Mechanical behaviour of additively manufactured bioactive glass/high density polyethylene composites.

Bioactive glass (BAG) is a well-known biomaterial that can form a strong bond with hard and soft tissues and can also aid in bone regeneration. In this study, BAG is added to a polymer to induce bioactivity and to realize fused filament fabrication (FFF) based printing of polymer composites for potential orthopaedic implant applications. BAG (5, 10, and 20 wt%) is melt compounded with high density polyethylene (HDPE) and subsequently extruded into feedstock filament for FFF-printing.

Pro-Oxidant Therapeutic Activities of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in Colorectal Carcinoma Cells.

Given that basal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are higher in cancer cells, there is a growing school of thought that endorses pro-oxidants as potential chemotherapeutic agents. Intriguingly, cerium oxide (CeO) nanoparticles can manifest either anti- or pro-oxidant activity as a function of differential pH of various subcellular localizations. In an acidic pH environment, for example, in extracellular milieu of cancer cells, CeO would function as a pro-oxidant.

A simple electrochemical approach to fabricate functionalized MWCNT-nanogold decorated PEDOT nanohybrid for simultaneous quantification of uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine.

Medical diagnostics and detection of food spoilage require estimation of hypoxanthine (HX), xanthine (XN), and uric acid (UA). A selective sensing platform has been proposed for simultaneous detection of all these species. Functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (fMWCNT) stabilized nanogold decorated PEDOT:TOS polymeric nanocomposite (Au-PEDOT-fMWCNT) was synthesized through rapid one-step electropolymerization to enhance conductivity and active surface area by several folds.

Degradation, wettability and surface characteristics of laser surface modified Mg-Zn-Gd-Nd alloy.

This work evaluates the effects of laser surface modification on Mg-Zn-Gd-Nd alloy which is a potential biodegradable material for temporary bone implant applications. The laser surface melted (LSM) samples were investigated for microstructure, wettability, surface hardness and in vitro degradation. The microstructural study was carried out using scanning and transmission electron microscopes (SEM, TEM) and the phases present were analyzed using X-ray diffraction.

Development of nano-porous hydroxyapatite coated e-glass for potential bone-tissue engineering application: An in vitro approach.

To reconstruct the defects caused by craniectomies autologous, bone grafting was usually used, but they failed most commonly due to bone resorption, infections and donor-site morbidity. In the present investigation, an effort has been made for the first time to check the feasibility and advantage of using hydroxyapatite (HAp) coated e-glass as component of bone implants. Sol-gel synthesized coatings were found to be purely hydroxyapatite from XRD with graded and interconnected pores all over the surface observable in TEM.

Influence of pressure on the transport, magnetic, and structural properties of superconducting CrNbSe single crystal.

We investigate the superconducting critical current density ( ), transition temperature ( ), and flux pinning properties under hydrostatic pressure () for CrNbSe single crystal. The application of enhances in both electrical resistivity (∼0.38 K GPa: 0 ≤ ≤ 2.

Parakeet Hemoglobin - Its Crystal Structure and Oxygen Affinity in Relation to Some Avian Hemoglobins.

Background: "Avians" often show efficient oxygen management to meet the demands of their metabolism. Hemoglobin, a transporter protein consists of four non-covalently linked subunits contain haem binding hydrophobic pocket serves as a site of allosteric cooperativity. The physiology and anatomy of both mammals and avian are functionally different, in birds, the respiratory system formed by small air sacs that serve as tidal ventilation for the lungs and have no significant exchange across their cells.

Influence of gold nanoparticles on the nonlinear optical and photoluminescence properties of EuO doped alkali borate glasses.

Alkali borate glasses activated with trivalent europium ions and rooted with gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesised through a melt quenching process involving a selective thermochemical reduction and their applicability as photonic materials was assessed in detail. Non-linear optical (NLO) measurements were performed using a Z-scan approach in the wavelength range of 700-1000 nm. The open aperture Z-scan signatures for the Eu-containing glasses embedded with and without the Au NPs established a reverse saturable absorption (RSA) at all of the studied wavelengths ascribed to the two-photon absorption (2PA).

