Vindoline is a key component of Catharanthus roseus leaf juice extract prepared through an Ayurveda-based method for ameliorating insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes.

Catharanthus roseus leaves have been traditionally described to possess potent antidiabetic activity and some leaf-specific alkaloids, including vindoline, have been studied for their antidiabetic potential. The aim of the present study was to validate the antidiabetic property of the plant with special reference to vindoline. An Ayurveda-based method was used to prepare the Swaras [leaf juice extract (LJE)] of three familial C.

Galactinol synthase 4 requires sulfur assimilation pathway to provide tolerance towards arsenic stress under limiting sulphur condition in Arabidopsis.

Heavy metalloid stress such as arsenic (As) toxicity and nutrient imbalance constitute a significant threat to plant productivity and development. Plants produce sulfur (S)-rich molecules like glutathione (GSH) to detoxify arsenic, but sulfur deficiency worsens its impact. Previous research identified Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes Koz2-2 (tolerant) and Ri-0 (sensitive) under low-sulfur (LS) and As(III) stress.

Crystallographic Analysis of Short Helical Peptides Containing Homologs of Phenylalanine.

Interactions between aromatic side chains of amino acids stabilize the fold and assembly of short peptides. The aromatic π…π and C-H…π interactions have been widely explored in the design of short peptides with specific folding and aggregation patterns. In the present study, we investigated the effect of homologated phenylalanine side chains on the conformation and assembly of peptide helices through X-ray crystallographic structure determination and analysis of five pentapeptides.

Insights into functional divergence, catalytic versatility and specificity of small molecule glycosyltransferases.

Glycosylation is one of the most fundamental biochemical processes in cells. It plays crucial roles in diversifying plant natural products for structures, bioavailability and bioactivity, and thus, renders the glycosylated compounds valuable as food additives, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Moreover, glycosylated compounds impact plant growth, development and stress response.

Phyto-metabolomic investigation of biologically active fraction of leaf.

(Wight & Arn.) Benth., leaves are used traditionally in variety of diseases.

Metabolic-Engineering Approach to Enhance Vanillin and Phenolic Compounds in Ocimum Sanctum (CIM-Angana) via VpVAN Overexpression.

Transgenic Ocimum sanctum plants were engineered to produce vanillin by overexpressing the VpVAN gene using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Positive transformants developed shoots within 4-5 weeks and were transferred to a root induction medium and four independent transformants with no observed adverse effects were kept for anlysis. Quantitative RT-PCR indicated significantly higher VpVAN expression in transgenic lines AG_3 and AG_1, impacting the phenylpropanoid pathway and phenolic compound accumulation.

Quantitative analysis of vasicine and vasicinone in (Nees.) using RP-HPLC: distribution and solvent extraction efficiency.

Nees (Acanthaceae), an ayurvedic shrub, is used widely in respiratory disorders. The pharmacologically most studied phytoconstituent in is vasicine, a bitter quinazoline alkaloid present in leaves. A robust method was developed for the simultaneous quantification and analysis of two major alkaloids i.

Unlocking microbial reservoirs for antimicrobial peptides and beyond.

Recently, Santos-Júnior et al. utilized a machine learning approach to identify nearly a million novel antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from the global microbiome. Here we explore the untapped potential of plant- and soil-associated microbiomes as a source of novel peptides, highlighting their promising applications in advancing agricultural innovation and sustainability.

SeqDPI: A 1D-CNN approach for predicting binding affinity of kinase inhibitors.

Predicting drug target binding affinity has huge relevance in Modern drug discovery and drug repositioning processes which assist doctors to come up with new drugs or even use the existing drugs for new target proteins. In silico models, using advanced deep learning techniques could further assist these prediction tasks by providing most prominent drug target pairs. Considering these factors, a deep learning based algorithmic framework is developed in this study to support drug target interaction prediction.

Time series analysis of uptake and translocation of Cd and expression of transporter genes in nine Andrographis paniculata accessions.

Cadmium is a non-essential and toxic metal. Its presence in plants can have hazardous effects not only on the plants themselves but also on human health after consumption. A time-dependent experiment was conducted on nine accessions of A.

Integrative multivariate analysis of agro-chemical and genotypic traits in Indian catmint (Nepeta cataria L.) half-sib populations.

This investigation conducted a comprehensive multivariate analysis on thirty half-sib populations of Nepeta cataria L., derived from natural populations based on oil yield. The study addresses the lack of comprehensive data on genetic, phenotypic, and chemical diversity in Nepeta cataria, which is essential for material selection and for conducting effective breeding programs.

An Insight Review on Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Evidences, and Biosynthesis of Key Metabolites of Indian Himalayan Cherry (Prunus cerasoides Don.) with Emphasis on its Safety and Use in Tradtional Phytomedicine.

Padmaka (Prunus cerasoides Don.), or wild Himalayan cherry, is a deciduous tree from the Rosaceaae family. The Prunus genus has 400-430 species, including shrubs and trees.

Integrating DNA Barcoding Within an Orthogonal Approach for Herbal Product Authentication: A Narrative Review.

Introduction: Existing methods for morphological, organoleptic, and chemical authentication may not adequately ensure the accurate identification of plant species or guarantee safety. Herbal raw material authentication remains a major challenge in herbal medicine. Over the past decade, DNA barcoding, combined with an orthogonal approach integrating various testing methods for quality assurance, has emerged as a new trend in plant authentication.

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a circulating steroid hormone precursor produced potent vasorelaxation in rat aorta and mesenteric arteries through blockade of L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels.

