Advances in pharmacological treatment of Cushings disease.

Cushing's disease is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by hypercortisolism. Chronic elevated cortisol levels can lead to dysfunction or complications in multiple organs of systems, including cardiovascular, glucose, and bone metabolism, severely impacting patients' quality of life and posing life-threatening risks. Surgery is the first-line treatment for Cushing's disease.

Correlation between serum adenosine deaminase levels and risk of diabetic foot ulcers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a critical enzyme in the catabolism of adenosine acid during purine metabolism and plays a significant role in the diagnosis and monitoring of various diseases. This study aims to investigate the relationship between serum ADA levels and risk of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), providing a clinical basis for the prevention and treatment of DFU.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 2 719 T2DM patients diagnosed at the Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University from January 2019 to January 2020.

Correlation between polymorphisms of gene and renal injury in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Studies have shown that gene polymorphism is associated with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but its role in DKD remains unclear. This study aims to analyze the distribution of alleles and genotypes of gene in patients with T2DM, and investigate the association between genetic polymorphism and DKD susceptibility in T2DM patients, which may provide new ideas for the pathogenesis of DKD.

Conformation and binding of 12 Microcystin (MC) congeners to PPP1 using molecular dynamics simulations: a potential approach in support of an improved MC risk assessment.

Microcystins (MCs) occur frequently during cyanobacterial blooms worldwide, representing a group of currently about 300 known MC congeners, which are structurally highly similar. Human exposure to MCs via contaminated water, food or dietary supplements can lead to severe intoxications with ensuing high morbidity and in some cases mortality. Currently, one MC congener (MC-LR) is almost exclusively considered for risk assessment (RA) by the WHO.

Possible effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation on contextual fear conditioning, hippocampal perivascular space, apoptosis and adrenal gland microarchitecture in rats.

Whilst the world sees the tremendous growth of mobile phone technology, radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) induced possible health effects have emerged as a topic of recent day debate. The current study is designed to test the hypothesis that chronic 900MHz radiation exposure would potentially dysregulate the stress response system (HPA axis) in vivo, via, its non-thermal mechanisms, leading to alterations in the microarchitecture of the adrenal gland, vulnerable brain regions such as the hippocampus which may results in altered behaviours in rats. Male albino Wistar rats aged four weeks, weighing 50-60g were subjected to 900MHz radiation from a cellphone for four weeks at a rate of one hour per day.

Ampligo® 150 ZC affect the expression of sex hormone receptors and cell proliferation marker in female rabbit ovary: Protective effects of thyme essential oil and vitamin C.

Pesticides tend to cause serious reproductive defects, disturbing endocrine functions and reducing fertility, especially in females. The objective of this work was to identify the reprotoxic effects of Ampligo® 150 ZC (AP), a mixture formulation of lambda cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole, on the ovary of female rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and the possible protective effect of co-treatment with thyme essential oil (TEO), extracted from (Thymus vulgaris) species, and vitamin C (vit C). Twenty female rabbits were divided into four equal groups (n=5): Control (distilled water), AP (20mg/ kg bw of the insecticide mixture every other day, by gavage for 28 days), AP+TEO (20mg/ kg bw of AP + 0.

Dysregulation of Airway and Systemic Interferon Responses Promote Asthma Exacerbations in Urban Children.

Background: Determining why some upper respiratory illnesses provoke asthma exacerbations remains an unmet need.

Objective: To identify transcriptome-wide gene expression changes associated with colds that progress to exacerbation.

Methods: 208 urban children (6-17 years) with exacerbation-prone asthma were prospectively monitored for up to two cold illnesses.

High- versus Low-dose Oxytocin Regimens for Labor Augmentation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: To assess whether high- versus low-dose oxytocin regimens for labor augmentation are associated with differential risk for low Apgar score, neonatal acidosis, and other adverse labor outcomes.

Data Sources: We searched electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov) from inception up to March 2024 using combinations of the following keywords: "oxytocin," "oxytocin regimen," "oxytocin protocol," "oxytocin dosage," "active management," "high dose protocol," "low dose protocol," "augmentation of labor.

