Microbial crosstalk with dermal immune system: A review on emerging analytical methods for macromolecular detection and therapeutics.

According to global health metrics, clinical symptoms such as cellulitis and pyoderma associated with skin diseases are a significant burden worldwide, affecting 2.2 million disability-adjusted life years in 2020. There is a strong correlation between the commensal bacteria and the host immune system.

Unraveling the Synergistic Role of Sm Doped NiFe-LDH as High-Performance Electrocatalysts for Improved Anion Exchange Membrane and Water Splitting Applications.

Effective first-row transition metal-based electrocatalysts are crucial for large-scale hydrogen energy generation and anion exchange membrane (AEM) devices in water splitting. The present work describes that SmNiFe-LDH nanosheets on nickel foam are used as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for water splitting and AEM water electrolyzer study. Tuning the Ni-to-Fe ratios in NiFe-LDH and doping with Sm ions improves the electrical structure and intrinsic activity.

Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence by Knocking Out Gold Active Sites.

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of the conventional system of [Ru(bpy)] luminophore and amine-based coreactants is particularly inefficient on noble metal electrodes. This is due to the formation of a passivating oxide layer on the metal surface inhibiting the electro-oxidation of amines like tri-n-propylamine (TPrA) coreactant. Herein, we demonstrated the enhancement of ECL emission on gold surface by hydroxyl radicals attack that are chemically generated with Cu-Fenton reagent.

Metal-Free Electrocatalytic Alkaline Water Splitting by Porous Macrocyclic Proton Sponges.

Macrocycles are unique as they encapsulate and transfer guest molecules or ions and facilitate catalytic processes. Although metalated macrocycles are pivotal in electrocatalytic processes, using metal-free analogs has been rare. Following the strategy of Kanbara et al.

MWCNTs-Beta-Cyclodextrin-reduced graphene oxide gel based electrochemical sensor for simultaneous detection of dopamine and uric acid in human sweat samples.

Accurate determination of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) in biological samples is crucial in diagnosing neurodegenerative disorders and gout, respectively. Here we report a highly sensitive and inexpensive, flexible screen-printed sensor for determining DA and UA in sweat samples. Beta-cyclodextrin-based (βCD) composite gel with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized by self-polymerization of βCD at an optimum ratio of "good" and "poor solvent".

Synergistic effects of calcium and zinc on bio-functionalized 3D Ti cancellous bone scaffold with enhanced osseointegration capacity in rabbit model.

The present research aims to develop a Ca-Zn ion-incorporated surface functionalized 3D Ti cancellous bone scaffold for bone defect repair. The scaffold is designed to mimic human cancellous bone architecture through selective laser melting-based additive manufacturing. The chemical-based surface modification approach employed here created a Ca and Zn ions incorporated nano-porous surface layer with enhanced surface roughness and hydrophilicity.

Electrochemically grafted gallic acid-chitosan: a metal-free redox platform for regiospecific oligopeptide-viral spike protein interaction.

Electrochemical grafting of gallic acid with chitosan (EgGC) voltammetrically deposited on a multitude of substrates exhibiting reversible oxidoreduction suitable for sensor construction is reported. A bioreceptor customized from the fragment antigen binding region of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies immobilized on an EgGC matrix supported the selective/specific electrochemical signal transduction with respect to different viral loads (femtogram level) of SARS-CoV-2.

Electrified liquid - liquid interface strategy for sensing lactic acid in buttermilk extract.

Lactic acid (LA) serves as a freshness marker in certain foods. In the present work, electrified interfaces of different nature (i.e.

2D organic nanosheets of self-assembled guanidinium derivative for efficient single sodium-ion conduction: rationalizing morphology editing and ion conduction.

The resurgence of interest in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is largely driven by their natural abundance and favourable cost, apart from their comparable electrochemical performance when compared with lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The uneven geographic distribution of the raw materials required for LIBs has also contributed to this. The solid-state electrolyte (SSE) is typically one of the vital components for energy storage in SIBs and for achieving high electrochemical performances.

