Dynamic optimization of fed-batch bioprocesses using flower pollination algorithm.

There exist several optimization strategies such as sequential quadratic programming (SQP), iterative dynamic programing (IDP), stochastic-based methods such as differential evolution (DE), genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSA), and ant colony optimization (ACO) for finding optimal feeding profile(s) during fed-batch fermentations. Here in the present study, flower pollination algorithm (FPA) which is inspired by the pollination process in terrestrial flowering plants has been used for the first time to find the optimal feeding profile(s) during fed-batch fermentations. Single control variable, two control variables and state variable bounded problems were chosen to test the robustness of the FPA for optimal control problems.

Banana lectin (BanLec) induces non-specific activation of basophils and mast cells in atopic subjects.

Dietary lectins play a major role in the activation of mast cells / basophils by bridging cell surface IgE glycans to release histamine and other mediators. In the present study, the effect of mannose / glucose-specific banana lectin (BanLec) on the activation of mast cells / basophils from non-atopic and atopic subjects has been investigated. BanLec was purified from banana pulp in a yield of 7 mg/kg.

Studies on Squalene Biosynthesis and the Standardization of Its Extraction Methodology from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

In this study, a homogenization-based extraction method was developed and was compared to five conventional methods of squalene extraction. Squalene recovered from this novel procedure gave 3.5-fold, 10-fold, 16-fold, and 8.

Polymeric chitosan-glycolipid nanocarriers for an effective delivery of marine carotenoid fucoxanthin for induction of apoptosis in human colon cancer cells (Caco-2 cells).

Fucoxanthin (FUCO), a marine carotenoid is photo-, and thermo-labile and poorly bioavailable due to its lipophilicity. Hence, we developed a chitosan (CS) + glycolipid (GL) nanogels (NGs) to increase cellular uptake and anticancer efficacy of FUCO (10 μM) in human colon cells (Caco-2). Effect of FUCO loaded in NGs with/with no GL was studied in comparison with micellar FUCO.

Effects of methyl jasmonate and carotenogenic inhibitors on gene expression and carotenoid accumulation in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) foliage.

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), a commonly used annual herb that accumulates carotenoids upon methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment, provides an excellent model to investigate carotenogenesis and gene regulation. To explore key mechanisms involved in enhancing carotenoids, transcriptional expression profile of ten carotenogenic genes in the presence of MeJA and various gene specific inhibitors were investigated.

l-asparaginase induces intrinsic mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells and impedes tumor progression.

l-asparagine essentially regulates growth and proliferation of cancer cells. l-asparaginase is an anti-cancer enzyme that deprives the cancer cells of l-asparagine. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of a novel l-asparaginase from Pseudomonas fluorescens on l-asparagine deprivation mediated anti-proliferation, apoptosis in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells and to evaluate inhibition of angiogenesis.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of marmelosin from Bael (Aegle marmelos L.); Inhibition of TNF-α mediated inflammatory/tumor markers.

Oxidative stress and inflammation are important critical factors that are implicated in almost all life style disorders such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, ulcer and cancer. Current study aimed at isolation and characterization of a furanocoumarin from Bael (Aegle marmelos L.) fruit that can modulate both oxidative stress and inflammation effectively.

Low molecular weight α-galactosidase from black gram (Vigna mungo): Purification and insights towards biochemical and biophysical properties.

A hitherto unknown low molecular weight form of α-galactosidase (VM-αGal-P) from germinating black gram (Vigna mungo) seeds was purified (324 U/mg specific activity, 1157-fold purification, ~45 kDa) using ion-exchange (DEAE-cellulose, CM-sepharose), gel filtration (Sephadex G-75) and affinity (Con-A Sepharose 4B) chromatography but with poor yield (0.75%). Partially purified enzyme (VM-αGal) (146.

Low-dose doxorubicin with carotenoids selectively alters redox status and upregulates oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in breast cancer cells.

