MIFlowCyt-EV: a framework for standardized reporting of extracellular vesicle flow cytometry experiments.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, heterogeneous and difficult to measure. Flow cytometry (FC) is a key technology for the measurement of individual particles, but its application to the analysis of EVs and other submicron particles has presented many challenges and has produced a number of controversial results, in part due to limitations of instrument detection, lack of robust methods and ambiguities in how data should be interpreted. These complications are exacerbated by the field's lack of a robust reporting framework, and many EV-FC manuscripts include incomplete descriptions of methods and results, contain artefacts stemming from an insufficient instrument sensitivity and inappropriate experimental design and lack appropriate calibration and standardization.

Platelets Disseminate Extracellular Vesicles in Lymph in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Objective: The lymphatic system is a circulatory system that unidirectionally drains the interstitial tissue fluid back to blood circulation. Although lymph is utilized by leukocytes for immune surveillance, it remains inaccessible to platelets and erythrocytes. Activated cells release submicron extracellular vesicles (EV) that transport molecules from the donor cell.

Correction to: From legacy pollutants to emerging contaminants: recent inputs from the 2018 conference of EcoBIM network.

The original publication of this paper contains a mistake.

MRI assessment of multiple dipolar relaxation time (T) components in biological tissues interpreted with a generalized inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT) model.

T, the relaxation time of dipolar order, is sensitive to slow motional processes. Thus T is a probe for membrane dynamics and organization that could be used to characterize myelin, the lipid-rich membrane of axonal fibers. A mono-component T model associated with a modified ihMT sequence was previously proposed for in vivo evaluation of T with MRI.

Characterization and heterologous expression of three DGATs from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) mesocarp in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) can accumulate up to 88% oil in fruit mesocarp. A previous transcriptome study of oil palm fruits indicated that genes coding for three diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs), designated as EgDGAT1_3, EgDGAT2_2 and EgWS/DGAT_1 (according to Rosli et al., 2018) were highly expressed in mesocarp during oil accumulation.

The next generation of approaches to investigate the link between synaptic plasticity and learning.

Activity-dependent synaptic plasticity has since long been proposed to represent the subcellular substrate of learning and memory, one of the most important behavioral processes through which we adapt to our environment. Despite the undisputed importance of synaptic plasticity for brain function, its exact contribution to learning processes in the context of cellular and connectivity modifications remains obscure. Causally bridging synaptic and behavioral modifications indeed remains limited by the available tools to measure and control synaptic strength and plasticity in vivo under behaviorally relevant conditions.

Structural Insights on Retroviral DNA Integration: Learning from Foamy Viruses.

Foamy viruses (FV) are retroviruses belonging to the subfamily. They are non-pathogenic viruses endemic in several mammalian hosts like non-human primates, felines, bovines, and equines. Retroviral DNA integration is a mandatory step and constitutes a prime target for antiretroviral therapy.

Exploratory study of the interest of MR susceptibility-weighted imaging for the pre-operative assessment of pelvic endometriosis extent.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) in the assessment of endometriosis.

Material And Methods: This prospective study was performed during the diagnostic step or the pre-operative assessment of endometriosis, between June 2017 and April 2018. The MRI was conducted with a 3T MRI device; protocol included T2W, T1W, with and without fat-saturation sequences completed with a SWI sequence: T2-star weighted angiography (SWAN).

A multiscale stratigraphic investigation of the context of StW 573 'Little Foot' and Member 2, Sterkfontein Caves, South Africa.

The Sterkfontein Caves is currently the world's richest Australopithecus-bearing site. Included in Sterkfontein's hominin assemblage is StW 573 ('Little Foot'), a near-complete Australopithecus skeleton discovered in Member 2 in the Silberberg Grotto. Because of its importance to the fossil hominin record, the geological age of StW 573 has been the subject of significant debate.

Qafzeh 9 mandible (ca 90-100 kyrs BP, Israel) revisited: μ-CT and 3D reveal new pathological conditions.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to provide new insights into growth patterns and health of Mousterian hunter-gatherers dated to ca. 90-100 kyrs B.P.

Correction to: Diagnostic performance of an unenhanced MRI exam for tumor follow-up of the optic pathway gliomas in children.

In the article "Diagnostic performance of an unenhanced MRI exam for tumor follow-up of the optic pathway gliomas in children", Table 2 data were not presented correctly, with results placed beneath an incorrect heading. Confidence interval also added. The original article has been corrected.

Maternal consumption of piceatannol: A nutritional neuroprotective strategy against hypoxia-ischemia in rat neonates.

Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) remains a major cause of perinatal mortality and chronic disability in newborns worldwide (1-6 for 1000 births) with a high risk of future motor, behavioral and neurological deficits. Keeping newborns under moderate hypothermia is the unique therapeutic approach but is not sufficiently successful as nearly 50% of infants do not respond to it. In a 7-day post-natal rat model of HI, we used pregnant and breastfeeding female nutritional supplementation with piceatannol (PIC), a polyphenol naturally found in berries, grapes and passion fruit, as a neuroprotective strategy.

Developmental control of plant Rho GTPase nano-organization by the lipid phosphatidylserine.

Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) are master regulators of cell signaling, but how they are regulated depending on the cellular context is unclear. We found that the phospholipid phosphatidylserine acts as a developmentally controlled lipid rheostat that tunes Rho GTPase signaling in Live superresolution single-molecule imaging revealed that the protein Rho of Plants 6 (ROP6) is stabilized by phosphatidylserine into plasma membrane nanodomains, which are required for auxin signaling. Our experiments also revealed that the plasma membrane phosphatidylserine content varies during plant root development and that the level of phosphatidylserine modulates the quantity of ROP6 nanoclusters induced by auxin and hence downstream signaling, including regulation of endocytosis and gravitropism.

Exceptionally high δN values in collagen single amino acids confirm Neandertals as high-trophic level carnivores.

Isotope and archeological analyses of Paleolithic food webs have suggested that Neandertal subsistence relied mainly on the consumption of large herbivores. This conclusion was primarily based on elevated nitrogen isotope ratios in Neandertal bone collagen and has been significantly debated. This discussion relies on the observation that similar high nitrogen isotopes values could also be the result of the consumption of mammoths, young animals, putrid meat, cooked food, freshwater fish, carnivores, or mushrooms.

Rho-of-plant activated root hair formation requires gene function.

Root hairs are protrusions from root epidermal cells with crucial roles in plant soil interactions. Although much is known about patterning, polarity and tip growth of root hairs, contributions of membrane trafficking to hair initiation remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the trans-Golgi network-localized YPT-INTERACTING PROTEIN 4a and YPT-INTERACTING PROTEIN 4b (YIP4a/b) contribute to activation and plasma membrane accumulation of Rho-of-plant (ROP) small GTPases during hair initiation, identifying YIP4a/b as central trafficking components in ROP-dependent root hair formation.

Human H4 tail stimulates HIV-1 integration through binding to the carboxy-terminal domain of integrase.

The integration of the retroviral genome into the chromatin of the infected cell is catalysed by the integrase (IN)•viral DNA complex (intasome). This process requires functional association between the integration complex and the nucleosomes. Direct intasome/histone contacts have been reported to modulate the interaction between the integration complex and the target DNA (tDNA).

Synaptotagmin-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum-Plasma Membrane Contact Sites Are Localized to Immobile ER Tubules.

The plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is morphologically divided into tubules and sheets, seems to flow continuously as a whole, but locally, mobile and immobile regions exist. In eukaryotes, the ER physically and functionally interacts with the plasma membrane (PM) at domains called ER-PM contact sites (EPCSs). Extended synaptotagmin family proteins are concentrated in the cortical ER to form one type of EPCS; however, it is unclear whether the localization of extended synaptotagmin corresponds to the EPCS and where in the cortical ER the EPCSs are formed.

SEREEGA: Simulating event-related EEG activity.

Background: Electroencephalography (EEG) is a popular method to monitor brain activity, but it is difficult to evaluate EEG-based analysis methods because no ground-truth brain activity is available for comparison. Therefore, in order to test and evaluate such methods, researchers often use simulated EEG data instead of actual EEG recordings. Simulated data can be used, among other things, to assess or compare signal processing and machine learning algorithms, to model EEG variabilities, and to design source reconstruction methods.

The multistress-induced Translocator protein (TSPO) differentially modulates storage lipids metabolism in seeds and seedlings.

Translocator proteins (TSPO) are conserved membrane proteins extensively studied in mammals, but their function is still unclear. Angiosperm TSPO are transiently induced by abiotic stresses in vegetative tissues. We showed previously that constitutive expression of the Arabidopsis TSPO (AtTSPO) could be detrimental to the cell.

De novo biosynthesis of sterols and fatty acids in the Trypanosoma brucei procyclic form: Carbon source preferences and metabolic flux redistributions.

De novo biosynthesis of lipids is essential for Trypanosoma brucei, a protist responsible for the sleeping sickness. Here, we demonstrate that the ketogenic carbon sources, threonine, acetate and glucose, are precursors for both fatty acid and sterol synthesis, while leucine only contributes to sterol production in the tsetse fly midgut stage of the parasite. Degradation of these carbon sources into lipids was investigated using a combination of reverse genetics and analysis of radio-labelled precursors incorporation into lipids.