Light-dependent biohydrogen production: Progress and perspectives.

The fourth industrial revolution anticipates energy to be sustainable, renewable and green. Hydrogen (H) is one of the green forms of energy and is deemed a possible solution to climate change. Light-dependent H production is a promising method derived from nature's most copious resources: solar energy, water and biomass.

Recent advances in the modulation of amyloid protein aggregation using the supramolecular host-guest approaches.

Misfolding of proteins is associated with many incurable diseases in human beings. Understanding the process of aggregation from monomers to fibrils, the characterization of all intermediate species, and the origin of toxicity is very challenging. Extensive research including computational and experimental shed some light on these tricky phenomena.

Microbial degradation of organochlorine pesticide: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by axenic and mixed consortium.

The presence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), an organochlorine herbicide, in the environment has raised public concern as it poses hazard to both humans and the ecosystem. Three potential strains having the capability to degrade 2,4-D were isolated from on site agricultural soil and identified as Arthrobacter sp. SVMIICT25, Sphingomonas sp.

Acylsilane Directed Rh-Catalyzed Arene C-H Alkylation with Maleimides and Visible-Light-Induced Siloxycarbene-Amide Cyclization: [3 + 2] Carbo-Annulation in Ru Catalysis.

We herein demonstrate the acylsilane-directed Rh-catalyzed arene C-H bond alkylation with maleimides. The resulting derivatives were utilized in visible-light-induced intramolecular siloxycarbene-amide cyclization for the synthesis of new tricyclic γ-lactams. In parallel, we also harnessed the same acylsilane and maleimide units through [3 + 2] carbo-annulation by using Ru-catalysis.

The synergistic effect of climatic factors on malaria transmission: a predictive approach for northeastern states of India.

The northeast region of India is highlighted as the most vulnerable region for malaria. This study attempts to explore the epidemiological profile and quantify the climate-induced influence on malaria cases in the context of tropical states, taking Meghalaya and Tripura as study areas. Monthly malaria cases and meteorological data from 2011 to 2018 and 2013 to 2019 were collected from the states of Meghalaya and Tripura, respectively.

Small molecule-based fluorescent probes for the detection of α-Synuclein aggregation states.

The formation of aggregates due to protein misfolding is encountered in various neurodegenerative diseases. α-Synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation is linked to Parkinson's disease (PD). It is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders after Alzheimer's disease.

Catalytic hydrothermal deoxygenation of sugarcane bagasse for energy dense bio-oil and aqueous fraction acidogenesis for biohydrogen production.

The study focuses on the effective conversion of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) by catalytic deoxygenation using various alkali and metal-based catalysts under N pressure employing water as solvent. The specific influence of catalyst over bio-crude yields (bio-oil and aqueous fraction) including energy recovery ratio was explored. The optimum catalytic condition (Ru/C) resulted in ∼ 70% of bio-crude and 28% of bio-oil with an improved HHV (31.

Co-fermenting lactic acid and glucose towards caproic acid production.

The functional role of lactate (H), as a co-substrate along with glucose (Glu) as well as an electron donor for the synthesis of caproic acid (H), a medium chain fatty acid (MCFAs) was studied. A varied H and Glu ratios were thus investigated in fed-batch anaerobic reactors (R1-R5) operated at pH 6 with a heat-treated anaerobic consortium. R1 and R5 were noted as controls and operated with sole Glu and H, respectively.

Dairy wastewater treatment using Monoraphidium sp. KMC4 and its potential as hydrothermal liquefaction feedstock.

Monoraphidium sp. KMC4 was cultivated mixotrophically for simultaneous treatment of dairy wastewater and biomass production. The KMC4 was cultivated with varying chemical oxygen demand concentrations of simulated synthetic dairy wastewater.

Site-selective and stereoselective transformations on -quinols & -quinamines.

The intermolecular transformation of simple substrates into highly functionalized scaffolds with multiple stereogenic centers is an attractive strategy in modern organic synthesis. Prochiral 2,5-cyclohexadienones, being stable and easily accessible, are privileged key building blocks for the synthesis of complex molecules and bioactive natural products. In particular, -quinols and -quinamines are important subclasses of cyclohexadienones, having both nucleophilic and electrophilic sites, and can undergo various intermolecular cascade annulations formal cycloadditions and other transformations.

Sustainable consideration for traditional textile handloom cluster/village in pollution abatement - A case study.

Decentralized handlooms are being traditionally practised throughout India. Siripuram village known for traditional Pochampally/Ikat work was considered as a case study for detailed investigation towards providing a sustainable solution. Nearly 65% of village population solely depend on weaving and dyeing works as primary occupation based on the household survey and generated wash water of 127 KLD on an average from the dyeing operations.

Hybrid electrosynthesis as non-genetic approach for regulating microbial metabolism towards waste valorization in circular framework.

Biogenic waste (solid/liquid/gaseous) utilization in biological processes has disruptive potential of inclining towards carbon neutrality, while producing diverse products output. Anaerobic fermentation (methanogenesis and acidogenesis) routes are crucial bioprocesses for production of various renewable chemicals (carboxylate platform/organic acids, short/medium chain alcohols, aldehydes, biopolymers) and fuels (methane, hydrogen, hythane, biodiesel and electricity), while individual operations posing process limitations on their conversion efficiency. Advantageous benefit of using the individual bioprocess technicalities is of utmost importance in the context of sustainability to conceptualize and execute integrated waste biorefinery.

