Genome of Bifidobacterium longum NCIM 5672 provides insights into its acid-tolerance mechanism and probiotic properties.

Bifidobacterium longum NCIM 5672 is a probiotic strain isolated from the Indian infant feces. The probiotic efficacy of Bifidobacteria is majorly affected by its acid tolerance. This study determined the probiotic properties and acid-tolerance mechanism of B.

Improvement in vitamin B status of Wistar rats by supplementing the diet with biomass.

The sources of bioavailable vitamin B are limited, and most of them are animal-derived. a freshwater microalga, is known for immune system boosting, nutraceutical properties and presence of a natural form of vitamin B. The present study focused on the in vivo evaluation of the biomass as a source of bioavailable vitamin B to alleviate the vitamin B deficiency status of Wistar rats.

Ethanolic extract of Pyrus pashia buch ham ex. D. Don (Kainth): A bioaccessible source of polyphenols with anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Pyrus pashia Buch ham ex. D. Don (Kainth) fruit from the Himalayan region is traditionally consumed by native people in the form of decoctions for various clinical conditions including inflammatory diseases.

In situ thermal modification of kafirin using infrared radiations and microwaves.

Background: Kafirin is a prolamin protein located in the corneous endosperm of sorghum. The conventional thermal processing of kafirin reduces its solubility, which limits its utilization in the food industry. Therefore, the study was aimed to investigate the effect of in situ thermal modification of kafirin using two different electromagnetic thermal treatments, namely infrared (IR) and microwave (MW) radiation, on the physicochemical, structural, thermal, and antioxidant properties.

Bioactive components of mushrooms: Processing effects and health benefits.

Mushrooms have been recognized for their culinary attributes for long and were relished in the most influential civilizations in history. Currently, they are the focus of renewed research because of their therapeutic abilities. Nutritional benefits from mushrooms are in the form of a significant source of essential proteins, dietary non-digestible carbohydrates, unsaturated fats, minerals, as well as various vitamins, which have enhanced its consumption, and also resulted in the development of various processed mushroom products.

Effect of heat processing on phenolics and their possible transformation in low-sugar high-moisture (LSHM) fruit products from Kainth (Pyrus pashia Buch.-ham ex D. Don) fruit.

LSHM fruit products were developed using 40% Kainth fruit juice (KJ40) and 10% pomace (KP10). The percentage of fruit juice and pomace was optimized based on the sensory analysis. The effect of heat processing on the nutritional and neutraceuticals parameters was studied.

Application of proteins from different meat processing wastewater streams as a dietary protein source in animal feed.

The present study aimed to investigate the protein quality indices of meat processing wastewaters protein hydrolysate (FWPH) obtained by Pediococcus lolii fermentation using a rat bioassay. Different diets namely, SD (100% casein), F50 (50% FWPH+50% casein), F75 (75% FWPH+25% casein), and F100 (100% FWPH) were formulated and fed to 28 days old albino male Wistar rats (6 rats each group). SD and F50 group rats showed higher feed and protein intake among all diet group rats (P < 0.

Neoxanthin prevents HO-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells by activating endogenous antioxidant signals and suppressing apoptosis signals.

Background: The liver has a solid inbuilt antioxidant defense system to regulate oxidative stress. However, exposure to an excessive level of ROS causes liver injury. This study examined the cytoprotective effect of neoxanthin, a xanthophyll antioxidant molecule isolated from Solanum trilobatum in stress-induced HepG2 cells.

Generation, characterization and molecular binding mechanism of novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitory peptides from sorghum bicolor seed protein.

Food proteins and their constituent peptides impart huge health benefits besides their nutritional attributes. Sorghum bicolor protein hydrolysates (SPH) and derived bioactive peptides generated by simulated gastrointestinal digestion were studied for DPP-4 inhibitory properties using in vitro and in situ assays. Identified peptides, LSICGEESFGTGSDHIR (PEP1), SLGESLLQEDVEAHK (PEP2) and QLRDIVDK (PEP4) displayed potent DPP-4 inhibition with IC50 values of 73.

Milled fractions of common buckwheat () from the Himalayan regions: grain characteristics, functional properties and nutrient composition.

This study evaluates and compares the milled fractions of buckwheat () for their physical, functional properties and nutritional composition. Four samples of buckwheat from the Indian Himalayan regions were roller-milled into five fractions: fine-flour, grits, bran, hull-1 and hull-2. The water activity of the grains lies between 0.

Assessment of black gram milling by-product as a potential source of nutrients.

The present study was carried out to classify and explore the nutrient distribution of black gram milling by-product, with an intention to find value-added applications. The by-product was classified into two fractions, i.e.

Rational design of hyperstable antibacterial peptides for food preservation.

We describe the design of peptides with properties like thermostability, pH stability, and antibacterial activity against a few bacterial food pathogens. Insights obtained from classical structure-function analysis of natural peptides and their mutants through antimicrobial and enzymatic assays are used to rationally develop a set of peptides. pH and thermostability assays were performed to demonstrate robust antimicrobial activity post-treatment with high temperatures and at wide pH ranges.

Effect of Silymarin and Quercetin in a Miniaturized Scaffold in Wistar Rats against Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Silymarin and quercetin (SQ) are known antioxidants with substantial free radical scavenging activities. The efficacy of SQ activity is restricted due to poor absorption and availability. This study aims to increase the hepatoprotective activity of SQ by a newer delivery technique.

Secondary Metabolites from Food-Derived Yeasts Inhibit Virulence of Candida albicans.

