ZCTs knockdown using antisense LNA GapmeR in specialized photomixotrophic cell suspensions of : Rerouting the flux towards mono and dimeric indole alkaloids.

Unlabelled: The present study was carried out to silence the transcription factor genes , and via lipofectamine based antisense LNA GapmeRs transfection into the protoplasts of established photomixotrophic cell suspensions. The photomixotrophic cell suspensions with a threshold of 0.5% sucrose were raised and established using two-tiered CO providing flasks kept under high light intensity.

Hesperidin-rich ethanol extract from waste peels of Citrus limetta mitigates rheumatoid arthritis and related complications.

The aim of this study is to explore the possible pharmacological effects of fruit waste that may have a key role in converting the fruit waste into pharmaceutical agents. Citrus limetta (Rutaceae) is an important commercial citrus fruit crops used by juice processing industries. C.

Standardization of Kaempferia galanga L. rhizome and vasorelaxation effect of its key metabolite ethyl p-methoxycinnamate.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Kaempferia galanga L. rhizome (KGR) is part of more than sixty-one Ayurvedic formulations and commonly known as 'Chandramula'. KGR is widely used in traditional Indian medicines to treat fever (jwar), rheumatism (Amavata), respiratory (Shwasa), hypertension (Vyanabala vaishamya) and cardiovascular disorders (Vyanavayu Dushtijanya Hrudrog).

TIAs pathway genes and associated identification in : supporting aspidosperma and eburnamine alkaloids linkage via transcriptomic analysis.

contains monomeric eburnamine-type of indole alkaloids having utilization as a neuro-medicinal plant. The biosynthetic pathway studies using miRNAs has been the focal point for plant genomic research in recent years and this technique is utilized to get an insight into a possible pathway level study in as understanding of genes in this prized medicinal plant is meagrely understood. The de novo transcriptomic analysis using Illumina Next gen sequencing has been performed in glasshouse shifted plant and transformed roots to elucidate the possible non confirmed steps of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) pathway in .

Bacterial degradation of distillery wastewater pollutants and their metabolites characterization and its toxicity evaluation by using Caenorhabditis elegans as terrestrial test models.

Distillery wastewater has significant amount of coloring compounds and organic substances even after the secondary treatment process, which poses many severe environmental and health threats. However, the recalcitrant coloured compounds have not yet been clearly identified. In this study, two bacterial strains DS3 and DS5 capable to decolorize distillery wastewater (DWW) pollutants were isolated and characterized as Staphylococcus saprophyticus (MF182113) and Alcaligenaceae sp.

Microwave-assisted Single Step Cinnamic Acid Derivatization and Evaluation for Cytotoxic Potential.

Background: Phenylpropylene biosynthesis pathway plays a crucial role in the vanillin and their derivative(s) production in the plants. The intermediate of vanillin synthesis i.e.

Aromatic ginger ( L.) extracts with ameliorative and protective potential as a functional food, beyond its flavor and nutritional benefits.

Aromatic ginger ( L is native to India and believed to be originated in Burma. Despite substantial uses in a pickle and south-east Asian cuisines, aromatic ginger is chemically less studied than white and red ginger. Multi-directional investigations have been performed to evaluate chemical composition, nutritional values, ameliorative and protective potential of aromatic ginger ( rhizome (KGR).

ROS management is mediated by ascorbate-glutathione-α-tocopherol triad in co-ordination with secondary metabolic pathway under cadmium stress in Withania somnifera.

Being static, plants are frequently exposed to various essential and non-essential heavy metals from the surroundings. This exposure results in considerable ROS generation leading to oxidative stress, the primary response of the plants under heavy metal stress. Withania somnifera is a reputed Indian medicinal plant in Ayurveda, having various pharmacological activities due to the presence of withanolides.

Extended Multitarget Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs.

Multitarget pharmacology of small-molecule cancer drugs significantly contributes to their mechanism of action, side effects, and emergence of drug resistance and opens ways to repurpose, combine, or customize drug therapy. In most cases, the set of targets affected at therapeutic concentrations is not fully characterized and/or the interaction efficacy values are not accurately quantified. We collected information about multiple targets for each cancer drug along with their experimental effective concentrations or binding activities from multiple sources.

