Short-term doxorubicin cardiotoxic effects: involvement of cardiac Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone system.

Unlabelled: Doxorubicin is an antineoplastic in the anthracycline class widely used for the treatment of several solid tumors and blood cancers. Cardiotoxicity is the major dose-limiting adverse effect of the drug. Chronic and accumulated doxorubicin administration cause myocyte damage and myocardial fibrosis.

Molecular Mechanisms in Perirhinal Cortex Selectively Necessary for Discrimination of Overlapping Memories, but Independent of Memory Persistence.

Successful memory involves not only remembering over time but also keeping memories distinct. The ability to separate similar experiences into distinct memories is a main feature of episodic memory. Discrimination of overlapping representations has been investigated in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (DG), but little is known about this process in other regions such as the perirhinal cortex (Prh).

Serotonin 2a Receptor and Serotonin 1a Receptor Interact Within the Medial Prefrontal Cortex During Recognition Memory in Mice.

Episodic memory, can be defined as the memory for unique events. The serotonergic system one of the main neuromodulatory systems in the brain appears to play a role in it. The serotonin 2a receptor (5-HT2aR) one of the principal post-synaptic receptors for 5-HT in the brain, is involved in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders associated with memory deficits.

Altered Corticostriatal Connectivity and Exploration/Exploitation Imbalance Emerge as Intermediate Phenotypes for a Neonatal Dopamine Dysfunction.

Findings showing that neonatal lesions of the forebrain dopaminergic system in rodents lead to juvenile locomotor hyperactivity and learning deficits have been taken as evidence of face validity for the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, the core cognitive and physiological intermediate phenotypes underlying this rodent syndrome remain unknown. Here we show that early postnatal dopaminergic lesions cause long-lasting deficits in exploitation of shelter, social and nutritional resources, and an imbalanced exploratory behavior, where nondirected local exploration is exacerbated, whereas sophisticated search behaviors involving sequences of goal directed actions are degraded.

Learning from the public: citizens describe the need to improve end-of-life care access, provision and recognition across Europe.

Background: Despite ageing populations and increasing cancer deaths, many European countries lack national policies regarding palliative and end-of-life care. The aim of our research was to determine public views regarding end-of-life care in the face of serious illness.

Methods: Implementation of a pan-European population-based survey with adults in England, Belgium (Flanders), Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Portugal and Spain.

The response to postnatal stress: amino acids transporters and PKC activity.

It is well known that animals exposed to stressful stimuli during their early life develop different neurological disorders when they become adults. In this study, we evaluated the effect of acute cold stress on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and L-Serine (L-Ser) transporters in vitro, using the uptake of [(3)H]-GABA and [(3)H]L-Ser by synaptosomes-enriched fractions isolated from rat cerebral cortex during postnatal development. GABA and L-Ser uptake studies in vitro will be used in this investigation as a colateral evidence of changes in the expression of transporters of GABA and L-Ser.

Glutamine synthetase activity and glutamate uptake in hippocampus and frontal cortex in portal hypertensive rats.

Aim: To study glutamine synthetase (GS) activity and glutamate uptake in the hippocampus and frontal cortex (FC) from rats with prehepatic portal vein hypertension.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into sham-operated group and a portal hypertension (PH) group with a regulated stricture of the portal vein. Animals were sacrificed by decapitation 14 d after portal vein stricture.

The formation of peroxynitrite in the applied physiology of mitochondrial nitric oxide.

Mitochondria require nitric oxide ((.)NO) to exert a delicate control of metabolic rate as well as to regulate life functions, cell cycle activation and arrest, and apoptosis. All activities depend on the matrical (.

The C-terminal end of P proteins mediates ribosome inactivation by trichosanthin but does not affect the pokeweed antiviral protein activity.

Ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) inhibit protein synthesis depurinating a conserved residue in the sarcin/ricin loop of ribosomes. Some RIPs are only active against eukaryotic ribosomes, but other RIPs inactivate with similar efficiency prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes, suggesting that different RIPs would interact with different proteins. The SRL in Trypanosoma cruzi ribosomes is located on a 178b RNA molecule named 28Sdelta.

GH in the dwarf dopaminergic D2 receptor knockout mouse: somatotrope population, GH release, and responsiveness to GH-releasing factors and somatostatin.

Recently, the importance of the dopaminergic D2 receptor (D2R) subtype in normal body growth and neonatal GH secretion has been highlighted. Disruption of D2R alters the GHRH-GH-IGF-I axis and impairs body growth in adult male mice. The D2R knockout (KO) dwarf mouse has not been well characterized; we therefore sought to determine somatotrope function in the adult pituitary.

Use of ALA and ALA derivatives for optimizing ALA-based photodynamic therapy: a review of our experience.

5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-based PDT has been gaining increased attention in the last ten years, and become an approved treatment modality for some cancers and other diseases. Different approaches to enhance this therapeutic modality are in progress, including the development of several drug delivery systems and the use of more lipophilic ALA derivatives. This paper focuses on our experience in this field.

Synthesis and mobilization of glycogen during metamorphosis of the medfly Ceratitis capitata.

There are no recent reports focusing on insect glycogen metabolism that take the advances made in mammalian and yeast systems into account. Moreover, little is known about glycogen synthesis and degradation during insect metamorphosis. The biosynthesis and mobilization of insect glycogen were measured during the larva to adult transition in the Medfly, Ceratitis capitata.

Comparative effect of ALA derivatives on protoporphyrin IX production in human and rat skin organ cultures.

Samples of human and rat skin in short-term organ culture exposed to ALA or a range of hydrophobic derivatives were examined for their effect on the accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) measured using fluorescence spectroscopy. With the exception of carbobenzoyloxy-D-phenylalanyl-5-ALA-ethyl ester the data presented indicate that, in normal tissues, ALA derivatives generate protoporphyrin IX more slowly than ALA, suggesting that they are less rapidly taken up and/or converted to free ALA. However, the resultant depot effect may lead to the enhanced accumulation of porphyrin over long exposure periods, particularly in the case of ALA-methyl ester or ALA-hexyl ester, depending on the applied concentration and the exposed tissue.

A temperature-sensitive DNA adenine methyltransferase mutant of Salmonella typhimurium.

A temperature-sensitive mutant of Salmonella typhimurium was isolated earlier after transposon mutagenesis with Tn10d Tet. The mutant D220 grows well at 28 degreesC but has a lower growth rate and forms filaments at 37 degreesC. Transposon-flanking fragments of mutant D220 DNA were cloned and sequenced.