Computerized Tomography for Diagnosing Traumatic Arthrotomies of the Ankle.

Background: Owing to the risk for septic arthritis, traumatic arthrotomies are an urgent surgical problem for the treating orthopaedic surgeon. Traditionally, diagnosis is with the saline load test (SLT), although in the awake patient is an invasive and potentially painful procedure. While computerized tomography (CT) has been shown to be a reliable diagnostic tool for traumatic arthrotomies of other joints, its role has only recently been investigated in the setting of ankle arthrotomy.

The effect of STI screening during pregnancy on vertical transmission of HIV and adverse pregnancy outcomes in South Africa: a modelling study.

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of vertical HIV transmission and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. In South Africa, syndromic management is the standard of care for STI management. We assessed the potential impact of point-of-care (POC) screening for curable STIs (Chlamydia trachomatis [CT], Trichomonas vaginalis [TV] and Neisseria gonorrhoeae [NG]) during pregnancy on vertical HIV transmission and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes.

A Rare Case of Sigmoid-Urachal Fistula in an Adult Male Resected Laparoscopically.

Fistulization involving both the sigmoid colon and urachus is exceedingly rare. While previous cases have often necessitated laparotomy due to the involvement of multiple organs, only one instance of successful laparoscopic surgery has been reported. Here, we present the second documented case of laparoscopic resection of a sigmoid-urachal fistula.

Artificial Intelligence in Pancreatic Imaging: A Systematic Review.

The rising incidence of pancreatic diseases, including acute and chronic pancreatitis and various pancreatic neoplasms, poses a significant global health challenge. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) for example, has a high mortality rate due to late-stage diagnosis and its inaccessible location. Advances in imaging technologies, though improving diagnostic capabilities, still necessitate biopsy confirmation.

Comparison of conventional coagulation tests and ROTEM in identifying trauma-induced coagulopathy for massive haemorrhage protocol activation.

Objectives: Trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) can be fatal but preventable if recognised early. With emerging uses of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) to guide transfusions in trauma, patient outcomes with TIC-defined by initial ROTEM and conventional coagulation tests (CCTs) during massive haemorrhage protocol (MHP) activations were evaluated at a primary trauma centre in British Columbia.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included adult trauma patients requiring MHP from June 1, 2020, to May 31, 2022.

The association of travel distance and other patient characteristics with breast cancer stage at diagnosis and treatment completion at a rural Rwandan cancer facility.

Background: Butaro Cancer Center of Excellence (BCCOE) was founded to serve Rwanda's rural low-income population, providing subsidized cancer diagnosis and treatment with transport stipends for the lowest-income patients. We examined whether travel distance to BCCOE was associated with advanced-stage diagnoses and treatment completion.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using medical record data from BCCOE patients with pathologically-confirmed breast cancer from 2012-2016.

MC-LR induces and exacerbates Colitis in mice through the JAK1/STAT3 pathway.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex gastrointestinal disorder attributed to genetic and environmental factors. Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) is an environmental toxin that accumulates in the gut and produces intestinal damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exposure to MC-LR on development and progression of IBD as well examine the underlying mechanisms of microcystin-initiated tissue damage.

Imbalance of oral microbiome homeostasis: the relationship between microbiota and the occurrence of dental caries.

Background: Streptococcus mutans is recognized as a key pathogen responsible for the development of dental caries. With the advancement of research on dental caries, the understanding of its pathogenic mechanism has gradually shifted from the theory of a single pathogenic bacterium to the theory of oral microecological imbalance. Acidogenic and aciduric microbial species are also recognized to participate in the initiation and progression of dental caries.

Improved display and detection of small renal stones using photon-counting detector CT compared to conventional energy-integrating detector CT.

Purpose: To compare same-day photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) to conventional energy-integrating detector CT (EID-CT) for detection of small renal stones (≤ 3 mm).

Methods: Patients undergoing clinical dual-energy EID-CT for known or suspected stone disease underwent same-day research PCD-CT. Patients with greater than 10 stones and no visible stones under 3 mm were excluded.

PSMA PET/CT based multimodal deep learning model for accurate prediction of pelvic lymph-node metastases in prostate cancer patients identified as candidates for extended pelvic lymph node dissection by preoperative nomograms.

Purpose: To develop and validate a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT based multimodal deep learning model for predicting pathological lymph node invasion (LNI) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients identified as candidates for extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) by preoperative nomograms.

Methods: [Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT scan of 116 eligible PCa patients (82 in the training cohort and 34 in the test cohort) who underwent radical prostatectomy with ePLND were analyzed in our study. The Med3D deep learning network was utilized to extract discriminative features from the entire prostate volume of interest on the PET/CT images.

The difference of oropharyngeal microbiome during acute respiratory viral infections in infants and children.

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) with multiple types of viruses are common in infants and children. This study was conducted to assess the difference of oropharyngeal microbiome during acute respiratory viral infection using whole-genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing. The overall taxonomic alpha diversity did not differ by the types of infected virus.

Did the COVID-19 consortium recommendations impact the treatment of breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Purpose: We examined the impact of the COVID-19 consortium recommendations on the surgical management of breast cancer during the first year of the pandemic.

Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed ER + DCIS, ER- DCIS, AJCC Stage cT1-2N0-1 ER + , HER2-, HER2 + , and triple negative breast cancer were identified from the National Cancer Database from 2018 to 2021. An interrupted time series design evaluated differences in surgical delay and use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy/immunotherapy (NAC) and endocrine therapy (NET) before and after the pandemic.

Association between ABCB4 variants and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.

