Search for dark matter produced in association with a leptonically decaying boson in proton-proton collisions at .

A search for dark matter particles is performed using events with a Z boson candidate and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 , collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016-2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 . The search uses the decay channels and .

Search for top squark pair production using dilepton final states in collision data collected at .

A search is presented for supersymmetric partners of the top quark (top squarks) in final states with two oppositely charged leptons (electrons or muons), jets identified as originating from quarks, and missing transverse momentum. The search uses data from proton-proton collisions at collected with the CMS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 . Hypothetical signal events are efficiently separated from the dominant top quark pair production background with requirements on the significance of the missing transverse momentum and on transverse mass variables.

Semi-automatic Extraction of Functional Dynamic Networks Describing Patient's Epileptic Seizures.

Intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) studies using stereotactic EEG (SEEG) have shown that during seizures, epileptic activity spreads across several anatomical regions from the seizure onset zone toward remote brain areas. A full and objective characterization of this patient-specific time-varying network is crucial for optimal surgical treatment. Functional connectivity (FC) analysis of SEEG signals recorded during seizures enables to describe the statistical relations between all pairs of recorded signals.

Measurement of single-diffractive dijet production in proton-proton collisions at with the CMS and TOTEM experiments.

Measurements are presented of the single-diffractive dijet cross section and the diffractive cross section as a function of the proton fractional momentum loss and the four-momentum transfer squared . Both processes and , i.e.

Modeling Stress-Recovery Status Through Heart Rate Changes Along a Cycling Grand Tour.

Background: Heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) indices are established tools to detect abnormal recovery status in athletes. A low HR and vagally mediated HRV index change between supine and standing positions reflected a maladaptive training stress-recovery status.

Objectives: Our study was focused on a female multistage cycling event.

Autonomous out-of-equilibrium Maxwell's demon for controlling the energy fluxes produced by thermal fluctuations.

An autonomous out-of-equilibrium Maxwell's demon is used to reverse the natural direction of the heat flux between two electric circuits kept at different temperatures and coupled by the electric thermal noise. The demon does not process any information, but it achieves its goal by using a frequency-dependent coupling with the two reservoirs of the system. There is no mean energy flux between the demon and the system, but the total entropy production (system+demon) is positive.

Memory effects in glasses: Insights into the thermodynamics of out-of-equilibrium systems revealed by a simple model of the Kovacs effect.

Glasses are interesting materials because they allow us to explore the puzzling properties of out-of-equilibrium systems. One of them is the Kovacs effect in which a glass, brought to an out-of-equilibrium state in which all its thermodynamic variables are identical to those of an equilibrium state, nevertheless evolves, showing a hump in some global variable before the thermodynamic variables come back to their starting point. We show that a simple three-state system is sufficient to study this phenomenon using numerical integrations and exact analytical calculations.

Small-molecule sequestration of amyloid-β as a drug discovery strategy for Alzheimer's disease.

Disordered proteins are challenging therapeutic targets, and no drug is currently in clinical use that modifies the properties of their monomeric states. Here, we identify a small molecule (10074-G5) capable of binding and sequestering the intrinsically disordered amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in its monomeric, soluble state. Our analysis reveals that this compound interacts with Aβ and inhibits both the primary and secondary nucleation pathways in its aggregation process.

Screened activity expansion for the grand potential of a quantum plasma and how to derive approximate equations of state compatible with electroneutrality.

We consider a quantum multicomponent plasma made with S species of point charged particles interacting via the Coulomb potential. We derive the screened activity series for the pressure in the grand-canonical ensemble within the Feynman-Kac path integral representation of the system in terms of a classical gas of loops. This series is useful for computing equations of state for it is nonperturbative with respect to the strength of the interaction and it involves relatively few diagrams at a given order.

Mixed higher-order anisotropic flow and nonlinear response coefficients of charged particles in collisions at and 5.02 .

Anisotropies in the initial energy density distribution of the quark-gluon plasma created in high energy heavy ion collisions lead to anisotropies in the azimuthal distributions of the final-state particles known as collective anisotropic flow. Fourier harmonic decomposition is used to quantify these anisotropies. The higher-order harmonics can be induced by the same order anisotropies (linear response) or by the combined influence of several lower order anisotropies (nonlinear response) in the initial state.

Sediment motion induced by Faraday waves in a Hele-Shaw cell.

The interaction between the oscillatory boundary-layer flow induced by Faraday waves and a sedimentary granular layer was studied in a Hele-Shaw cell vertically vibrated. The experimental parameters were the vibration frequency f and acceleration a and the particle diameter d_{p}. At a critical value for the depth of the supernatant fluid layer Δh_{c}, a transition between a flat motionless granular layer and a second regime in which the granular layer undulates and oscillates periodically was observed.

4D Genome Rewiring during Oncogene-Induced and Replicative Senescence.

To understand the role of the extensive senescence-associated 3D genome reorganization, we generated genome-wide chromatin interaction maps, epigenome, replication-timing, whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, and gene expression profiles from cells entering replicative senescence (RS) or upon oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). We identify senescence-associated heterochromatin domains (SAHDs). Differential intra- versus inter-SAHD interactions lead to the formation of senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHFs) in OIS but not in RS.

Blind testing of shoreline evolution models.