The combination of carotenoids and doxorubicin (DOX) selectively alters oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Primarily, cytotoxic efficiency of carotenoids (β-carotene, BC; lutein, LUT; astaxanthin, AST; or fucoxanthin, FUCO) either with or without a minimal cytotoxic dose of DOX was evaluated in MCF-7 (0.12 μM) and MDA-MB-231 cells (0.

Quantification of Neurotransmitters from Intact and Regenerating Planarians Using UHPLC-MS/SRM Method.

Freshwater planarian species S. mediterranea is an emerging stem cell model because of its capability of regenerating large portions of missing body parts. It is one of the best model systems available to address the basic biological mechanisms in the regeneration processes.

Potential of pyrethroid-synergised pyrethrum on stored product insects and implications for use as prophylactic sprays.

The study was conducted to evaluate the synergistic effects of 2% pyrethrum extract with synthetic pyrethroids on the mortality of stored product insects. Contact toxicity was performed at variable concentrations observing mortality at 12, 24 and 48 h durations. The results of the present study indicated that, pyrethrum + deltamethrin combination (25:1 ratio) was effective on the adults of (F.

Influence of milling on the nutritional composition of bran from different rice varieties.

The nutritional composition of bran from four rice varieties namely, Jyothi/IR64, Basmati and Agonibora representing high amylose, intermediate amylose and waxy, respectively were evaluated with friction and abrasive mills at different degrees of milling (DOM). Fat and protein content of the bran inversely correlated to amylose content of rice variety. The fat and fibre contents reduced with increased DOM due to increasing starch influx from the endosperm.

Ameliorative Influence of Dietary Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Seeds and Onion (Allium cepa) on Eye Lens Abnormalities via Modulation of Crystallin Proteins and Polyol Pathway in Experimental Diabetes.

Purpose And Methods: Hyperglycemia-induced osmotic and oxidative stress is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes-related secondary complications including cataract. In continuation of our previous observation of the ameliorative influence of these spices on hyperglycemia, attendant metabolic abnormalities, and oxidative stress in tissues of diabetic rats, the beneficial influence of dietary (10%) fenugreek seeds, (3%) onion, or their combination was investigated on diabetes-induced alteration in the eye lens of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Results: Animals maintained on these spices showed significantly countered oxidative stress markers (reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl), advanced glycation end products, and expression of their receptor in the eye lens.

Oral supplements of inulin during gestation offsets rotenone-induced oxidative impairments and neurotoxicity in maternal and prenatal rat brain.

Environmental insults including pesticide exposure and their entry into the immature brain are of increased concern due to their developmental neurotoxicity. Several lines of evidence suggest that maternal gut microbiota influences in utero fetal development via modulation of host's microbial composition with prebiotics. Hence we examined the hypothesis if inulin (IN) supplements during pregnancy in rats possess the potential to alleviate brain oxidative response and mitochondrial deficits employing a developmental model of rotenone (ROT) neurotoxicity.

Identification of two highly promiscuous thermostable sugar nucleotidylyltransferases for glycorandomization.

Glycorandomization is a process that improves the efficacy of glycoconjugates by the addition of a diverse array of sugars to secondary metabolites and antibiotics of pharmaceutical importance. This process, which employs sugar nucleotidylyltransferases (SNTs) and glycosyl transferases (GTs) in tandem, would benefit by the employment of promiscuous enzymes, i.e.

Optimization of Process Parameters for the Production of γ-Linolenic Acid by CFR C07 in Submerged Fermentation.

The production of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) by the fungus CFR C07 in submerged fermentation was studied. Culture parameters such as carbon source and incubation time were optimized. Four different extraction methods using solvents with acid washed sand, glass beads, lyophilization and Soxhlet extraction were evaluated for improved extraction of lipids from the fungal biomass after fermentation.

Asymmetric simple exclusion process with position-dependent hopping rates: Phase diagram from boundary-layer analysis.

In this paper, we study a one-dimensional totally asymmetric simple exclusion process with position-dependent hopping rates. Under open boundary conditions, this system exhibits boundary-induced phase transitions in the steady state. Similarly to totally asymmetric simple exclusion processes with uniform hopping, the phase diagram consists of low-density, high-density, and maximal-current phases.

