Sensor-to-Segment Calibration Methodologies for Lower-Body Kinematic Analysis with Inertial Sensors: A Systematic Review.

Kinematic analysis is indispensable to understanding and characterizing human locomotion. Thanks to the development of inertial sensors based on microelectronics systems, human kinematic analysis in an ecological environment is made possible. An important issue in human kinematic analyses with inertial sensors is the necessity of defining the orientation of the inertial sensor coordinate system relative to its underlying segment coordinate system, which is referred to sensor-to-segment calibration.

Experimental investigation of jet-induced wall pressure fluctuations over a tangential flat plate at two Reynolds numbers.

The wall pressure fluctuations induced by a subsonic circular jet on a rigid flat plate have been investigated considering two jets with different exit section diameters at the same Mach number. The analysis is aimed at completing the series of papers presented by the authors on the interaction between a subsonic jet and infinite tangential flat plate where the exit Mach number was the only parameter of the jet flow that was varied. In order to analyse other effects out of the Mach number, two configurations with different nozzle exhaust diameters were explored with the objective of isolating the Reynolds number effect keeping fixed the exit Mach number.

Scattering of Co-Current Surface Waves on an Analogue Black Hole.

We report on what is to our knowledge the first scattering experiment of surface waves on an accelerating transcritical flow, which in the analogue gravity context is described by an effective spacetime with a black-hole horizon. This spacetime has been probed by an incident co-current wave, which partially scatters into an outgoing countercurrent wave on each side of the horizon. The measured scattering amplitudes are compatible with the predictions of the hydrodynamical theory, where the kinematical description in terms of the effective metric is exact.

Design of defected TaN supercells dataset for structural and elastic properties from ab initio simulations and comparison to experimental data.

These data are supplied for supporting their interpretations and discussions provided in the research article "Large influence of vacancies on the elastic constants of cubic epitaxial tantalum nitride layers grown by reactive magnetron sputtering" by Abadias et al. (2020) [doi: 10.1016/j.

Orientation measurements of clay minerals by polarized attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy.

The orientation and organization of molecular guests within the interlayer of clay minerals control the reactivity and performance of tailored organo-clay materials. Such a detailed investigation of hybrid structure on the molecular scale is usually provided by computational methods with limited experimental validation. In this study, polarized attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy was used to extract quantitative orientation measurements of montmorillonite particles.

Extrinsic Measurement of Carbon Black Aggregate Distribution within a Fluoroelastomer Matrix from Nanoindentation Experiments.

A novel extrinsic method for the measurement of particle surface distribution in a carbon black-filled elastomer via nanoindentation is developed. This method is based on the measurement of the contact stiffness obtained from the continuous stiffness measurement mode. The proposed tip-particle model is held by two main hypotheses: the particles do not deform significantly during indentation so that only the elastomer matrix elastically deforms; particles are physically bounded with the surrounding matrix.

Reduced deficits observed in children and adolescents with developmental language disorder using proper nonverbalizable span tasks.

Background: Children with developmental language disorder (DLD)-previously called Specific Language Impairment (SLI)-often perform poorly in verbal working memory (WM) tasks, but the picture is less clear regarding their visuospatial WM capacity. Recent research has been inconclusive regarding whether visuospatial working memory is impaired in DLD. Additionally, it is still unclear whether the putative disparity of WM performance persists in adolescence.

Water Mobility within Compacted Clay Samples: Multi-Scale Analysis Exploiting H NMR Pulsed Gradient Spin Echo and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Water Density Profiles.

H NMR pulsed gradient spin echo attenuation and water density profile analysis by magnetic resonance imaging are both used to determine the mobility of water molecules confined within a porous network of compacted kaolinite clay sample (total porosity of ∼50%). These two complementary experimental procedures efficiently probe molecular diffusion within time scales varying between milliseconds and few hours, filling the gap between the time scale of diffusion dynamics measured by traditional quasi elastic neutron scattering and through-diffusion methods. Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging is a nondestructive investigation tool that is able to assess the effect of the local structure on the macroscopic mobility of the diffusing probe.

Evidence of strong stabilizing effects on the evolution of boreoeutherian (Mammalia) dental proportions.

The dentition is an extremely important organ in mammals with variation in timing and sequence of eruption, crown morphology, and tooth size enabling a range of behavioral, dietary, and functional adaptations across the class. Within this suite of variable mammalian dental phenotypes, relative sizes of teeth reflect variation in the underlying genetic and developmental mechanisms. Two ratios of postcanine tooth lengths capture the relative size of premolars to molars (premolar-molar module, PMM), and among the three molars (molar module component, MMC), and are known to be heritable, independent of body size, and to vary significantly across primates.