Electro-responsive Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (E-MIPs) for Rapid Detection of Progesterone in Human Serum Samples.

Rapid and reagent-free detection of progesterone (P4) is crucial in point-of-care (POC) measurement due to its important role in the human endocrine and central nervous system. Currently available technologies for P4 detection are often not rapid or require reagents, limiting their use in POC settings. In this work, a self-signaling electrochemical sensing platform for rapid detection of P4 is developed by using electroactive molecularly imprinted polymers (E-MIPs).

Ceria-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite for Electro-oxidation of Urea: An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation.

This study explores the potential of ceria-graphene oxide (CeO-GO) nanocomposites as efficient electrocatalysts for urea electro-oxidation (UOR). This work combines experimental and theoretical investigations and characterization techniques confirm the successful formation of the CeO embedded on graphene oxide sheets. UOR activity was found to be dependent on both OH and urea concentrations.

Improved electrochemical reduction of CO to syngas with a highly exfoliated TiCT MXene-gold composite.

Transforming carbon dioxide (CO) into valuable chemicals electroreduction presents a sustainable and viable approach to mitigating excess CO in the atmosphere. This report provides fresh insights into the design of a new titanium-based MXene composite as a catalyst for the efficient conversion of CO in a safe aqueous medium. Despite its excellent electrocatalytic activity towards CO reduction and high selectivity for CO production, the high cost of Au and the decline in catalytic activity on a larger scale hinder its large-scale CO conversion applications.

Poly (lactic acid)/ amine grafted mesoporous silica-based composite for food packaging application.

The present study focuses on the development of environmentally friendly bio-composite films using poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a biopolymer matrix. This is achieved by incorporating amine functionalized green mesoporous silica (GMS) and employing a solution casting method for film fabrication. The motivation behind the work is to improve the compatibility between PLA and green mesoporous silica sourced from rice husk by functionalizing GMS with APTES (3-Aminopropyltriethoxy silane).

Nitrogen-Rich Covalent Organic Polymer for Metal-Free Tandem Catalysis and Postmetalation-Actuated High-Performance Water Oxidation.

Development of high-performing catalytic materials for selective and mild chemical transformations through adhering to the principles of sustainability remains a central focus in modern chemistry. Herein, we report the template-free assembly of a thermochemically robust covalent organic polymer (COP: ) from 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-dicarbonyl dichloride and 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenyl)triazine as [2 + 3] structural motifs. The two-dimensional (2D) layered architecture contains carboxamide functionality, delocalized π-cloud, and free pyridyl-N site-decked pores.

Heterobimetallic Synergism in Triple-Redox 2D Framework for Largely Boosted Water Oxidation and Flanked Carboxylic-Acid-Triggered Unconventional Tandem Catalysis.

A fish-bone-shaped and thermochemically stable 2D metal-organic framework (MOF) with multimodal active center-decked pore-wall is devised. Redox-active [Co(COO)] node and thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole functionalization benefit this mixed-ligand MOF exhibiting electrochemical water oxidation with 375 mV overpotential at 10 mA cm current density and 78 mV per dec Tafel slope in alkaline medium. Pair of oppositely oriented carboxylic acids aids postmetalation with transition metal ions to engineer heterobimetallic materials.

Adsorbed Carbon Monoxide-Enabled Self-Terminated Au-Grafting on Pt Nanoclusters for Enhanced Methanol Electrooxidation.

The study presents the first example of an adsorbed carbon monoxide (CO) enabled self-terminated Au-grafting on triphenylphosphine (PPh) stabilized Pt nanoclusters (NCs) (Pt (PPh)Cl NCs or Pt NCs). Adsorbed PPh ligands weaken the Pt-CO bond enabling the self-terminated Au-grafting on Pt NCs. The Au-grafted Pt NCs exhibit enhanced methanol electrooxidation (MOR) in acidic solutions.