Epitalon-activated telomerase enhance bovine oocyte maturation rate and post-thawed embryo development.

Telomerase is highly expressed in oocyte cumulus cells and plays a significant role in follicular development and oocyte maturation. In this study, we hypothesized that in vitro culture conditions may affect telomerase activity during in vitro embryo production (IVP) and that its activation may improve embryo quality. We first examined telomerase protein levels and localization in bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes via immunofluorescence assays.

Neurobiological mechanisms of antidepressant properties of psilocybin: A systematic review of blood biomarkers.

Psilocybin represents a novel therapeutic approach for individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) who do not respond to conventional antidepressant treatment. Investigating the influence of psilocybin on the pathophysiological processes involved in MDD could enhance our neurobiological understanding of the presumed antidepressant action mechanism. This systematic review aims to summarize the results of human studies investigating changes in blood-based biomarkers of MDD to guide future research on potentially relevant analytes that could be monitored in clinical trials.

Association of Post-procedure Ankle-Brachial Index with Outcomes Following Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty in Femoropopliteal Artery Disease.

Endovascular treatment of femoropopliteal artery (FPA) disease with Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) may face complications such as arterial recoil, dissection, and residual stenosis. Angiography has limited accuracy for evaluating blood flow through revascularized target lesions. Thus, there is a need for post-procedure hemodynamic assessment in treated limbs.

Cynanchum wallichii Wight and CW1 reversed docetaxel resistance effects by inhibiting P-gp and promoting PI3K/Akt-mediated apoptosis in prostate cancer.

Cynanchum wallichii (CW) is a traditional Chinese medicine which is widely used for treating arthrophlogosis, traumatic injury, and other conditions. Herein, we investigate the effects and mechanisms of CW and its bioactive constituent CW1 in reversing docetaxel (DTX) resistance in prostate cancer (PCa) cells. We investigated the reversal effects of CW and its bioactive constituent CW1 on 22Rv1/DTX cells in vitro and in vivo.

Incidence of Severe Illness in Pediatric Influenza Outpatients Treated with Baloxavir or Neuraminidase Inhibitors.

Introduction: A single oral dose of baloxavir marboxil, a cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor, is approved for patients with influenza A or B infection; however, real-world evidence is limited. We evaluated the effectiveness of baloxavir vs neuraminidase inhibitors in reducing the incidence of severe illness in influenza outpatients aged 5-11 years.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed individual-level data from patients treated with these antivirals, using a large, Japanese health insurance claims database (JMDC).

Comparison of two aspirin doses for the prophylaxis of pre-eclampsia in twin pregnancy: a multicentre retrospective study with propensity score matching.

Background: Aspirin has proved its efficacy in reducing the rate of preeclampsia in singleton pregnancy, however, there is discrepancy about the efficient dosage that should be used. While some societies recommend daily 75-81mg, others recommend higher dosage (160mg). This discrepancy is due to the lack of randomized controlled studies that compare these two dosages.

Complications of percutaneous coronary intervention.

Complications of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. In-depth understanding of the mechanisms and management options of these complications as well as timely recognition and action can sometimes be lifesaving. In this review we discuss the mechanisms, prevention methods, diagnosis, and management of three major PCI complications: a) perforation b) acute vessel closure, and c) equipment loss.

Sequential catalysis enables efficient pyrolysis of food waste for syngas production.

Thermochemical conversion technologies are emerging as one of the most promising approaches to tackle food waste crisis. However, the existing techniques confront significant challenges in terms of syngas selectivity and catalyst stability. This study introduced a cost-effective Joule heating approach utilizing sequential catalysts composed of treated stainless steel (SS) and biochar to optimize syngas production from food waste.

Everolimus with or without mycophenolate mofetil for GVHD prophylaxis after allogeneic HSCT in children with acute kidney injury - a single-center retrospective analysis.

Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) serves as a therapeutic intervention for various pediatric diseases. Acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are decisive determinants for allogeneic HSCT success. The immunosuppressive agent, ciclosporin A, is most often used to prevent GVHD in pediatric patients, but is known to be nephrotoxic.