Nitrogen photofixation ability of g-CN nanosheets/BiMoO heterojunction photocatalyst under visible-light illumination.

In this study, we combined bismuth molybdate with graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets with different percentages of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, in which noticeable N photoreduction under visible-light illumination was seen for the binary g-CN nanosheets/BiMoO photocatalysts, denoted as NCN/BMO. The XPS, HRTEM, TEM, XRD, EDX, UV-vis DRS, N adsorption-desorption, FT-IR, TGA, PL, photocurrent, and EIS instruments were utilized to characterize the fabricated photocatalysts. The results displayed the construction of type-II heterojunction between the NCN and BMO components for the easy charge transfer.

Mesoporous bioactive glasses for bone healing and biomolecules delivery.

Impact of bone diseases and injury is increasing at an enormous rate during the past decades due to increase in road traffic accidents and other injuries. Bioactive glasses have excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity that makes it suitable for bone regeneration. Researches and studies conducted on several bioactive glasses gives an insight on the need of multi-disciplinary approaches involving various scientific fields to attain its full potential.

In Situ Synthesis of Mesoporous TiO Nanofibers Surface-Decorated with AuAg Alloy Nanoparticles Anchored by Heterojunction Exhibiting Enhanced Solar Active Photocatalysis.

We designed an electrospinning synthesis protocol to obtain in situ, the mesoporous TiO nanofibers, which are surface-decorated with plasmonic AuAg nanoparticles (AuAg-mTNF-H). Such alloy nanoparticles are found to be partially exposed on the surface of the nanofibers. Characterization by HRTEM and EDS confirmed the formation of 1:1 AuAg alloy nanoparticles on the surface of TiO nanofibers with heterojunction at the interfaces.

Correction to "Nitrogen-Doped Nanoporous Carbon Nanospheroids for Selective Dye Adsorption and Pb(II) Ion Removal from Waste Water".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01252.

High-Pressure Phase Transitions of Morphologically Distinct ZnSnO Nanostructures.

Many aspects of nanostructured materials at high pressures are still unexplored. We present here, high-pressure structural behavior of two ZnSnO nanomaterials with inverse spinel type, one a particle with size of ∼7 nm [zero dimensional (0-D)] and the other with a chain-like [one dimensional (1-D)] morphology. We performed in situ micro-Raman and synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements and observed that the cation disordering of the 0-D nanoparticle is preserved up to ∼40 GPa, suppressing the reported martensitic phase transformation.

Facet-Dependent Photodegradation of Methylene Blue Using Pristine CeO Nanostructures.

This work comprises the shape- and facet-dependent catalytic efficacies of different morphologies of CeO, namely, hexagonal, rectangular, and square. The formation of different shapes of CeO is controlled using polyvinyl pyrrolidone as a surfactant. The surface reactivity of formation of differently exposed CeO facets is thoroughly investigated using UV-visible, photoluminescence, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies.

Polyaniline-Layered Rutile TiO Nanorods as Alternative Photoanode in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.

In this paper, dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) performance of the less explored polymorph of TiO, rutile, has been explored, and its performance has been modified with polyaniline (PANI) wrapping on the surface. For this purpose, highly crystalline rutile nanorods have been synthesized without any growth-directing substrates, employing a hydrothermal treatment. Further, to understand the phase composition and morphology, the synthesized nanorods and PANI-layered nanorods have been characterized through various physicochemical methods.

Scalable Synthesis of Hide Substance-Chitosan-Hydroxyapatite: Novel Biocomposite from Industrial Wastes and Its Efficiency in Dye Removal.

A novel porous polymer-inorganic hybrid biocomposite with various functional groups (hide substance/chitosan/hydroxyapatite) has been synthesized in simple, economic, and scalable process utilizing leather industry solid waste and seafood industry waste composed with hydroxyapatite. Physicochemical characterization of the material reveals formation of composites with homogenous distribution of the constituents in the material matrix. The composite is hard and porous (with 0.

