SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence screening study of a children's hospital health care workers.

Background: Health care workers (HCWs) are front line responders to the COVID-19 pandemic, but limited data is available for pediatric HCWs, as the research response has largely focused on adult patients and medical personnel that treat these patients.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and risk factors in HCWs at a Children's Hospital in CO, USA from September 2020 to April 2021. Pediatric HCWs were defined as clinical care providers and administrative staff.

Actigraphy Study Endpoints to Reduce Sample Size and Facilitate Drug Development for Pediatric Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of using actigraphy to measure physical activity (pA) and heart rate variability (HRV) as study endpoints in pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and to compare their performance to 6-minute-walk distance (6MWD), a common primary endpoint used in PAH clinical trials in adults and children who can walk and understand the test process.

Study Design: We conducted a prospective, multicenter, noninterventional study in pediatric PAH patients and healthy children. Actiheart and Fitbit Charge 2 recorded pA and heart rate data.

Long term outcomes after repeat lymph node dissections for persistent or recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer.

Background: The primary treatment for locoregional recurrent/persistent differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is repeated lymph node dissection; however, there are limited reports on the safety and long-term efficacy of multiple operations.

Methods: Patients who underwent a cervical lymph node dissection between 1998 and 2022 were included in this study. Demographics, initial thyroid surgery, subsequent lymph node dissections, follow up information, and response to therapy were acquired.

Aerosol mitigation in upper airway surgery.

Background: Aerosol generating procedures pose a risk for SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and comprise a large percentage of cases performed in otolaryngology. An optimal method to mitigate this hazard does not currently exist. This study examined methods to mitigate surgical aerosols from the operating room.

Oncogenic EML4-ALK assemblies suppress growth factor perception and modulate drug tolerance.

Drug resistance remains a challenge for targeted therapy of cancers driven by EML4-ALK and related fusion oncogenes. EML4-ALK forms cytoplasmic protein condensates, which result from networks of interactions between oncogene and adapter protein multimers. While these assemblies are associated with oncogenic signaling, their role in drug response is unclear.

Artificial intelligence and informatics in neonatal resuscitation.

Neonatal intensive care unit resuscitative care continually evolves and increasingly relies on data. Data driven precision resuscitation care can be enabled by leveraging informatics tools and artificial intelligence. Despite technological advancements, these data are often underutilized due to suboptimal data capture, aggregation, and low adoption of artificial intelligence and analytic tools.

"It's Really Complicated": Engaging Key Stakeholders to Inform a Novel Parent-led Sexual Health Education Program for Autistic Youth.

Autistic adolescents frequently encounter difficulties in managing changes associated with puberty, sexuality, and relationships, and parents may be a useful source of sexual and reproductive health education (SRE) for this population. Despite this, few evidence-based programs exist to support parents in this role. Thus, there is a need for the development of such programs, particularly those incorporating the lived experiences of key stakeholders.

The MicroRNA miR-223 Constrains Colitis-associated Tumorigenesis by Limiting Myeloid Cell Infiltration and Chemokine Expression.

Aberrant intestinal inflammation plays a critical role in the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), yet the mechanisms controlling tumor development by the myeloid immune compartment are not fully understood. Although altered microRNA expression is observed in CAC, it is also unclear how myeloid-specific microRNAs impact the inflammatory process that underpins the continuum from ulcerative colitis to tumorigenesis. In this study, we report that miR-223 acts to limit myeloid-driven inflammation in the azoxymethane (AOM)-dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model of CAC in mice.

The Physics of Postless Hip Arthroscopy.

Hip arthroscopy is commonly performed to treat femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. A post-assisted arthroscopic hip preservation surgery approach provides joint distraction for central-compartment access. Owing to the location, compression of the post in the perineum may cause injuries to the pudendal nerve, perineal soft tissue, or genitourinary system.

SEPSIGN: early identification of sepsis signs in emergency department.

Because 20-30% of patients with sepsis deteriorate to critical illness, biomarkers that provide accurate early prognosis may identify which patients need more intensive treatment versus safe early discharge. The objective was to test the performance of sVEGFR2, suPAR and PCT, alone or combined with clinical signs and symptoms, for the prediction of clinical deterioration. This prospective observational study enrolled patients with suspected infection who met SIRS criteria without organ dysfunction (delta SOFA <2 from baseline) from 16 emergency departments.

Associations between maternal microbiome, metabolome and incidence of low-birth weight in Guatemalan participants from the Women First Trial.

Background: Low birth weight (LBW; <2,500 g) affects approximately 15 to 20 percent of global births annually and is associated with suboptimal child development. Recent studies suggest a link between the maternal gut microbiome and poor obstetric and perinatal outcomes. The goal of this study was to examine relationships between maternal microbial taxa, fecal metabolites, and maternal anthropometry on incidence of LBW in resource-limited settings.

EAACI guidelines on the management of IgE-mediated food allergy.

This European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) guideline provides recommendations for the management of IgE-mediated food allergy and was developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Following the confirmation of IgE-mediated food allergy diagnosis, allergen avoidance and dietary advice (with support of a specialised dietitian, if possible) together with the provision of a written treatment plan, education on the recognition of allergic symptoms and prescription of medication including adrenaline using an auto-injector are essential. Patients with significant anxiety and requirement for coping strategies may benefit from support from a clinical psychologist.

Embolic Materials' Comparison in Meningeal Artery Embolization for Chronic Subdural Hematomas: Multicenter Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of 1070 Cases.

Background And Objectives: Multiple preferences exist for embolic materials selection in middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) for chronic subdural hematoma with limited comparative literature data. Herein, we compare different embolic materials.

Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing MMAE for chronic subdural hematoma at 14 North-American centers (2018-2023) were classified into 3 groups: (a) particles, (b) Onyx, (c) n-butyl cyanoacrylate (n-BCA).

A Qualitative Study of Patient and Interprofessional Healthcare Team Member Experiences of Bedside Interdisciplinary Rounds at a VA: Language, Teamwork, and Trust.

Background: Patient and interprofessional healthcare team member experiences of bedside interdisciplinary rounds (BIDR) are generally positive. Overall, there is large heterogeneity in existing BIDR frameworks, and best practices have not been defined.

Objective: Understand patients' and interprofessional healthcare team members' experiences of BIDR.

The Type 1 Diabetes T Cell Receptor and B Cell Receptor Repository in the AIRR Data Commons: a practical guide for access, use and contributions through the Type 1 Diabetes AIRR Consortium.

Human molecular genetics has brought incredible insights into the variants that confer risk for the development of tissue-specific autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes. The hallmark cell-mediated immune destruction that is characteristic of type 1 diabetes is closely linked with risk conferred by the HLA class II gene locus, in combination with a broad array of additional candidate genes influencing islet-resident beta cells within the pancreas, as well as function, phenotype and trafficking of immune cells to tissues. In addition to the well-studied germline SNP variants, there are critical contributions conferred by T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR) genes that undergo somatic recombination to yield the Adaptive Immune Receptor Repertoire (AIRR) responsible for autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes.