Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Benign Laryngeal Lesions: Insights from a Decade of Experience in a Tertiary Hospital.

Background: Benign laryngeal lesions, characterized by non-cancerous growths in the larynx, significantly impact voice quality and respiratory function. These lesions, which include vocal cord polyps, nodules, papillomas, and cysts, often result from factors such as vocal abuse, viral infections, and chronic inflammation. While studies on benign laryngeal lesions are well-documented globally, data specific to Northern Nigeria remains sparse.

Case Report: Neonatal onset intractable diarrhea and hypoproteinemia due to intestinal malrotation and chronic midgut volvulus.

Congenital diarrhea and enteropathies (CODEs) are a rare heterogeneous group of inherited disorders that typically present with severe chronic diarrhea during the first weeks of life. As a broad range of illnesses can present similarly in infants, establishing a definitive cause for CODEs is challenging. In this report, two infants were suspected to have CODE, with neonatal-onset chronic diarrhea and protein-losing enteropathy finally found to be due to intestinal malrotation and chronic midgut volvulus.

Advancing presurgical non-invasive spread through air spaces prediction in clinical stage IA lung adenocarcinoma using artificial intelligence and CT signatures.

Background: To accurately identify spread through air spaces (STAS) in clinical stage IA lung adenocarcinoma, our study developed a non-invasive and interpretable biomarker combining clinical and radiomics features using preoperative CT.

Methods: The study included a cohort of 1,325 lung adenocarcinoma patients from three centers, which was divided into four groups: a training cohort ( = 930), a testing cohort ( = 238), an external validation 1 cohort ( = 93), and 2 cohort ( = 64). We collected clinical characteristics and semantic features, and extracted radiomics features.

Impact of tumor position displacement during end-exhalation breath-hold condition on tumor dose in lung stereotactic body radiation therapy using volumetric modulated arc therapy.

Background And Purpose: In lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) using a breath-holding technique, displacement of tumor during breath-holding is rarely considered. This study used four-dimensional (4D) dose calculation with cine computed tomography (CT) to evaluate the impact of unexpected tumor position displacement during breath-holding on the target dose of lung volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT)-SBRT.

Materials And Methods: This study included 20 cases for which tumor position displacement during end-exhalation breath-holding (range: 0.

"I think we're on a cusp of some change:" coping and support for mental wellness among Black American women.

Introduction: Public discussions in the media (e.g., social media and reality shows) about Black women's mental health have become more common.

Weighted single-step genomic best linear unbiased predictor enhances the genomic prediction accuracy for milk citrate predicted by milk mid-infrared spectra of Holstein cows in early lactation.

Previous studies have shown that milk citrate predicted by milk mid-infrared (MIR) spectra is strongly affected by a few genomic regions. This study aimed to explore the effect of weighted single-step GBLUP on the accuracy of genomic prediction (GP) for MIR-predicted milk citrate in early-lactation Holstein cows. A total of 134,517 test-day predicted milk citrate collected within the first 50 DIM on 52,198 Holstein cows from the first 5 parities were used.

Predictive value of CT-based and AI-reconstructed 3D-TAPSE in patients undergoing transcatheter tricuspid valve repair.

Background: The tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) assessed by echocardiography has failed in predicting outcomes in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) undergoing transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention (TTVI). Considering the complex shape of the tricuspid annulus and right ventricle, as well as the difficult echocardiographic image acquisition of the right heart, cardiac computed tomography (CT) might be superior for the analysis of the annular excursion. Thus, this study aimed to analyze whether CT-captured TAPSE provides additional value in predicting outcomes after TTVI.

The impact of the interaction between BDNF rs7103411 gene polymorphism and social activities on mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling elderly adults.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between BDNF gene polymorphism, BDNF levels, and susceptibility to mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods: In this study, we investigated 107 elderly adults individuals from a community in Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, with an average age of 73.17 ± 7.

Spatiotemporal analysis of the effects of exercise on the hemodynamics of the aorta in hypertensive rats using fluid-structure interaction simulation.