Priming human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells with signaling modifiers boosts their functionality: Potential application in regenerative therapies.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from tissues such as bone marrow, cord, cord blood, etc., are frequently used as feeder layers to expand hematopoietic stem/ progenitor cells (HSCs/HSPCs) in vitro. They are also co-infused with the HSCs to improve the efficacy of transplantation.

Microvessels-on-chip: Exploring endothelial cells and COVID-19 plasma interaction with nitric oxide metabolites.

COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), primarily manifests as a flu-like illness with lung injury, often necessitating supplemental oxygen. Elderly individuals and those with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases are at increased risk of mortality. The endothelial barrier disruption observed in patients indicates systemic viral invasion and widespread endotheliitis.

Synergistic oxidative modification and covalent cross-linking for the construction of sesbania gum-based high efficiency dust suppression foam sols.

To effectively utilize sesbania gum in coal dust control and address the limitations of excessive viscosity and mediocre strength, oxidation treatment was used to improve its fluidity. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium trimetaphosphite (STMP) were used to enhance oxidized sesbania gum OSG, and crosslinking technology was used to improve its mechanical stability. This study developed a novel foam dust suppressant OSG-PVA/SDBS by response surface design, and the optimized dust suppressant material exhibited excellent adhesion and curing properties.

Changes in rheological properties and structure of wheat gluten proteins induced by transglutaminase.

To elucidate the effect of transglutaminase (TG) on the rheological properties of wheat gluten, this study investigates the underlying mechanisms by analyzing changes in gluten structure. The results demonstrated that the TG-treated gluten samples had higher storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G″) compared to the control, conversely, creep and recovery strains followed an opposite trend. Notably, the most pronounced effects were observed with adding 2 U/g TG for 20-30 min.

Functionalization of chitosan and its application in flame retardant: A review.

In recent years, bio-based flame retardants have gained significant attention as sustainable alternatives, achieving important breakthroughs in flame retardancy and becoming a key focus for future development. Derived from biomass, chitosan (CS) has been widely used in the field of advanced functional materials. However, in the field of flame retardancy, chitosan alone shows limited effectiveness, leading researchers to explore its reactive functional groups for creating multifunctional flame retardant chitosan composites (FRCC).

Extraction of high-purity lignin from the kraft pulping black liquor by enzyme purification process with alkaline-resistant xylanase and cellulase.

In this study, the response surface methodology was first utilized to optimize the enzyme treatment conditions as reaction pH, temperature, time and enzyme dosage of 9.5, 45 °C, 94.5 min and 100 U/L.

Biodegradable chitosan-based films decorated with biosynthetic copper oxide nanoparticle for post-harvest tomato preservation.

Postharvest fruit decay caused by pathogens is an important factor leading to product waste and economic losses, and fruit coating is considered an effective strategy to solve this problem due to its simple operation and effectiveness. In this study, nano modified chitosan film (CSC) was created by mixing chitosan (CS) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) synthesized using abandoned Ficus carica fruit. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated the formation of intermolecular interactions between CS and CuO NPs in the composite film.

The effect of meloxicam at the time of treatment of hoof-horn lameness in pasture-grazing dairy cattle on time to lameness soundness, pregnancy risk and time to conception; a randomized control trial.

The aims of this study were to assess the effect of meloxicam at the time of lameness treatment for hoof-horn (HH) lesions in dairy cattle on 1) time to lameness soundness post trimming and block application and 2) reproductive success Five seasonal-calving pasture-based dairy farms located in the Waikato region of New Zealand were enrolled into a randomized clinical interventional trial. Farmers were tasked with identifying lame animals over a period of approximately -4 to 6 weeks relative to the herd start of mating (HSM), with lameness subsequently confirmed with lameness score (LS) by trained technicians (0-3 scale, where ≥2 are considered lame). Animals with a LS ≥2 were examined by a veterinarian who then enrolled animals if they presented lame with HH (white-line or sole) lesions.