Chemical composition, bactericidal kinetics, mechanism of action, and anti-inflammatory activity of (Benth.) H. Hara essential oil.

Present study was aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity, bactericidal mechanism of action, killing kinetics and anti-inflammatory activity of (Benth.) H. Hara essential oil.

RNAi of Sterol Methyl Transferase1 Reveals its Direct Role in Diverting Intermediates Towards Withanolide/Phytosterol Biosynthesis in Withania somnifera.

The medicinal properties of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) are accredited to a group of compounds called withanolides. 24-Methylene cholesterol is the intermediate for sterol biosynthesis and a proposed precursor of withanolide biogenesis. However, conversion of 24-methylene cholesterol to withaferin A and other withanolides has not yet been biochemically dissected.

Ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with principal component and cluster analysis of Swertia chirayita for adulteration check.

This article describes the study to standardize phytochemically and distinguish Swertia chirayita from that of possible substitution/adulteration using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with photodiode array detector (PDA) and chemometric tools viz. principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). Five ecotypes of Swertia chirayita and five possible substitutions, e.

Standardization and xanthine oxidase inhibitory potential of Zanthoxylum armatum fruits.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Tejovati (Zanthoxylum armatum DC; Family- Rutaceae) popularly known as toothache tree is widely distributed in sub-tropical Himalaya region. Traditionally, The Southeast Asian population of Indo-Nepal origin uses it to treat asthma, gout, pain, and inflammation. The Ayurvedic action of the plant includes the balancing of Vata-Kapha in the body.

Essential oil from waste leaves of Curcuma longa L. alleviates skin inflammation.

Background: Curcuma longa L. is an important industrial crop used by medicinal and cosmetic industries in the world. Its leaves are a waste material after harvesting rhizomes.

Wound Healing Activity of A. Juss Stem Bark in Mice.

Background: The paste of stem bark of (AI) has been traditionally used on wound and scar for rapid healing in Bundelkhand region of India.

Objective: In the present investigation, wound healing potential of different extracts of stem bark of AI was explored in mice model.

Materials And Methods: To study the wound healing properties in small animal model, the excision and incision wound models were used and water, ethanol-water (1:1, v/v) and ethanol extracts were applied topically (15% w/w in ointment base).

Scent from Jasminum grandiflorum flowers: Investigation of the change in linalool enantiomers at various developmental stages using chemical and molecular methods.

Jasminum species are among the most preferred fresh cut flowers in India since ancient times. The plant produces small and fragrant flowers, which are of great demand in the preparation of fragrant garlands and also in perfume industries. Floral volatile of Jasminum grandiflorum L.

Withania somnifera chemotype NMITLI 101R significantly increases the efficacy of antileishmanial drugs by generating strong IFN-γ and IL-12 mediated immune responses in Leishmania donovani infected hamsters.

Background: Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae), commonly known as Ashwagandha, is one of the most important medicinal plant in the traditional Indian medical systems. Pharmacological studies have established that root extracts of W.

Multicomponent One-pot Reactions Towards the Synthesis of Stereoisomers of Dipicolylamine Complexes.

Reported are multi-component one-pot syntheses of chiral complexes [M(L(R) OR')Cl2 ] or [M(L(R) SR')Cl2 ] from the mixture of an N-substituted ethylenediamine, pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde, a primary alcohol or thiol and MCl2 utilizing in-situ formed cyclized Schiff bases where a C-O bond, two stereocenters, and three C-N bonds are formed (M=Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd; R=Et, Ph; R'=Me, Et, nPr, nBu). Tridentate ligands L(R) OR' and L(R) SR' comprise two chiral centers and a hemiaminal ether or hemiaminal thioether moiety on the dipicolylamine skeleton. Syn-[Zn(L(Ph) OMe)Cl2 ] precipitates out readily from the reaction mixture as a major product whereas anti-[Zn(L(Ph) OMe)Cl2 ] stays in solution as minor product.

