Polysaccharide from Evokes Antitumor Activity in Gastric Cancer Cells Modulation of Galectin-3 and Exhibited Cyto/DNA Protection: Structure-Function Study.

Polysaccharides play significant role in the management of different cancer types including gastric cancer. Here, we report the effect of spirulina polysaccharide (Sp) on galectin-3 modulatory activity in gastric cancer cells (AGS). The isolated Sp possessed an average molecular weight of 1457 kDa and galactose (42%) as a major sugar consisting of (β1-4d) units with a galactoarabinorhamnoglycan backbone.

Modulation of gut microbiota by bioactive compounds for prevention and management of type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Gut microbiota (GM) are specific groups of microbes colonized in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. They profoundly influence health, disease protection, and associated with metabolic activities, and play a vital role in the production of functional metabolites from dietary substances.

Rotenone mediated developmental toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster.

Rotenone (ROT) is a widely used natural pesticide, and its effect on growth and developmental toxicity remain unclear. In the present study, the effects of ROT exposure on the reproductive structure and function of the female Drosophila melanogaster and third instar larvae were investigated. ROT exposure on female Drosophila melanogaster resulted in developmental inhibition and ovarian abnormality, which were evident from the disruptive growth of border cells as well as morphological changes in the orientation of nurse cells during the 9th-10th stage of developing egg chamber of in the Drosophila ovary.

Bioremediation of Textile Industrial Effluents Using Nutraceutical Industrial Spent: Laboratory-Scale Demonstration of Circular Economy.

This research reports the first-ever study on abundantly available, environmentally friendly, low-cost and ready-for-use Nutraceutical Industrial Cumin Seed Spent (NICUS) as an innovative adsorbent for bioremediation of a bisazo Acid Red 119 (AR119) dye, a probable mutagen from textile industrial effluents (TIEs). The experiment at the laboratory scale is designed to suit the concepts of sustainability and valorisation under the domain of circular economy. The experimental value obtained was 96.

Low carbohydrate high fat flour: its rheology, bread making, physico-sensory and staling characteristics.

A low carbohydrate and high fat (LCHF) flour was developed by combining almond flour, desiccated coconut flour, defatted soya flour, dry gluten powder, psyllium husk and skimmed milk powder. Determination of rheological, bread making, nutritional, and staling characteristics of LCHF flour in comparison with wheat flour (WF) was studied. The results showed that LCHF flour had lower amylograph pasting temperature (31.

Low-glycemic foods with wheat, barley and herbs () inhibit α-amylase, α-glucosidase and DPP-IV activity in high fat and low dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat.

Unlabelled: Wheat, barley or wheat + barley and herbs ( and ) based low-glycemic-index (low-GI) foods were developed and studied α-amylase, α-glucosidase and DPP-IV inhibition property in vitro and in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The GI of products ranged from 47 to 53 than control white bread (GI = 95). Total phenolic (20.

Dual Mode of Action of Talaromyces purpureogenus CFRM02 Pigment to Ameliorate Alcohol Induced Liver Toxicity in Rats.

Talaromyces purpureogenus CFRM02 pigment exhibited antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals. The alcohol feeding leads to free radical generation causing pathophysiological processes of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and alcoholic hepatitis. T.

Endosulfan causes oxidative stress in the liver and brain that involves inhibition of NADH dehydrogenase and altered antioxidant enzyme status in rat.

Endosulfan, a neurotoxic, highly persistent organochlorine insecticide, is known for its acute and chronic toxicity. We have shown that a single sublethal dose of endosulfan caused high induction of oxidative stress in the liver and brain by altering the antioxidant status, as shown by reduction in the antioxidant enzymes SOD, GPx, GST, GR along with increased ROS and lipid peroxidation. The cerebral region in the brain showed a higher level of oxidative stress than the cerebellum, revealing differential sensitivity of the brain regions to endosulfan.

Comparative assessment of antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties of skimmed milk protein hydrolysates and their incorporation in beverage mix.