Insights on the age dependent neurodegeneration induced by Monocrotophos, (an organophosphorous insecticide) in Caenorhabditis elegans fed high glucose: Evidence in wild and transgenic strains.

The higher susceptibility of high glucose fed C. elegans to Monocrotophos (MCP, an organophosphorus insecticide) - induced dopaminergic (DA) neuronal degeneration was recently demonstrated. Employing this acute exposure model, the impact of MCP on DA degeneration among worms of two age groups (8 and 13 d old) fed control (CO) and high glucose (GF) diet with specific focus on phenotypic alterations, oxidative impairments and associated molecular perturbations employing both wild (N2) and transgenic strains(BZ555 and NL5901) was investigated.

Zinc Supplementation Ameliorates Diabetic Cataract Through Modulation of Crystallin Proteins and Polyol Pathway in Experimental Rats.

Non-enzymatic glycation of lens proteins and elevated polyol pathway in the eye lens have been the characteristic features of a diabetic condition. We have previously reported the benefits of zinc supplementation in reducing hyperglycemia and associated metabolic abnormalities and oxidative stress in diabetic rats. The current study explored whether zinc supplementation protects against cataractogenesis through modulation of glycation of lens proteins, elevated polyol pathway, oxidative stress, and proportion of different heat shock proteins in the eye lens of diabetic rats.

Thermal assisted alkaline pretreatment of rice husk for enhanced biomass deconstruction and enzymatic saccharification: Physico-chemical and structural characterization.

Thermal assisted alkaline pretreatment (TAAP) of rice husk (RH) was investigated to facilitate enzymatic saccharification by enhancing the enzyme accessibility to cellulosic components. Statistically guided experiments based on the Box-Behnken design involving four factors viz. biomass loading, particle size, NaOH loading and reaction time was considered for optimization.

Protective and antioxidative effect of rubropunctatin against oxidative protein damage induced by metal catalyzed reaction.

Monascus purpureus is known to produce several coloured secondary metabolites. In this study, M. purpureus CFR 410-11 mutant fermented with rice was dried and extracted in hexane for purification of pigment.

Fatty acids modulate the efficacy of lutein in cataract prevention: Assessment of oxidative and inflammatory parameters in rats.

Background: Effects of lutein (L) and fatty acids [linoleic acid (LA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)+docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and oleic acid (OA)] on oxidative stress and inflammation in cataract were assessed.

Methods: Cataract was induced in male Wistar rat pups (11 days old) by giving a single dose of sodium selenite (25 μM/kg body weight) by IP. Lutein (1.

Effect of Encapsulation on Viability of CFR815j and Physiochemical Properties of Ice Cream.

The health beneficial attributes of bifidobacteria and its safe association with the host gut has increased its significance as a probiotic. However delivering probiotic bifidobacteria with Minimum Biological Value (MBV) through product has always been a challenge. In the present study, an attempt was made to maintain the viability of native isolate of CFR 815j and deliver through ice-cream.

Cupincin: A Novel Cupin Domain Containing Protease from Rice ( L.) Bran Comprising of Procoagulant and Fibrinogenolytic Activity.

The current study was carried out to evaluate the pharmacological properties of cupincin- A novel cupin domain containing metalloprotease with limited proteolysis from rice bran on blood coagulation and hydrolysis of human fibrinogen. Cupincin preferentially hydrolyzed the Aα chain of fibrinogen and then the Bβ-chain, but not the γ-chain. Cupincin reduced the re-calcification time of citrated human plasma dose dependently.

Characterization of Neem ( A. Juss) seed volatile compounds obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide process.

Extraction process employing Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SCF) yields bioactive compounds near natural forms without any artifact formation. Neem seed was subjected to SCF at different temperatures and pressure conditions. These extracts were partitioned to separate volatile fraction and were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass spectroscopy along with the volatiles extracted by the hydro-distillation method.