Understanding the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in an urban community using wastewater-based epidemiological approach.

The study aimed to evaluate the community-wide antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile of an urban setting using the culture-independent wastewater-based epidemiological surveillance (WBE) approach. The domestic wastewater sample was collected at the converging point of the drain connecting the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). The collected water sample was evaluated for the presence of 125 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and 13 mobile genetic elements (MGEs, 5 integrons and 8 transposons).

Photocatalyst-free visible-light triggered amination of benzo[][1,2,5]thiadiazole: direct C-N bond formation from C(sp)-H bond.

The photoredox amination of arene protocols mostly comprises photocatalyst-mediated transformations. Herein, we presented the photocatalyst-free, visible-light promoted, direct conversion of C(sp)-H to C(sp)-N method. Multipurpose benzothiadiazoles are used as model synthons and secondary amines as aminating agents.

Enantioselective Desymmetrization Triggered by Iminium-Enamine Activation: Access to Complex Cyclohepta[b]indoles.

The expeditious construction of complex molecules having multiple stereocentres is highly desirable in organic chemistry. In the present communication, we report the development of an organocatalytic asymmetric desymmetrization of prochiral enal-tethered cyclohexadienones via the C3-selective Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles triggered by LUMO-lowering iminium activation/HOMO-raising enamine activation. The reaction provides access to bicyclic enones, which further undergo acid-mediated intramolecular annulation from C2-position to afford highly strained cyclohepta[b]indoles with five contiguous stereocentres and three new C-C bonds in excellent enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity.

Sustainable enzymatic treatment of organic waste in a framework of circular economy.

Enzymatic treatment of food and vegetable waste (FVW) is an eco-friendly approach for producing industrially relevant value-added products. This review describes the sources, activities and potential applications of crucial enzymes in FVW valorization. The specific roles of amylase, cellulase, xylanase, ligninase, protease, pectinase, tannase, lipase and zymase enzymes were explained.

Weather integrated multiple machine learning models for prediction of dengue prevalence in India.

Dengue is a rapidly spreading viral disease transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes. Due to global urbanization and climate change, the number of dengue cases are gradually increasing in recent decades. Hence, an early prediction of dengue continues to be a major concern for public health in countries with high prevalence of dengue.

Inhibition of Amyloid Protein Aggregation Using Selected Peptidomimetics.

Aberrant protein aggregation leads to the formation of amyloid fibrils. This phenomenon is linked to the development of more than 40 irremediable diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Plenty of research efforts have been given to understanding the underlying mechanism of protein aggregation, associated toxicity, and the development of amyloid inhibitors.

Access to Diverse Seleno-spirocyclohexadienones via Ag(II)-Catalyzed Selenylative -Annulation with Se and Boronic Acids.

An efficient and straightforward synthesis of diversified seleno-azaspiro-2,5-cyclohexadienones from -(4-methoxy aryl)propiolamides using elemental selenium and boronic acids has been demonstrated. The reaction proceeds through silver-catalyzed oxidative dearomatization in the presence of potassium persulfate (KSO) as the oxidant. Further, this approach was extended to -(4-methoxy aryl)propiolates and biaryl ynones to access the corresponding selenylated oxospiro-2,5-cyclohexadienones and spiro[5,5]trienones, respectively.

Divergent cyanoalkylation/cyanoalkylsulfonylation of enamides under organophotoredox catalytic conditions.

An organophotoredox-catalyzed divergent cyanoalkylation/cyanoalkylsulfonylation of enamides in a highly regio- and stereoselective manner has been reported. In this mild and efficient protocol, cyclobutanone oxime esters serve as a cyanoalkylating source and inexpensive KSO serves as an SO surrogate. Broad substrate scope, compatibility of various sensitive functional groups and further functional group transformation are the highlights of this method.

Sequential One-Pot Carbene-Catalyzed Intramolecular Stetter Reaction and Acid-Mediated Condensation: Access to Heteroatom Analogues of π-Extended Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons.

In this Letter, we disclose a simple and effective method to access a variety of phenanthro[9,10-]furan and 1-dibenzo[,]indole derivatives based on the design of a carbene-catalyzed intramolecular Stetter reaction followed by a Paal-Knorr reaction in one-pot. These compounds are a class of π-extended polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) derivatives containing an oxygen/nitrogen atom. The practical utility of the developed transformation was demonstrated on the gram scales and postsynthetic transformations thereof.

Mitochondria-targeted esculetin mitigates atherosclerosis in the setting of aging via the modulation of SIRT1-mediated vascular cell senescence and mitochondrial function in Apoe mice.

Background And Aims: Age is a dominant and independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis, a major cardiovascular disease, and if left untreated leads to myocardial infarction and death. Mitochondria-targeted anti-oxidants are evolving as a new class of compounds that can alter the pathophysiology of age-related diseases, including atherosclerosis, where mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in disease progression.

Methods: We recently synthesized an alkyl TPP + -tagged esculetin (mitochondria-targeted esculetin or Mito-Esc).