January 2025

Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex gastrointestinal disorder attributed to genetic and environmental factors. Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) is an environmental toxin that accumulates in the gut and produces intestinal damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exposure to MC-LR on development and progression of IBD as well examine the underlying mechanisms of microcystin-initiated tissue damage.

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Imbalance of oral microbiome homeostasis: the relationship between microbiota and the occurrence of dental caries.

BMC Microbiol

January 2025

State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Background: Streptococcus mutans is recognized as a key pathogen responsible for the development of dental caries. With the advancement of research on dental caries, the understanding of its pathogenic mechanism has gradually shifted from the theory of a single pathogenic bacterium to the theory of oral microecological imbalance. Acidogenic and aciduric microbial species are also recognized to participate in the initiation and progression of dental caries.

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Purpose: To compare same-day photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) to conventional energy-integrating detector CT (EID-CT) for detection of small renal stones (≤ 3 mm).

Methods: Patients undergoing clinical dual-energy EID-CT for known or suspected stone disease underwent same-day research PCD-CT. Patients with greater than 10 stones and no visible stones under 3 mm were excluded.

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Purpose: To develop and validate a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT based multimodal deep learning model for predicting pathological lymph node invasion (LNI) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients identified as candidates for extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) by preoperative nomograms.

Methods: [Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT scan of 116 eligible PCa patients (82 in the training cohort and 34 in the test cohort) who underwent radical prostatectomy with ePLND were analyzed in our study. The Med3D deep learning network was utilized to extract discriminative features from the entire prostate volume of interest on the PET/CT images.

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The difference of oropharyngeal microbiome during acute respiratory viral infections in infants and children.

Commun Biol

January 2025

School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Public Health Emergency Management Innovation Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) with multiple types of viruses are common in infants and children. This study was conducted to assess the difference of oropharyngeal microbiome during acute respiratory viral infection using whole-genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing. The overall taxonomic alpha diversity did not differ by the types of infected virus.

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Purpose: We examined the impact of the COVID-19 consortium recommendations on the surgical management of breast cancer during the first year of the pandemic.

Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed ER + DCIS, ER- DCIS, AJCC Stage cT1-2N0-1 ER + , HER2-, HER2 + , and triple negative breast cancer were identified from the National Cancer Database from 2018 to 2021. An interrupted time series design evaluated differences in surgical delay and use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy/immunotherapy (NAC) and endocrine therapy (NET) before and after the pandemic.

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The ABCB4 gene encodes multidrug resistance protein 3(MDR3), which is a phosphatidylcholine(PC) transfer enzyme that transfers lecithin from the inner part of the phospholipid bilayer to the extracellular bile. The occurrence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy(ICP) is closely related to ABCB4 variants, but there is limited research on this topic in southern Anhui, China. We sequenced ABCB4 in pregnant women with ICP and healthy pregnant women to explore the relationship.

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An essential task in spatial transcriptomics is identifying spatially variable genes (SVGs). Here, we present Celina, a statistical method for systematically detecting cell type-specific SVGs (ct-SVGs)-a subset of SVGs exhibiting distinct spatial expression patterns within specific cell types. Celina utilizes a spatially varying coefficient model to accurately capture each gene's spatial expression pattern in relation to the distribution of cell types across tissue locations, ensuring effective type I error control and high power.

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Medical image annotation is scarce and costly. Few-shot segmentation has been widely used in medical image from only a few annotated examples. However, its research on lesion segmentation for lung diseases is still limited, especially for pulmonary aspergillosis.

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The presence of a positive deep surgical margin in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) significantly elevates the risk of local recurrence. Therefore, a prompt and precise intraoperative assessment of margin status is imperative to ensure thorough tumor resection. In this study, we integrate Raman imaging technology with an artificial intelligence (AI) generative model, proposing an innovative approach for intraoperative margin status diagnosis.

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[A comparative study on the diagnostic value of F-PSMA PET/CT PRIMARY score and PSMA expression score for clinically significant prostate cancer].

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi

January 2025

Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China.

To compare the diagnostic value of fluorine 18-labelled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT PRIMARY score and PSMA expression score for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). The data of 70 patients with prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy at Beijing Hospital from February 1, 2019 to February 29, 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent whole body F-PSMA PET/CT examination before surgery and pathological large sections of prostate specimens were made after surgery.

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To establish and validate a nomogram based on clinical characteristics and metabolic parameters derived from F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) for prediction of high-grade patterns (HGP) in invasive lung adenocarcinoma. The clinical and PET/CT image data of 311 patients who were confirmed invasive lung adenocarcinoma and underwent pre-treatment F-FDG PET/CT scan in Beijing Hospital between October 2017 and March 2022 were retrospectively collected. The enrolled patients were divided into HGP group (196 patients) and non-HGP group (115 patients) according to the presence and absence of HGP.

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Evaluation of an image-rich quiz-based iOS app as a study resource for the ABR Core exam.

Curr Probl Diagn Radiol

January 2025

The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address:

The American Board of Radiology Core exam requires that trainees demonstrate knowledge of critical concepts across 12 domains spanning a range of imaging modalities and anatomic regions. Mobile apps have become popular components of medical and radiology education since the inception of smartphones. Numerous medical educational apps are accessible via smartphone devices and tablets, regardless of operating system, for medical training and learning purposes.

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