Core properties and the role of screw dislocations in the bulk n-type conductivity in InN.

First principles calculations, based on density functional theory, have been carried out to investigate the role of screw dislocations in the bulk n-type conductivity which is usually observed in indium nitride. Energetics, atomic and electronic structures of different core configurations of dislocations, running along the [0001] polar or along the [112[combining macron]0] non-polar direction, have been determined and compared. This enabled inspection of the modifications in the properties of screw dislocations when the growth direction is changed.

Selective Electrooxidation of Glycerol Into Value-Added Chemicals: A Short Overview.

A comprehensive overview of the catalysts developed for the electrooxidation of glycerol with the aim of producing selectively value-added compounds is proposed in the present contribution. By presenting the main results reported in the literature on glycerol electrooxidation in acidic and alkaline media, using different kinds of catalytic materials (monometallic catalysts based on platinum group metals and non-noble metals, multimetallic alloys, or modification of surfaces by adatoms, etc.) and under different experimental conditions, some general trends concerning the effects of catalyst composition and structure, of reaction medium and of the electrode potential to enhance the activity for the glycerol oxidation reaction and of the selectivity toward a unique value-added product will be presented and discussed.

Continuous operation of a fluidized-bed disk-type electrostatic separator for micronized plastic waste.

The objective of this work is to highlight the peculiarities of the continuous operating regime of a new tribo-aero-electrostatic separator for the recycling of plastics contained in micronized waste electrical and electronic equipment. The experiments were carried out with an ABS/PS mixture. The particles are charged by triboelectric effect in a fluidized bed in the presence of an electric field created between two disk electrodes connected to high voltage supplies of opposite polarities.

Interface morphology effect on the spin mixing conductance of Pt/FeO bilayers.

Non-magnetic (NM) metals with strong spin-orbit coupling have been recently explored as a probe of interface magnetism on ferromagnetic insulators (FMI) by means of the spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) effect. In NM/FMI heterostructures, increasing the spin mixing conductance (SMC) at the interface comes as an important step towards devices with maximized SMR. Here we report on the study of SMR in Pt/FeO bilayers at cryogenic temperature, and identify a strong dependence of the determined real part of the complex SMC on the interface roughness.

Contribution of minimally invasive bone augmentation to primary stabilization of the osteosynthesis of Schatzker type II tibial plateau fractures: Balloon vs bone tamp.

Background: Schatzker type II tibial plateau fractures necessitate the least invasive treatment possible. Arthroscopic reduction by bone tamp followed by osteosynthesis is the current gold standard for this type of tibial plateau fracture. The objective of this study was to compare this technique to anterior approach tuberoplasty with balloon reduction.

Method Development for Quantification of Bromochloramine Using Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry.

During chloramination of bromide-containing waters, the main brominated amine formed is bromochloramine (NHBrCl). To date, there is no analytical method, free of interference, allowing its accurate quantification. The major reason is that it is not possible to produce a pure NHBrCl solution.

Utility of cement injection to stabilize split-depression tibial plateau fracture by minimally invasive methods: A finite element analysis.

Background: Treatment for fractures of the tibial plateau is in most cases carried out by stable fixation in order to allow early mobilization. Minimally invasive technologies such as tibioplasty or stabilization by locking plate, bone augmentation and cement filling (CF) have recently been used to treat this type of fracture. The aim of this paper was to determine the mechanical behavior of the tibial plateau by numerically modeling and by quantifying the mechanical effects on the tibia mechanical properties from injury healing.

Targeting Gap Junctions: New Insights into the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multifactorial chronic and debilitating mood disease with high lifetime prevalence and associated with excess mortality. Treatments for this disease are not effective in all patients showing the need to find new therapeutic targets.

Objective: This review aims to update our knowledge on the involvement of astroglial gap junctions and hemichannels in MDD and to show how they have become potential targets for the treatment of this pathology.

Adsorption and transformation of the anthelmintic drug niclosamide by manganese oxide.

The manganese oxide birnessite adsorbed and catalyzed the transformation of the anthelminthic drug niclosamide (NIS) into 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline (CNA) and 5-chlorosalicylic acid (CSA) at acidic pH. The adsorption of NIS was fitted using a linear isotherm for all conditions and reaction times. Linear adsorption constant K was 103 000 L kg at pH 5.

Paleoecology of the Serengeti during the Oldowan-Acheulean transition at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania: The mammal and fish evidence.

Eight years of excavation work by the Olduvai Geochronology and Archaeology Project (OGAP) has produced a rich vertebrate fauna from several sites within Bed II, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Study of these as well as recently re-organized collections from Mary Leakey's 1972 HWK EE excavations here provides a synthetic view of the faunal community of Olduvai during Middle Bed II at ∼1.7-1.