The ABCB4 gene encodes multidrug resistance protein 3(MDR3), which is a phosphatidylcholine(PC) transfer enzyme that transfers lecithin from the inner part of the phospholipid bilayer to the extracellular bile. The occurrence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy(ICP) is closely related to ABCB4 variants, but there is limited research on this topic in southern Anhui, China. We sequenced ABCB4 in pregnant women with ICP and healthy pregnant women to explore the relationship.

Statistical identification of cell type-specific spatially variable genes in spatial transcriptomics.

An essential task in spatial transcriptomics is identifying spatially variable genes (SVGs). Here, we present Celina, a statistical method for systematically detecting cell type-specific SVGs (ct-SVGs)-a subset of SVGs exhibiting distinct spatial expression patterns within specific cell types. Celina utilizes a spatially varying coefficient model to accurately capture each gene's spatial expression pattern in relation to the distribution of cell types across tissue locations, ensuring effective type I error control and high power.

Multilevel support-assisted prototype optimization network for few-shot medical segmentation of lung lesions.

Medical image annotation is scarce and costly. Few-shot segmentation has been widely used in medical image from only a few annotated examples. However, its research on lesion segmentation for lung diseases is still limited, especially for pulmonary aspergillosis.

GenAI synthesis of histopathological images from Raman imaging for intraoperative tongue squamous cell carcinoma assessment.

The presence of a positive deep surgical margin in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) significantly elevates the risk of local recurrence. Therefore, a prompt and precise intraoperative assessment of margin status is imperative to ensure thorough tumor resection. In this study, we integrate Raman imaging technology with an artificial intelligence (AI) generative model, proposing an innovative approach for intraoperative margin status diagnosis.

[A comparative study on the diagnostic value of F-PSMA PET/CT PRIMARY score and PSMA expression score for clinically significant prostate cancer].

To compare the diagnostic value of fluorine 18-labelled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT PRIMARY score and PSMA expression score for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). The data of 70 patients with prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy at Beijing Hospital from February 1, 2019 to February 29, 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent whole body F-PSMA PET/CT examination before surgery and pathological large sections of prostate specimens were made after surgery.

[Development and validation of a nomogram combining clinical and F-FDG PET/CT parameters for prediction of high-grade patterns in invasive lung adenocarcinoma].

To establish and validate a nomogram based on clinical characteristics and metabolic parameters derived from F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) for prediction of high-grade patterns (HGP) in invasive lung adenocarcinoma. The clinical and PET/CT image data of 311 patients who were confirmed invasive lung adenocarcinoma and underwent pre-treatment F-FDG PET/CT scan in Beijing Hospital between October 2017 and March 2022 were retrospectively collected. The enrolled patients were divided into HGP group (196 patients) and non-HGP group (115 patients) according to the presence and absence of HGP.

Longitudinal Assessment of Pulmonary Involvement and Prognosis in Different Subtypes of COVID-19 Patients After One Year Using Low-Dose CT: A Prospective Observational Study.

Rationale And Objectives: Severe COVID-19 typically results in pulmonary sequelae. However, current research lacks clarity on the differences in these sequelae among various clinical subtypes. This study aimed to evaluate the changing lung imaging features and predictive factors in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in northern China over a 12-month follow-up period after the relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions in 2022.

Practice Advisory for Postoperative Pain Management of Thoracic Surgical Patients: Executive Summary: A Report by Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists.

Patients after thoracic surgery experience significant pain that can disrupt normal respiratory mechanics, increase the risk of respiratory complications, and impair recovery. Poorly controlled postoperative pain can develop into persistent postoperative pain. In addition, using opioids for pain control in the thoracic surgical population makes them more susceptible to opioid-related side effects due to their pre-existing comorbidities.

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Jaws: A Retrospective Analysis of 19 Cases.

Objective: To analyse the clinical, radiographic, and pathological characteristics of aneurysmal bone cyst of the jaws (JABCs), and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 19 patients with JABC diagnosed from 2018 to 2022.

Results: Of the 19 JABC patients (5 males, 14 females, aged 7-53 years, mean 23.

Safety, tolerability and therapeutic efficacy of anti-inflammatory drug pirfenidone in acute pancreatitis patients: Protocol for a randomized pilot clinical trial.

Background: Acute Pancreatitis (AP) is a formidable disease with significant morbidity, mortality and healthcare expenditure. There is an emergent need to develop therapeutic agents for this disease as there are no targeted therapies available. We have recently demonstrated that pirfenidone can significantly decrease the severity of AP in animal models.

Classifying Unstructured Text in Electronic Health Records for Mental Health Prediction Models: Large Language Model Evaluation Study.

Background: Prediction models have demonstrated a range of applications across medicine, including using electronic health record (EHR) data to identify hospital readmission and mortality risk. Large language models (LLMs) can transform unstructured EHR text into structured features, which can then be integrated into statistical prediction models, ensuring that the results are both clinically meaningful and interpretable.

Objective: This study aims to compare the classification decisions made by clinical experts with those generated by a state-of-the-art LLM, using terms extracted from a large EHR data set of individuals with mental health disorders seen in emergency departments (EDs).

Development of a Clinically Applicable Deep Learning System Based on Sparse Training Data to Accurately Detect Acute Intracranial Hemorrhage from Non-enhanced Head Computed Tomography.

Non-enhanced head computed tomography is widely used for patients presenting with head trauma or stroke, given acute intracranial hemorrhage significantly influences clinical decision-making. This study aimed to develop a deep learning algorithm, referred to as DeepCT, to detect acute intracranial hemorrhage on non-enhanced head computed tomography images and evaluate its clinical applicability. We retrospectively collected 1,815 computed tomography image sets from a single center for model training.