Background And Objective: Hemodynamic changes that lead to increased blood pressure represent the main drivers of organ damage in hypertension. Prolonged increases to blood pressure can lead to vascular remodeling, which also affects vascular hemodynamics during the pathogenesis of hypertension. Exercise is beneficial for relieving hypertension, however the mechanistic link between exercise training and how it influences hemodynamics in the context of hypertension is not well understood.

A novel application perspective of the clinical-used drug verapamil on osteoporosis via targeting .

Background: RANKL and SCLEROSTIN antibodies have provided a strong effective choice for treating osteoporosis in the past years, which suggested novel molecular target identification and therapeutic strategies development are important for the treatment of osteoporosis. The therapeutic effect of verapamil, a drug previously used for cardiovascular diseases, on diabetes was due to the inhibition of TXNIP expression, which has also been reported as a target in mice osteoporosis. Whether verapamil-inhibited TXNIP expression is related to osteoporosis and how it works on the molecular level is worthy to be explored.

Evaluation of radiomic feature harmonization techniques for benign and malignant pulmonary nodules.

Background: Radiomics provides quantitative features of pulmonary nodules (PNs) which could aid lung cancer diagnosis, but medical image acquisition variability is an obstacle to clinical application. Acquisition effects may differ between radiomic features from benign vs. malignant PNs.

Elucidating the high compliance mechanism by which the urinary bladder fills under low pressures.

The high compliance of the urinary bladder during filling is essential for its proper function, enabling it to accommodate significant volumetric increases with minimal rise in transmural pressure. This study aimed to elucidate the physical mechanisms underlying this phenomenon by analyzing the ex vivo filling process in rat from a fully voided state to complete distension, without preconditioning, using three complementary imaging modalities. High-resolution micro-CT at 10.

A Vessel Bifurcation Landmark Pair Dataset for Abdominal CT Deformable Image Registration (DIR) Validation.

Deformable image registration (DIR) is an enabling technology in many diagnostic and therapeutic tasks. Despite this, DIR algorithms have limited clinical use, largely due to a lack of benchmark datasets for quality assurance during development. To support future algorithm development, here we introduce our first-of-its-kind abdominal CT DIR benchmark dataset, comprising large numbers of highly accurate landmark pairs on matching blood vessel bifurcations.

Estimating Task-based Performance Bounds for Accelerated MRI Image Reconstruction Methods by Use of Learned-Ideal Observers.

Medical imaging systems are commonly assessed and optimized by the use of objective measures of image quality (IQ). The performance of the ideal observer (IO) acting on imaging measurements has long been advocated as a figure-of-merit to guide the optimization of imaging systems. For computed imaging systems, the performance of the IO acting on imaging measurements also sets an upper bound on task-performance that no image reconstruction method can transcend.

Evaluation of 99Tcm-DTPA orbit SPECT/CT combined with thyroid function test in the treatment of radioactive iodine I-131 in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy-hyperthyroidism.

Background: Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an autoimmune response to inflammation of the thyroid and orbital tissue. This research evaluated the efficacy of 99Tcm-DTPA orbital SPECT/CT combined with thyroid function test in radioactive iodine I-131 (RAI) treatment of TAO-hyperthyroidism.

Methods: We retrospectively studied clinical activity score (CAS), blood thyrotropine (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thickness of extra-ocular muscle (EOM), and uptake rate (UR) of 99Tcm-DTPA orbital SPECT/CT of 43 patients after 6 months of treatment with 20 mCi RAI.

Revolutionizing ovarian cancer therapy by drug repositioning for accelerated and cost-effective treatments.

Drug repositioning, the practice of identifying novel applications for existing drugs beyond their originally intended medical indications, stands as a transformative strategy revolutionizing pharmaceutical productivity. In contrast to conventional drug development approaches, this innovative method has proven to be exceptionally effective. This is particularly relevant for cancer therapy, where the demand for groundbreaking treatments continues to grow.

Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging provides accurate staging of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, but is less preferred by patients.

Background: Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (wbMRI) allows general assessment of systemic cancers including lymphomas without radiation burden.

Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of wbMRI in the staging of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), determine the value of individual MRI sequences, and assess patients' concerns with wbMRI.

Methods: In this single-center prospective study, adult patients newly diagnosed with systemic DLBCL underwent wbMRI on a 3T scanner [diffusion weighted images with background suppression (DWIBS), T2, short tau inversion recovery (STIR), contrast-enhanced T1] and fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) (reference standard).

Trends in dentomaxillofacial radiology.

Oral and maxillofacial diagnostic imaging is of paramount importance in dental clinical diagnosis, treatment planning, and follow-up procedures. Periapical radiographic examination and numerous panoramic systems are used in routine clinical dental practice. Cone beam CT is widely used and currently the method of choice in oral and maxillofacial implantology, endodontics, maxillofacial surgery, periodontics, degenerative temporomandibular joint disease, orthodontics, airway studies, sleep disorders, and forensic dentistry.

Elevated serum CA 19-9 level mimicking pancreaticobiliary carcinoma from a hepatic abscess: case report and literature review.

Serum levels of the tumor marker CA 19-9 are widely utilized in the diagnosis and monitoring pancreatic and biliary malignancies. However, serum levels of CA 19-9 have also been reportedly elevated in non-malignant conditions. Here, we present the rare case of a 65-year-old woman with a history of gallbladder malignancy who was found to have a new hepatic lesion on surveillance CT with an associated elevation in CA 19-9 to 5,866 U/mL.

Empowerment in prevention: a qualitative inquiry into Black girl-centred strategies for reducing HIV/STI and drug misuse risk.

Black girls in the United States are disproportionately diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which can increase the risk of contracting HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), compared to adolescent girls of other races. Therefore, this study was designed to understand barriers to impactful HIV/STI and substance use prevention programmes for Black girls. Data was collected between October 2021 and June 2022 from twelve focus groups which included (N = 62) participants who identified as Black and female between the ages of 13 and 18 years old.

Effect of Troughing on the Identification of the Second Mesiobuccal Canals With and Without Calcifications in Maxillary First Molars.

This study tested the impact of troughing on the detection rates of MB2 canals with and without calcifications. Traditional access cavities were prepared and the detection of MB2 canals was recorded in 200 maxillary molars selected based on micro-CT scans. In specimens, the MB2 orifice was not detected; troughing was performed.

Effectiveness and safety of radionuclide synovectomy with Yttrium-90 hydroxyapatite in patients with inflammatory arthritis: a longitudinal study.

Background And Objective: Yttrium-90 plays a significant role in managing drug-resistant inflammatory arthritis through radionuclide synovectomy, where the radioisotope is injected into the affected joint to alleviate pain and inflammation by targeting the synovial tissue. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Yttrium-90 hydroxyapatite radionuclide synovectomy in improving joint functionality, as judged by physicians, in patients with inflammatory arthritis who had not responded to conventional treatments.

Methods: Patients with inflammatory arthritis were recruited from the orthopedics department and referred to the nuclear medicine department for evaluation.

Biomechanics of soft biological tissues and organs, mechanobiology, homeostasis and modelling.

The human body consists of many different soft biological tissues that exhibit diverse microstructures and functions and experience diverse loading conditions. Yet, under many conditions, the mechanical behaviour of these tissues can be described well with similar nonlinearly elastic or inelastic constitutive relations, both in health and some diseases. Such constitutive relations are essential for performing nonlinear stress analyses, which in turn are critical for understanding physiology, pathophysiology and even clinical interventions, including surgery.

Computed tomographic features of clinically suspected rhinitis in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

Background: The aim of this study was to characterise the computed tomographic (CT) findings in domestic rabbits with clinically suspected rhinitis and compare them with CT findings in rabbits without clinical signs of rhinitis.

Methods: CT images of rabbits that underwent a CT of the head were retrospectively reviewed and any CT abnormalities were described. Statistical analysis was performed to detect any association between the CT findings and clinical signs of rhinitis, and also to assess if there was any association between rhinitis and otitis media, otitis externa or dental disease.