Ambient temperature leads to differential immune strategies in the subterranean rodent Ctenomys talarum.

Animal thermoregulation may have significant costs and compete directly or indirectly with other energetically demanding processes, such as immune function. Although the subterranean environment is characterized by thermally-stable conditions, small changes in ambient temperature could be critical in shaping immunity. However, little is known about the effects of ambient temperature, in naturally varying ranges, on immunity of wild species.

Ultra-Early Hematoma Expansion Is Associated With Ongoing Hematoma Growth and Poor Functional Outcome.

There is limited data on ultra-early hematoma growth dynamics and its clinical relevance in primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We aimed to estimate the incidence of hematoma expansion (HE) within the hyperacute period of ICH, describe hematoma dynamics over time, investigate the associations between ultra-early HE and clinical outcomes after ICH, and assess the effect of tranexamic acid on ultra-early HE. We performed a planned secondary analysis of the STOP-MSU international multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Point-of-care ultrasound of the common carotid arteries for detection of large vessel occlusion stroke: Results of the POCUS-LVO study.

Introduction: Distal arterial occlusions can cause measurable changes in the flow wave profile in proximal segments of the feeding artery. Our objective was to study the diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) of the common carotid arteries (CCA) for detection of anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (ac-LVO) in patients with suspected stroke.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a prospective, single-center, observational study of adult patients with suspected stroke admitted in the emergency department.

Functional Remediation Improves Serum BDNF and TrkB Levels in Euthymic Patients with Bipolar Disorder: A Randomized Trial Study.

Purpose: We aimed to verify the impact of functional remediation (FR) on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) levels, to explore the biomechanism of FR intervention in patients with euthymic bipolar disorder (BD).

Patients And Methods: This is a randomized controlled, 12-week intervention study with participants randomized into the FR group (n=39) and the treatment as usual group (TAU, n=42) at the 1∶1 ratio. 17-Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HDRS-17), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) were used to assess affective symptoms and cognitive functioning both at baseline and week 12, respectively.

Conversion therapy for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma using gemcitabine plus S-1 combined with PD-1 inhibitors: a case report.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a highly malignant tumor of the liver and gallbladder, which is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and the opportunity for surgery is lost. Therefore, conversion therapy is important to convert the iCCA into a resectable state. In recent years, the conversion protocol of immuno-chemotherapy has been applied for advanced liver cancer.

Development and validation of an explainable machine learning prediction model of hemorrhagic transformation after intravenous thrombolysis in stroke.

Objective: To develop and validate an explainable machine learning (ML) model predicting the risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after intravenous thrombolysis.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients who received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA) thrombolysis within 4.5 h after symptom onset to form the original modeling cohort.

Radiomics-based Machine Learning Approach to Predict Chemotherapy Responses in Colorectal Liver Metastases.

Objectives: This study explored the clinical utility of CT radiomics-driven machine learning as a predictive marker for chemotherapy response in colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) patients.

Methods: We included 150 CRLM patients who underwent first-line doublet chemotherapy, dividing them into a training cohort (n=112) and a test cohort (n=38). We manually delineated three-dimensional tumor volumes, selecting the largest liver metastasis for measurement, using pretreatment portal-phase CT images and extracted 107 radiomics features.

Roux-en-Y Intussusception: A Case Report.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a bariatric surgical procedure commonly performed in adults to treat severe obesity. While RYGB is generally safe, it occasionally leads to rare but significant complications, including intussusception, a form of bowel obstruction caused by the invagination of an intestine segment from the proximal to the adjacent distal portion. We report a case of intussusception in a 74-year-old female patient who underwent RYGB 12 years prior.

Development of photodynamic therapy in treating oral diseases.

The morbidity of oral disorders, including gingivitis, caries, endodontic-periodontal diseases, and oral cancer, is relatively high globally. Pathogenic cells are the root cause of many oral disorders, and oral therapies depend on eradicating them. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been established as a potential and non-invasive local adjuvant treatment for oral disorders.

Predicting conversion to psychosis using machine learning: response to Cannon.

Background: We previously reported that machine learning could be used to predict conversion to psychosis in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis with up to 90% accuracy using the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study-3 (NAPLS-3) dataset. A definitive test of our predictive model that was trained on the NAPLS-3 data, however, requires further support through implementation in an independent dataset. In this report we tested for model generalization using the previous iteration of NAPLS-3, the NAPLS-2, using the identical machine learning algorithms employed in our previous study.

Risk of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Breast Cancer Patients Treated With CT-Guided Radiation Therapy: A Prospective Observational Study.

Purpose: The thyroid gland is an organ at risk in breast cancer survivors who receive radiation therapy to the supraclavicular lymph nodes. We investigated the effect of radiation dose to the thyroid gland on the incidence of hypothyroidism in early-stage breast cancer patients treated with CT-guided radiation therapy.

Patients And Methods: We recruited women aged ≤75 years diagnosed with breast cancer from March 2016 through August 2017 at Odense University Hospital, Denmark.

Mineralized tissue loss at the femoral ACL enthesis in young male ACL-injured patients.