Background: Milk-derived protein hydrolysates have generated a great deal of interest recently due to their numerous beneficial health effects. However, there are few comparative studies on protein hydrolysates from different dairy species, their production, characterization, and bioactivity. In the present study, skimmed milk from both major and minor dairy species was hydrolyzed with alcalase, and its protein profiles were studied using tricine polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse phase-high protein liquid chromatography.

Bio-Layer Interferometry-Based SELEX and Label-Free Detection of Patulin Using Generated Aptamer.

This study reports a novel bio-layer interferometry (BLI)-based SELEX for generation of high affinity aptamers against patulin. Unlike conventional SELEX, the present method enabled real-time monitoring of increasing affinity of the oligonucleotides to the toxin. After seven rounds of selection cycles, the enriched pool of aptamers was characterized by cloning and sequencing and clustered into two families based on similarity.

Nutritional evaluation of flour, its bread and effect of additives.

Abstract: The present research sought to experiment the effect of additives such as dry gluten powder (DGP), fungal α-amylase (FAA), sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (SSL) and their combination (GAS) on the rheological and nutritional profile of bread. The incorporation of varied percentage (0-20%) of flour (ssF) into WF(Wheat Flour) was optimized at 15%. The results showed that the incorporation of 15% ssF decreased the farinograph dough stability and extensograph resistance to extension.

Astaxanthin ameliorates hyperglycemia induced inflammation via PI3K/Akt-NF-κB signaling in ARPE-19 cells and diabetic rat retina.

Astaxanthin has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory effect but the exact mechanism in protecting the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is not clear. Hence, we hypothesized that astaxanthin could protect RPE by inhibiting ROS-mediated inflammation. The purpose of this study is to understand the retinal protective mechanism of astaxanthin in modulating hyperglycemia (HG) induced inflammation in ARPE-19 cell and diabetic rat retina.

Effective inhibition of adipogenesis-mediated inflammation by a macular carotenoid, lutein in vitro.

An absolute interlinks between inflammation and obesity with scarce investigations on the role of lutein in inflammation-induced obesity motivated us to explore the protective mechanism of lutein on adipogenesis-mediated inflammation in vitro by culturing RAW264.7 macrophages in adipocyte conditioned medium. The RAW264 macrophage cells were cultured with adipocyte-conditioned media, and the potency of lutein on the expression of adipocyte inflammation-associated protein markers (IL-1β, MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB, and IKKα/β) were analyzed by western blotting.

A machine learning-based approach to determine infection status in recipients of BBV152 (Covaxin) whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for serological surveys.

Data science has been an invaluable part of the COVID-19 pandemic response with multiple applications, ranging from tracking viral evolution to understanding the vaccine effectiveness. Asymptomatic breakthrough infections have been a major problem in assessing vaccine effectiveness in populations globally. Serological discrimination of vaccine response from infection has so far been limited to Spike protein vaccines since whole virion vaccines generate antibodies against all the viral proteins.

Microbial ecology and functional coffee fermentation dynamics with Pichia kudriavzevii.

Specialty coffee can be developed by the application of explicit microorganisms or starters to obtain desired fermentation. In the present study, natural fermentation (NF) of Arabica coffee was carried out spontaneously, the other set was inoculated with Pichia kudriavzevii (Y) starter culture (isolated, identified and mass cultured). The effect of microbial fermentation, metagenomics, production of functional metabolites, volatiles and their sensorial aspects were studied.

Polyphenol-Rich Extracts of Xylopia and Aframomum Species Show Metabolic Benefits by Lowering Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

Metabolic syndrome is a complex condition associated with a series of pathologies featuring glucose intolerance, diabetes, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, microalbuminuria, overweight, and obesity. It is also related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recognized as the most familiar cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome and, consequently, the one of NAFLD is constantly increasing worldwide.

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Maize (corn) consists of germ, endosperm and pericarp, with different chemical compositions. During wet milling, the maize is disintegrated into the main product starch and by-products, including maize germ, maize fibre and maize gluten (the technical term for maize/corn endosperm-specific proteins and not the same as wheat gluten). These by-products are used as low-value animal feed products.

