Functionalized thiazolidone-decorated lanthanum-doped copper oxide: novel heterocyclic sea sponge morphology for the efficient detection of dopamine.

Herein, we synthesized lanthanum (La)-doped sea sponge-shaped copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles and wrapped them with novel O-, N- and S-rich (2,5)-3-acetyl-2-((3,4-dimethylphenyl)imino)-5-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)thiazolidin-4-one (La@CuO-DMT). The shape and composition of the designed materials were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The graphitic pencil electrode (GPE) fabricated using La@CuO-DMT showed excellent sensing efficacy against dopamine (DA) with good selectivity, reproducibility and ideal stability.