Thrombin-like enzymes from snake venom: Structural characterization and mechanism of action.

Snake venom thrombin-like enzymes (SVTLEs) constitute the major portion (10-24%) of snake venom and these are the second most abundant enzymes present in the crude venom. During envenomation, these enzymes had shown prominently the various pathological effects, such as disturbance in hemostatic system, fibrinogenolysis, fibrinolysis, platelet aggregation, thrombosis, neurologic disorders, activation of coagulation factors, coagulant, procoagulant etc. These enzymes also been used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of various diseases such as congestive heart failure, ischemic stroke, thrombotic disorders etc.

Spider's venom phospholipases D: A structural review.

Spider venoms are complex mixtures of proteins, peptides and small organic and inorganic molecules. Among the proteins, phospholipases D (PLDs) present the major portion, and till now they are the most studied enzymes in spider venom. These PLDs have been divided into two classes, I and II, based on their primary and tertiary structure.

Antibacterial effects of Tungsten nanoparticles on the Escherichia coli strains isolated from catheterized urinary tract infection (UTI) cases and Staphylococcus aureus.

A significant proportion of all incidents of nosocomial infections in acute-care hospitals is due to contaminated catheters. Alternative strategies e.g.