Purpose: Primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction graft failure remains a significant health concern in young patients. Despite the high incidence of poor graft integration in these patients and the resulting high failure rate, little consideration has been given to the quality of the bone into which the graft is anchored at reconstruction. Therefore, we investigated post ACL injury mineralized tissue changes in the ACL femoral entheses of young males and compared them to changes previously reported for young females.

Case Report: First use of dental bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate composite without UV light polymerization for repair of iatrogenic CSF leak following a frontal craniotomy plus tumor resection.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (bis-GMA) without UV light polymerization for the repair of refractory iatrogenic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks with large skull base defects.

Background: CSF leakage remains a common complication after neurosurgical interventions with a substantial resultant impact on morbidity and increased healthcare costs. The management of refractory CSF leaks with large skull base defects remains challenging.

CT Texture Analysis in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing CT-Guided Bone Biopsy: Correlations With Histopathology.

Background: Texture analysis has the potential to deliver quantitative imaging markers. Patients receiving computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous bone biopsies could be characterized using texture analysis derived from CT. Especially for breast cancer (BC) patients, it could be crucial to better predict the outcome of the biopsy to better reflect the immunohistochemistry status of the tumor.

Correction to: Dual Radionuclide Therapy: The Synergistic Effects of [Tb]Tb-PSMA and [Lu]Lu-PSMA in Advanced Prostate Cancer Post [Lu]Lu-PSMA Failure.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s13139-024-00871-4.].

Correction to: Recent Update on PET/CT Radiotracers for Imaging Cerebral Glioma.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s13139-024-00847-4.].

Nuclear Medicine Imaging in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Summary of the Korean Thyroid Association Guidelines 2024 from Nuclear Medicine Perspective, Part-I.

Thyroid cancer, one of the most common endocrine tumors, generally has a favorable prognosis but remains a significant medical and societal concern due to its high incidence. Early diagnosis and treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) significantly affect long-term outcomes, requiring the selection and application of appropriate initial treatments to improve prognosis and quality of life. Recent advances in technology and health information systems have enhanced our understanding of the molecular genetics of thyroid cancer, facilitating the identification of aggressive subgroups and enabling the accumulation of research on risk factors through big data.

Diagnostic Ability and Correlation of Digital C-Methionine PET/CT in Primary Hyperparathyroidism with Inconclusive Standard Imaging.

Purpose: C-Methionine PET/CT is a promising method for detecting parathyroid lesions in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). We aimed to determine the diagnostic ability and correlation of digital C-Methionine PET/CT for parathyroid lesions in patients with PHPT, particularly in cases where standard imaging methods yielded inconclusive results.

Methods: This retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with PHPT who underwent digital C-Methionine PET/CT imaging because of ambiguous results on standard imaging work-up (Tc-MIBI parathyroid scan and/or neck ultrasonography).

F-FDG PET/CT in Inflammation and Infection: Procedural Guideline by the Korean Society of Nuclear Medicine.

Abstract: This guideline outlines the use of F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography / computed tomography for the diagnosis and management of infectious and inflammatory diseases. It provides detailed recommendations for healthcare providers on patient preparation, imaging procedures, and the interpretation of results. Adapted from international standards and tailored to local clinical practices, the guideline emphasizes safety, quality control, and effective use of the technology in various conditions, including spinal infections, diabetic foot, osteomyelitis, vasculitis, and cardiac inflammation.

F-FDOPA PET/CT in Oncology: Procedural Guideline by the Korean Society of Nuclear Medicine.

This guideline outlines the use of 3,4-dihydroxy-6-F-fluoro-L-phenylalanine positron emission tomography / computed tomography for the diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine tumors, brain tumors, and other tumorous conditions. It provides detailed recommendations on patient preparation, imaging procedures, and result interpretation. Based on international standards and adapted to local clinical practices, the guideline emphasizes safety, quality control, and the effective application of 3,4-dihydroxy-6-F-fluoro-L-phenylalanine positron emission tomography / computed tomography for various tumors such as insulinomas, pheochromocytomas, and medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Factors Associated With Multi-Drug Resistant Organisms Among Bronchiectasis Patients: A Retrospective Study of Bronchiectasis Patients in Jordan.

Background: Bronchiectasis, a respiratory ailment, significantly impacts the life expectancy of individuals. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) among bronchiectasis patients, the resistance patterns within various antibiotic classes, and the associated factors with these organisms.

Methods: A retrospective observational analysis was conducted on adult bronchiectasis patients attending clinics at Jordan University Hospital.

Cocoa Seeds as a Phytobezoar Causing Intestinal Obstruction in a Ghanaian Child: A Case Report.

Phytobezoars are indigestible organic matter that forms organized masses in the gastrointestinal tract. Seeds reported causing bezoars include sunflower seeds, watermelon seeds, and wild banana seeds. Cocoa seeds causing bezoar have not been reported.

Postoperative Surveillance Adherence in Colorectal Cancer Patients at Urban Medical Centers: Is It Adequate?

Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most frequent cancers in the United States. There are recognized guidelines for monitoring after curative CRC excision. This study looks into the rate of compliance with surveillance guidelines following CRC resection, as well as the impact of demographic characteristics.