Recent advances in the microbial production of squalene.

Squalene is a triterpene hydrocarbon, a biochemical precursor for all steroids in plants and animals. It is a principal component of human surface lipids, in particular of sebum. Squalene has several applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and medical sectors.

Insights into the role of F26 residue in the FMN: ATP adenylyltransferase activity of Staphylococcus aureus FAD synthetase.

The bifunctional flavin adenine dinucleotide synthetase (FADS) synthesizes the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) co-factors essential for the function of flavoproteins. The Staphylococcus aureus FADS (SaFADS) produces FMN from riboflavin (RF) by ATP:riboflavin kinase (RFK) activity at its C-terminal domain. The N-terminal domain converts FMN to FAD under a reducing environment by FMN:ATP adenylyltransferase (FMNAT) activity which is reversible (FAD pyrophosphorylase activity).

Hyperphagia in offsprings of in utero hyperglycemic mothers is associated with increased expression of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in hypothalamus.

In utero hyperglycemia has consequences on future outcomes in the offsprings. We had earlier shown that in utero hyperglycemia impacts proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans, one of the key molecules involved in brain development. Hypothalamic HSPGs such as syndecan-1 and syndecan-3 are well known for their involvement in feeding behavior.

In silico target-based strain engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for terpene precursor improvement.

Systems-based metabolic engineering enables cells to enhance product formation by predicting gene knockout and overexpression targets using modeling tools. FOCuS, a novel metaheuristic tool, was used to predict flux improvement targets in terpenoid pathway using the genome-scale model of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, iMM904. Some of the key knockout target predicted includes LYS1, GAP1, AAT1, AAT2, TH17, KGD-m, MET14, PDC1 and ACO1.

Structure-based screening of natural product libraries in search of potential antiviral drug-leads as first-line treatment to COVID-19 infection.

The study focuses on identifying and screening natural products (NPs) based on their structural similarities with chemical drugs followed by their possible use in first-line treatment to COVID-19 infection. In the present study, the in-house natural product libraries, consisting of 26,311 structures, were screened against potential targets of SARS-CoV-2 based on their structural similarities with the prescribed chemical drugs. The comparison was based on molecular properties, 2 and 3-dimensional structural similarities, activity cliffs, and core fragments of NPs with chemical drugs.

Truncation of C-terminal amino acids of GH26 endo-mannanase (ManB-1601) affects biochemical properties and stability against anionic surfactants.

Hitherto, the contribution of C-terminal amino acids in structure, stability and function of GH26 endo-mannanases has not been demonstrated. Semi-logarithmic plot of endo-mannanase activity showed a progressive decline with increase in the number of truncated amino acids [ManB-CΔ5 (129 U/mL), ManB-CΔ10 (47 U/mL), ManB-CΔ15 (0.05 U/mL) and ManB-CΔ20 (0.

Short-chain β-manno-oligosaccharides from copra meal: structural characterization, prebiotic potential and anti-glycation activity.

Size-exclusion chromatography, HR-ESI-MS and FT-IR of copra meal hydrolyzed by ManB-1601 showed the presence of oligosaccharides (CM-β-MOS) having a degree of polymerisation (DP) between 2 and 4. Thermal decomposition studies of the purified CM-β-MOS (DP 2, 3 and 4) showed mass loss at high temperatures (135.8 °C to 600 °C).

Metalloceneincorporated Hybrid Singly N-Methyl N-Confused Calixphyrins: Synthesis, Characterization, Protonation and Deprotonation Studies.

Rational design and isolation of two hitherto unknown highly stable single conformer of ferrocene incorporated meso-aryl substituted singly N-methyl N-confused-calixphyrins have been achieved in quantitative yields. The solid-state crystal structure reveals the obvious trans-geometry for the meso-protons with the possibility for both the macrocycles to exist either racemic or enantiomer forms. However, thorough solution-state spectroscopic characterization strongly concludes the experimental isolation of a single isomer for both the macrocycles.