Bimetallic PdFe nanodendrites embedded in graphitic carbon nanosheets as highly efficient anode electrocatalysts.

A facile route to anchor a nanoalloy catalyst on graphitic carbon nanosheets (GCNs) has been developed for preparing high-performance electrode materials for application in direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs). Uniformly dispersed bimetallic Pd-Fe nanoparticles (NPs) with tunable composition have been immobilized on GCNs derived from mesocarbon microbeads (MCMBs) by a one-pot radiolytic reduction method. The Pd-Fe/GCN hybrid shows promising electrocatalytic activity for the methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, tri-ethylene glycol and glycerol oxidation reactions in alkaline medium.

Au nanoparticle-decorated aragonite microdumbbells for enhanced antibacterial and anticancer activities.

The present work reports the very first hydrothermal synthesis of 100% triclinic phase pure aragonite (A1) with microdumbbell microstructural architecture and Au Nanoparticle-decorated (AuNP-decorated) aragonites (A2, A3 and A4) with spherical, pentagonal/hexagonal and agglomerated AuNP-decorated microdumbbells having triclinic aragonite phase as the major and cubic AuNPs as the minor phase. Even in dark the AuNP-decorated aragonites (especially A2) show efficacies as high 90% against gram-negative e.g.

Development and Characterization of Acellular Caprine Choncal Cartilage Matrix for Tissue Engineering Applications.

Because of poor regenerative capabilities of cartilage, reconstruction of similar rigidity and flexibility is difficult, challenging, and restricted. The aim of the present investigation was to develop cost-effective acellular xenogeneic biomaterial as cartilage substitution. Two novel biometrics have been developed using different chemical processes (Na-deoxycholate + SDS and GndHCl + NaOH) to decellularize caprine (goat) ear cartilage and further extensively characterized before preclinical investigation.

Effect of fluorine substitution on sintering behaviour, mechanical and bioactivity of hydroxyapatite.

Fluorine substituted hydroxyapatite (FAp) with different degree of fluorine (F) substitution, has been synthesized using hydrothermal synthesis method. In the present work, as synthesized powders were consolidated by sintering at 1200 °C in air for 1 h. The sintered specimens were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase analysis.

Prospective treatment of Parkinson's disease by a siRNA-LDH nanoconjugate.

In the world, among the neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's is the second most common disease. Although several medications are available in the market, this disease still remains incurable and only the symptoms are controlled to a certain extent with severe side effects. For these reasons we decided to search for a novel therapeutic measure.

Redistribution of native defects and photoconductivity in ZnO under pressure.

Control and design of native defects in semiconductors are extremely important for industrial applications. Here, we investigated the effect of external hydrostatic pressure on the redistribution of native defects and their impact on structural phase transitions and photoconductivity in ZnO. We investigated morphologically distinct rod- (ZnO-R) and flower-like (ZnO-F) ZnO microstructures where the latter contains several native defects namely, oxygen vacancies, zinc interstitials and oxygen interstitials.

Prospects of Photonic Crystal Fiber as Physical Sensor: An Overview.

Photonic crystal fiber sensors have potential application in environmental monitoring, industry, biomedicine, food preservation, and many more. These sensors work based on advanced and flexible phototonic crystal fiber (PCF) structures, controlled light propagation for the measurement of amplitude, phase, polarization and wavelength of spectrum, and PCF-incorporated interferometry techniques. In this article various PCF-based physical sensors are summarized with the advancement of time based on reported works.

Potential of growth factor incorporated mesoporous bioactive glass for in vivo bone regeneration.

Mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) has drawn much attention due to its superior surface texture, porosity and bioactive characteristics. Aim of the present study is to synthesize MBG using different surfactants, viz., hexadecyltrimethylamonium(CTAB) (M1), poly-ethylene glycol (PEG) (M2) and pluronic P123 (M3); bioactivity study; and to understand their bone regeneration efficacy in combination with insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1) in animal bone defect model.