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is known for potent cardioprotective properties and diminished DHEA level in plasma is often associated with hypertension and age-related anomalies. However, putative ex-vivo vasorelaxation potential of DHEA in systemic resistance vessels like mesenteric arteries and conduit arteries like aorta are still to be worked out. The study aimed to explore vasorelaxation potential of DHEA in superior and resistance mesenteric arteries and aorta in rats and to determine the contribution L-type Voltage dependent calcium channel (L-VDCC) in the relaxation response in these arterial tissues.

Unraveling Water-Soluble Constituents of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in Relation to Their Toxicity and Anti-Typhoidal Activity in Mouse Models.

Plants are the major source of natural flavour ingredients reported for their wide applications in food and pharmaceuticals, oral care and wellness products, etc. We have investigated the water-soluble fractions (WSF) of basil tetraploid (O. basilicum L.

5H-benzo[c]fluorene derivative exhibits antiproliferative activity via microtubule destabilization.

Present study aimed at a single component cyclization of 2-benzylidene-1-tetralones for the preparation of 5H-benzo[c]fluorenes and their antiproliferative activity. This ring closure reaction underwent via reductive cyclization in the presence of a sodium borohydride-aluminium chloride system. Ten diverse 5H-benzo[c]fluorene derivatives were prepared and evaluated for antiproliferative activity against three human cancer cell lines by SRB assay.

The future in diagnostic tools for TB outbreaks: A review of the approaches with focus on LAMP and RPA diagnostics tests.

Tuberculosis (TB) is still the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in the world caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Due to slow diagnostic and treatment options, the disease is a major concern for public health and also increases the burden on the global economy. Rapid, sensitive, and cheaper TB diagnosis test is urgent to lower their rates by point of care testing (POCT).

Phylogenetically distant enzymes localized in cytosol and plastids drive citral biosynthesis in lemongrass.

Citral, a naturally occurring acyclic monoterpene aldehyde, is present in the essential oils of various plants, but only a few produce it in abundance. Despite its importance as a key aroma molecule, knowledge regarding the in-planta biosynthesis of citral and its metabolic origin remains limited. Here, we have elucidated the functions of an alcohol dehydrogenase (CfADH1) and an aldoketo-reductase (CfAKR2b) in citral biosynthesis in lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus), one of the most cultivated aromatic crops for its citral-rich essential oil.

Novel nanoformulation for enhanced amphotericin B efficacy and sustained release using vetiver root cellulose nanofibers against Candida albicans.

The formidable antifungal agent, Amphotericin B, is well-known for its potency; however, its clinical application has been significantly limited due to toxicity and poor solubility. This study aims to address these challenges by developing and evaluating a novel nano-cellulose-based formulation of Amphotericin B to enhance its efficacy. Amphotericin B was encapsulated within cellulose nanofibers at varying ratios to optimize formulation parameters, including drug concentration, particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency.

Metabolic engineering of hairy root cultures in for enhanced production of vanillin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and vanillyl alcohol.

The flavor of vanilla is a complex blend of compounds, with vanillin as the most prominent, along with vanillyl alcohol and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Natural vanillin extracted from vanilla beans is expensive, so researchers use heterologous synthesis to produce nature-identical vanillin in plant hosts. Consequently, alternative traditional farming and gathering methods are required to bridge the significant disparity between supply and demand.

Asiatic acid impedes NSCLC progression by inhibiting COX-2 and modulating PI3K signaling.

Non-small cell lung cancer comprises up to 85% of lung cancer cases and has a poor prognosis. At present, there are still no effective treatments for this illness. Evidence suggests that the prostaglandin [cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)] and leukotriene [lipoxygenase-5 (5-LOX)] pathways are involved in lung cancer carcinogenesis.

Plant based steroidal and triterpenoid sapogenins: Chemistry on diosgenin and biological aspects.

Plants are rich in steroidal and triterpenoid saponins. Diosgenin is an important sapogenin obtained from various steroidal saponins and specially from dioscin. It possesses diverse pharmacological activities as it is capable of modulating various endogenous pathways.

Employing Bacillus and Pseudomonas for phytonematode management in agricultural crops.

Phytonematodes are responsible for causing significant harm and reducing yields in various agricultural crops. To minimize losses caused by phytonematodes and meet the high demand for agricultural production, it is important to develop effective strategies with minimal environmental impact to manage this biotic stress. Due to the adverse environmental effects associated with synthetic pesticides, it is imperative to use beneficial bacteria, such as Bacillus and Pseudomonas spp.

An environmentally benign process to synthesize vanillin and other substituted phenyl aldehydes using natural phenylpropenes.

The limited vanillin (3a) production from plant sources requires identifying some renewable and sustainable approaches for its synthesis. This study aimed to develop an efficient, eco-friendly process for synthesizing vanillin (3a) from eugenol (1a) and eugenol-rich essential oils. The chemical methodology for vanillin (3a) synthesis involved base-mediated isomerization of eugenol (1a) to isoeugenol (2a), followed by OsO/NaIO mediated oxidation of isoeugenol to vanillin (3a) using different additives such 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.

Transcriptional junk: Waste or a key regulator in diverse biological processes?

Plant genomes, through their evolutionary journey, have developed a complex composition that includes not only protein-coding sequences but also a significant amount of non-coding DNA, repetitive sequences, and transposable elements, traditionally labeled as "junk DNA". RNA molecules from these regions, labeled as "transcriptional junk," include non-coding RNAs, alternatively spliced transcripts, untranslated regions (UTRs), and short open reading frames (sORFs). However, recent research shows that this genetic material plays crucial roles in gene regulation, affecting plant growth, development, hormonal balance, and responses to stresses.