Lifelong Residential Exposure to Green Space and Attention: A Population-based Prospective Study.

Background: Natural environments, including green spaces, may have beneficial impacts on brain development. However, longitudinal evidence of an association between long-term exposure to green spaces and cognitive development (including attention) in children is limited.

Objectives: We evaluated the association between lifelong residential exposure to green space and attention during preschool and early primary school years.

The sensitization pattern differs according to rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity in adults: the EGEA study.

Background: Mono- and polysensitization are different IgE-mediated allergic phenotypes in children. Allergic sensitization is associated with both allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis, however, associations between the sensitization pattern and particularly polysensitization with asthma and rhinitis remains poorly studied in adults.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess how the allergic sensitization pattern associates with asthma, rhinitis and their multimorbidity.

Exposure to ultrafine particles and respiratory hospitalisations in five European cities.

Epidemiological evidence on the associations between exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP), with aerodynamic electrical mobility diameters <100 nm, and health is limited. We gathered data on UFP from five European cities within 2001-2011 to investigate associations between short-term changes in concentrations and respiratory hospitalisations.We applied city-specific Poisson regression models and combined city-specific estimates to obtain pooled estimates.

Susceptibility Factors Relevant for the Association Between Long-Term Air Pollution Exposure and Incident Asthma.

In this review, we identified 15 studies in children and 10 studies in adults that assessed the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and incident asthma and that conducted stratified analyses to explore potential susceptibility factors. Overall, adult never-/former smokers seem to be at higher risk of incident asthma due to air pollution. Children without atopy and children from low socioeconomic status families also seem to be at higher risk of incident asthma due to air pollution.

Characterization of Rhinitis According to the Asthma Status in Adults Using an Unsupervised Approach in the EGEA Study.

Background: The classification of rhinitis in adults is missing in epidemiological studies.

Objective: To identify phenotypes of adult rhinitis using an unsupervised approach (data-driven) compared with a classical hypothesis-driven approach.

Methods: 983 adults of the French Epidemiological Study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA) were studied.

Epidemiology of hypospadias in Europe: a registry-based study.

Background: Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation. The prevalence of hypospadias has a large geographical variation, and recent studies have reported both increasing and decreasing temporal trends. It is unclear whether hypospadias prevalence is associated with maternal age.

Swimming pool attendance, respiratory symptoms and infections in the first year of life.

Unlabelled: We evaluated the relationship between indoor and outdoor swimming pool attendance and respiratory symptoms and infections during the first year of life. A population-based mother-child cohort study was conducted in four Spanish areas (INMA project). Study subjects were recruited at pregnancy, followed to delivery and 14 months after birth.

Socioeconomic status and exposure to multiple environmental pollutants during pregnancy: evidence for environmental inequity?

Background: Inequities in the distribution of environmental exposures may add an extra burden to socially disadvantaged populations, especially when acting during vulnerable periods such as pregnancy and early life, but such inequities may be more complex and uncertain than is generally assumed. We therefore examine whether socioeconomic inequities exist in pregnancy exposures to multiple common environmental contaminants in air, water and food.

Methods: A Spanish population-based birth cohort study enrolled over 2000 pregnant women between 2004 and 2008.

Seafood consumption in pregnancy and infant size at birth: results from a prospective Spanish cohort.

Background: Studies on maternal seafood consumption during pregnancy and the risk of small for gestational age (SGA) births have yielded inconsistent results. As few studies have examined associations with specific seafood subtypes or accounted simultaneously for exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs), it is uncertain to what extent intakes of seafood subtypes with variable contaminant or fatty acid content may explain these inconsistencies.

Methods: A cohort of 657 women recruited during the first trimester of pregnancy from a Mediterranean area with high seafood intakes was followed through birth.