Tailoring Mott-Schottky RuO/MgFe-LDH Heterojunctions in Electrospun Microfibers: A Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Water Electrolysis.

Hydrogen is a fuel of the future that has the potential to replace conventional fossil fuels in several applications. The quickest and most effective method of producing pure hydrogen with no carbon emissions is water electrolysis. Developing highly active electrocatalysts is crucial due to the slow kinetics of oxygen and hydrogen evolution, which limit the usage of precious metals in water splitting.

β-Cyclodextrin-Tethered Butein, a Greener Redox-Active Biomaterial for Electrochemical Enzymatic Sensing of Sialic Acid.

Biocompatible, industrially scalable, and opto/electrochemically active biomaterials are promising for biosensor platform design and application. Herein, cyclic oligosaccharide, β-cyclodextrin (BCD), is conjugated with Butein, a chalcone-type polyphenol, via dehydration reaction of the hydroxyl groups of BCD and the benzoyl ring of Butein. Functional group changes in the conjugated BCD-Butein were comprehensively studied using UV-visible absorbance, Fourier transform-infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic techniques.

Novel ultrasensitive automated kinetic exclusion assay for measurement of plasma levels of soluble PD-L1, the predictive and prognostic biomarker in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Recently, the blood plasma or serum levels of soluble programmed death protein 1 (PD-L1), but not tissue PD-L1 expression level, have been proposed as an effective predictive and prognostic biomarker in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors for different types of cancers. The quantification of soluble PD-L1 in blood will provide a quick evaluation of patients' immune status; however, the available assays have limitations in their sensitivity, reproducibility, and accuracy for use in clinical settings. To overcome these problems, this study was dedicated to developing an ultrasensitive automated flow-based kinetic exclusion assay (KinExA) for the accurate and precise measurement of soluble PD-L1 in plasma.

Fabrication of an all-in-one self-enhanced solid-state electrochemiluminescence sensing platform for the selective detection of spermine.

The fabrication of an all-in-one solid-state ECL sensing platform is beneficial not only for expediting the miniaturization of sensing devices, but also, more importantly, for enabling point-of-care applications. In the present work, a self-enhanced solid-state ECL sensing platform is fabricated using newly synthesised silica polyethylene nanoparticles (SiO-PEI NPs) which generate a co-reactant and easily self-assemble with Ru(bpy) and shows selective and sensitive detection of spermine at physiological pH (7.4).

DNA Aptamer Integrated Hydrogel Nanocomposites on Screen Printed Gold Electrodes for Point-of-Care Detection of Testosterone in Human Serum.

This work describes the development and evaluation of a novel electrochemical aptasensor for testosterone detection. The sensor utilizes a specifically designed DNA immobilized on a screen-printed gold electrode (SPGE) modified with a conductive hydrogel and gold nanoparticles (HG/NP) composite. The aptasensor exhibited a dose-dependent response to testosterone (0.

A two-step electrochemical method for separating Mg(OH) and CaCO: Application to RO reject and polluted groundwater.

The process of removing Ca and Mg ions typically results in the co-precipitation of Ca and Mg along with other salt waste. To improve water treatment efficiency towards a zero-waste goal, it is crucial to separate Ca and Mg, and recover them in their purified form. This study proposes a two-step electrochemical approach that separately recovers Ca as CaCO and Mg as Mg(OH).

Viologen-Cucurbit[7]uril Based Polyrotaxanated Covalent Organic Networks: A Metal Free Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Viologen-based covalent organic networks represent a burgeoning class of materials distinguished by their captivating properties. Here, supramolecular chemistry is harnessed to fabricate polyrotaxanated ionic covalent organic polymers (iCOP) through a Schiff-base condensation reaction under solvothermal conditions. The reaction between 1,1'-bis(4-aminophenyl)-[4,4'-bipyridine]-1,1'-diium dichloride (DPV-NH) and 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (TPG) in various solvents yields an iCOP-1 and iCOP-2.