A sparse number of available antifungal drugs, therapeutic side effects, and drug resistance are major challenges in current antifungal therapy to treat Candida albicans-associated infections. Here, we describe two food-derived yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Issatchenkia occidentalis, that inhibit virulence traits of C. albicans, including hyphal morphogenesis, biofilm formation, and adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells.

Quantification of aflatoxin and ochratoxin contamination in animal milk using UHPLC-MS/SRM method: a small-scale study.

Unlabelled: Mycotoxin contamination in animal milk is an emerging concern around the globe. Here we developed and validated an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry-selected reaction monitoring (UHPLC/MS-SRM) method to quantify low concentrations of aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxins (OTs) in routinely consumed animal milk samples collected from southern India. Stable isotope dilution methodology was applied to quantify AFB, AFB, AFG, AFG, AFM, AFM and OTA, OTB in  = 38 different milk samples, using 1 mL of milk.

High cholesterol-supplemented diet during gestation and lactation alters liver glycosaminoglycans and associated lipoprotein receptors and results in fat accumulation in adulthood.

In utero insults to growing fetus impact its health in adulthood. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are involved in lipoprotein metabolism in the liver and vary both quantitively and qualitatively on feeding adult rats a diet rich in cholesterol. However, no reports are available to show the modulation of GAGs when the offspring are subjected to a high cholesterol diet in gestation and lactation stages.

Characterization of isolated compounds from spp. and their biological activity as anticancer molecules.

The genus is well known for its medicinal benefits from time immemorial. The present work reported the health-promoting properties of the biologically active molecules present in different species of the genus . Different solvent extracts of the three plant species of were investigated initially for their antioxidant effects, followed by anticancer studies against MCF7 and 3T3 cell lines along with their bioactive isolates .

Targeting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease through active phytocompounds of ayurvedic medicinal plants - Emblica officinalis (Amla), Phyllanthus niruri Linn. (Bhumi Amla) and Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) - A molecular docking and simulation study.

Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), a viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared a global pandemic by WHO in 2020. In this scenario, SARS-CoV-2 main protease (COVID-19 M), an enzyme mainly involved in viral replication and transcription is identified as a crucial target for drug discovery. Traditionally used medicinal plants contain a large amount of bioactives and pave a new path to develop drugs and medications for COVID-19.

Comparative assessment of amino acids composition in two types of marine fish silage.

Fish silage is a brown liquefied product achieved by the action of enzymes when finely grounded whole/parts of either single or mixed fish types are subjected to acidification. This study made a comparative assessment of biochemical and nutritive properties, especially the amino acid composition in supernatant phase of formic acid silages prepared from two fish types, Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) and false travely (Lactarius lactarius) representing fat fish (FF, fat content > 5%) and lean fish (LF, fat content < 5%), respectively during 35 days of fermentation (DoF). Significantly higher content of total amino acid (TAA) and free amino acids (FAA) were recorded in FFS (TAA, 41.

Alternative splicing regulates the α-glucosidase synthesis in Aspergillus neoniger NCIM 1400.

Aspergillus neoniger NCIM 1400 whose cell-free fraction was earlier established for transglycosylation activity conferred by α-glucosidase gene (agdA), was subjected to sequence analysis. Preliminary results revealed certain dynamics in the intron splicing mechanism, and to ascertain these molecular events, a detailed study was carried. The electrophoresis results from the cDNA portion (B-fragment) of agdA showed multiple bands, indicating the amplification of one or more fragments.

Ozone assisted autohydrolysis of wheat bran enhances xylooligosaccharide production with low generation of inhibitor compounds: A comparative study.

In the present study, ozone assisted autohydrolysis (OAAH) was evaluated for enhanced generation of xylooligosaccharide (XOS) from wheat bran. The total XOS yield with optimum ozone dose of 3% (OAAH-3) was found to be 8.9% (w/w biomass) at 110 °C in comparison to 7.

Low pH-Based Method to Increase the Yield of Plant-Derived Nanoparticles from Fresh Ginger Rhizomes.

Plant-derived nanoparticles (PDNPs) are naturally occurring exosome-like nanovesicles derived from dietary plants containing key plant bioactives. Ginger-derived PDNPs have a therapeutic effect on alcohol-induced liver injury, inflammatory bowel disease, and colon cancer. PDNPs are conventionally purified by differential ultracentrifugation, a technique not amenable for scale up.

Distribution and Diversity of Nisin Producing LAB in Fermented Food.

An attempt was made, to characterize natural antibiotics or lantibiotics from unconventional sources and its antibacterial spectrum against food borne pathogens and drug resistant bacteria. Six different traditional fermented foods i.e.

Production of egg white hydrolysate by digestion with pineapple bromelain: optimization, evaluation and antioxidant activity study.

Unlabelled: Chicken egg white is known to be an excellent source of good quality proteins to make hydrolysate with potential bioactive properties. Enzymatic digestion is a well-known method to produce protein hydrolysates; however, the type of enzyme determines the bioactive potential of the protein hydrolysates due to difference in their catalytic specificity. In this study, process optimization, production and evaluation of whole egg white protein hydrolysate (WEWPH) using pineapple bromelain through the Box-Behnken design were carried out.

Evolutionary selectivity of amino acid is inspired from the enhanced structural stability and flexibility of the folded protein.

Aim: The present study attempts to decipher the site-specific amino acid alterations at certain positions experiencing preferential selectivity and their effect on proteins' stability and flexibility. The study examines the selection preferences by considering pair-wise non-bonded interaction energies of adjacent and interacting amino acids present at the interacting site, along with their evolutionary history.

Materials And Methods: For the study, variations in the interacting residues of spike protein (S-Protein) receptor-binding domain (RBD) of different coronaviruses were examined.