New Record of Catharanthus yellow mosaic virus and a Betasatellite Associated with Lethal Leaf Yellowing of Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) in Northern India.

Andrographis paniculata (Family Acanthaceae), also called Kalmegh, is a medicinal herb in India well-known for its various pharmaceutical properties (1). In August 2012, during a survey in the northern parts of India, several Kalmegh plants in Barabanki District of Uttar Pradesh Province showed typical virus-like symptoms along with prominent lethal leaf yellowing. The infected plants initially showed some chlorotic streaks, which later turned completely yellow, ultimately leading to premature death.

Box-Behnken design for optimum extraction of biogenetic chemicals from P. lanceolata with an energy audit (thermal × microwave × acoustic): a case study of HPTLC determination with additional specificity using on-line/off-line coupling with DAD/NIR/ESI-MS.

Introduction: The genus Pluchea comprises about 80 species distributed worldwide, out of them, only Pluchea lanceolata (DC.) Oliv. & Hiern, is used extensively in the traditional system of India.

Genetic variability, character association, and path analysis for economic traits in menthofuran rich half-sib seed progeny of Mentha piperita L.

Menthofuran rich eight half-sib seed progeny of Mentha piperita (MPS-36) were studied for various genetic parameters, namely, coefficient of variation, heritability, genetic advance, correlation, and path of various plant and oil attributes, namely, plant height, L:S ratio, herb yield, β -myrcene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, menthone, menthofuran, neomenthone, pulegone, and menthol. Maximum genotypic coefficient of variation and genetic advance as percentage of mean were recorded for pulegone, followed by menthofuran and 1,8-cineole. The genotypic correlation in general was higher than phenotypic; positive significant correlation was recorded for limonene with 1,8-cineole and menthone, β -myrcene with limonene, and 1,8-cineole and menthofuran with neomenthol.

Exploitation of microbes for enhancing bacoside content and reduction of Meloidogyne incognita infestation in Bacopa monnieri L.

Despite the vast exploration of rhizospheric microbial wealth for crop yield enhancement, knowledge about the efficacy of microbial agents as biocontrol weapons against root-knot disease is scarce, especially in medicinal plants, viz., Bacopa monnieri. In the present investigation, rhizospheric microbes, viz.

A New Isolate of Eclipta yellow vein virus Along with a Betasatellite Associated with Yellow Vein Leaf Curl Disease of Andrographis paniculata in India.

Geminiviruses are ssDNA viruses that infect a wide range of plant species. Andrographis paniculata (family Acanthaceae), an herb commonly known as Kalmegh, is famous for its medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, antimalarial, anticancerous, antidiabetic, antihepatotoxic, antioxidant, and is helpful in curing various diseases (1). Surveys of kalmegh fields carried out in September and October 2010 in Lucknow, India, revealed symptomatic plants that initially showed yellow veins on younger leaves and later upward leaf curling, vein clearing, chlorosis, reduced leaf size, poor inflorescence, and stunted growth leading to drastic reduction in herb yield.

Effect of cadmium stress on inductive enzymatic and nonenzymatic responses of ROS and sugar metabolism in multiple shoot cultures of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal).

Withania somnifera is one of the most important medicinal plant and is credited with various pharmacological activities. In this study, in vitro multiple shoot cultures were exposed to different concentrations (5-300 μM) of cadmium (Cd) as cadmium sulphate to explore its ability to accumulate the heavy metal ion and its impact on the metabolic status and adaptive responses. The results showed that supplemental exposure to Cd interfered with N, P, and K uptake creating N, P, and K deficiency at higher doses of Cd that also caused stunting of growth, chlorosis, and necrosis.

A new source of elemol rich essential oil and existence of multicellular oil glands in leaves of the Dioscorea species.

Dioscorea species is a very important food and drug plant. The tubers of the plant are extensively used in food and drug purposes owing to the presence of steroidal constituent's diosgenin in the tubers. In the present study, we report for the first time that the leaves of Dioscorea composita and Dioscorea floribunda grown under the field conditions exhibited the presence of multicellular oil glands on the epidermal layers of the plants using stereomicroscopy (SM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).