Beaches around the world continuously adjust to daily and seasonal changes in wave and tide conditions, which are themselves changing over longer time-scales. Different approaches to predict multi-year shoreline evolution have been implemented; however, robust and reliable predictions of shoreline evolution are still problematic even in short-term scenarios (shorter than decadal). Here we show results of a modelling competition, where 19 numerical models (a mix of established shoreline models and machine learning techniques) were tested using data collected for Tairua beach, New Zealand with 18 years of daily averaged alongshore shoreline position and beach rotation (orientation) data obtained from a camera system.

Unlike for cellular mRNAs and other viral internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs), the eIF3 subunit e is not required for the translational activity of the HCV IRES.

Viruses depend on the host cell translation machinery for their replication, and one common strategy is the presence of internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) in the viral RNAs, using different sets of host translation initiation factors. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) IRES binds eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3), but the exact functional role of the eIF3 complex and of its subunits remains to be precisely defined. Toward this goal, here we focused on eIF3 subunit e.

Generation of Remosomes by the SWI/SNF Chromatin Remodeler Family.

Chromatin remodelers are complexes able to both alter histone-DNA interactions and to mobilize nucleosomes. The mechanism of their action and the conformation of remodeled nucleosomes remain a matter of debates. In this work we compared the type and structure of the products of nucleosome remodeling by SWI/SNF and ACF complexes using high-resolution microscopy combined with novel biochemical approaches.

Beyond the Concentration Limitation in the Synthesis of Nanobipyramids and Other Pentatwinned Gold Nanostructures.

Gold nanoparticles offer unique optoelectronic properties relevant for a wide range of processes and products, in biology and medicine (therapeutic agents, diagnostic, drug delivery), as well as in electronics, photovoltaics, and catalysis. So far, various synthesis methods proposed have led to rather limited concentration and purity of the colloidal suspensions, severely hindering their use. Here, we present a simple and versatile procedure for the synthesis of gold pentatwinned nanostructures, including nanobipyramids based on a seed-mediated growth process that overcomes the concentration limitations of current methods by 2 orders of magnitude.

Faraday waves over a permeable rough substrate.

We report on an experimental study of the Faraday instability in a vibrated fluid layer situated over a permeable and rough substrate, consisting either of a flat solid plate or of woven meshes having different openings and wire diameters, open or closed (by a sealing paint). We measure the critical acceleration and the wavelength (on the images from top) at the onset of the instability for vibration frequencies between 28 and 42 Hz. We observe that, in comparison with the flat plate, a mesh leads to an increase of the critical acceleration, whereas the wavelength is not significantly altered in none of the explored cases.

Phase-change switching in 2D via soft interactions.

We present a new type of phase-change behavior relevant for information storage applications, that can be observed in 2D systems with cluster-forming ability. The temperature-based control of the ordering in 2D particle systems depends on the existence of a crystal-to-glass transition. We perform molecular dynamics simulations of models with soft interactions, demonstrating that the crystalline and amorphous structures can be easily tuned by heat pulses.

A Supramolecular Palladium Catalyst Displaying Substrate Selectivity by Remote Control.

Inspired by enzymes such as cytochrome P-450, the study of the reactivity of metalloporphyrins continues to attract major interest in the field of homogeneous catalysis. However, little is known about benefitting from the substrate-recognition properties of porphyrins containing additional, catalytically relevant active sites. Herein, such an approach is introduced by using supramolecular ligands derived from metalloporphyrins customized with rigid, palladium-coordinating nitrile groups.

Radiative heating achieves the ultimate regime of thermal convection.

The absorption of light or radiation drives turbulent convection inside stars, supernovae, frozen lakes, and Earth's mantle. In these contexts, the goal of laboratory and numerical studies is to determine the relation between the internal temperature gradients and the heat flux transported by the turbulent flow. This is the constitutive law of turbulent convection, to be input into large-scale models of such natural flows.

Thermal bath engineering for swift equilibration.

We provide a theoretical and experimental protocol that dynamically controls the effective temperature of a thermal bath, through a well-designed noise engineering. We use this powerful technique to shortcut the relaxation of an overdamped Brownian particle in a quadratic potential by a joint time engineering of the confinement strength and of the noise. For an optically trapped colloid, we report an equilibrium recovery time reduced by about two orders of magnitude compared to the natural relaxation time.

Spatiotemporal Organization of Correlated Local Activity within Global Avalanches in Slowly Driven Interfaces.

We study the jerky response of slowly driven fronts in disordered media, just above the depinning transition. We focus on how spatially disconnected clusters of internally correlated activity lead to large-scale velocity fluctuations in the form of global avalanches and identify three different ways in which local activity clusters may organize within a global avalanche, depending on the distance to criticality. Our analysis provides new scaling relations between the power-law exponents of the statistical distributions of sizes and durations of local bursts and global avalanches.

Redox-Induced Molecular Metamorphism Promoting a Sol/Gel Phase Transition in a Viologen-Based Coordination Polymer.

We have developed a strategy enabling control over the organization of ditopic molecular tectons within a palladium-based self-assembled system. The key electron-responsive sub-unit is a viologen-based mechanical hinge that can toggle under electric stimulation between a folded and a stretched position, the driving force of the folding motion being the π-dimerisation of the electrogenerated viologen cation radicals. The title ditopic tecton features two planar, N2-type, triazole/pyridine-based bidentate binding units, providing the tecton with the ability to chelate two palladium ions both in its folded and in its elongated conformations.