Steroids and steroid-like compounds alter the ion permeability of phospholipid bilayers distinct interactions with lipids and interfacial water.

Steroids are organic compounds found in all forms of biological life. Besides their structural roles in cell membranes, steroids act as signalling molecules in various physiological processes and are used to treat inflammatory conditions. It has been hypothesised that in addition to their well-characterised genomic and non-genomic pathways, steroids exert their biological or pharmacological activities an indirect, nonreceptor-mediated membrane mechanism caused by steroid-induced changes to the physicochemical properties of cell membranes.

Paediatric-to-adult transition in type 1 diabetes: A two-centre experience of a structured program, 2014 to 2022.

Background: Transition from paediatric to adult healthcare is a turning point for patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). A gradual coordinated process connecting paediatric and adult healthcare providers may improve adherence to adult follow-up.

Aims: To describe a transition process developed jointly by paediatric and adult diabetology units and compare patients progressing or not to follow-up in adult care setting.

Epicardial Adipose Tissue from Computed Tomography: a Missing Link in Premature Coronary Artery Disease?

Purpose: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) could contribute to the specific atherosclerosis profile observed in premature coronary artery disease (pCAD) characterized by accelerated plaque burden (calcified and non-calcified), high risk plaque features (HRP) and ischemic recurrence. Our aims were to describe EAT volume and density in pCAD compared to asymptomatic individuals matched on CV risk factors and to study their relationship with coronary plaque severity extension and vulnerability.

Materials And Methods: 208 patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) were analyzed.

Vertical Quantum Confinement in Bulk MoS.

We experimentally observe quantum confinement states in bulk MoS by using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). The band structure at the Γ̅ point reveals quantum well states (QWSs) linked to vertical quantum confinement of the electrons, confirmed by the absence of dispersion in and a strong intensity modulation with the photon energy. Notably, the binding energy dependence of the QWSs versus does not follow the quadratic dependence of a two-dimensional electron gas.

Tropical Indian Ocean drives Hadley circulation change in a warming climate.

The weakening and poleward expansion of the Hadley circulation (HC) are considered robust responses of atmospheric meridional circulation to anthropogenic warming. Climate impacts arising from these changes enhance drought conditions and reduce food production in the affected regions. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of HC changes is critical to anticipating the resultant climate risks.

Corrigendum: Editorial: Early development of sound processing in the service of speech and music perception.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.

Visualizing and quantifying biomineral preservation in fossil vertebrate dental remains.

In this study, we attempt to illustrate fossil vertebrate dental tissue geochemistry and, by inference, its extent of diagenetic alteration, using quantitative, semi-quantitative and optical tools to evaluate bioapatite preservation. We present visual comparisons of elemental compositions in fish and plesiosaur dental remains ranging in age from Silurian to Cretaceous, based on a combination of micro-scale optical cathodoluminescence (CL) observations (optical images and scanning electron microscope) with minor, trace and rare earth element (REE) compositions (EDS, maps and REE profiles), as a tool for assessing diagenetic processes and biomineral preservation during fossilization of vertebrate dental apatite. Tissue-selective REE values have been obtained using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), indicating areas of potential REE enrichment, combined with cathodoluminescence (CL) analysis.

Metabolic adaptation of myeloid cells in the glioblastoma microenvironment.

In recent decades, immunometabolism in cancers has emerged as an interesting target for treatment development. Indeed, the tumor microenvironment (TME) unique characteristics such as hypoxia and limitation of nutrients availability lead to a switch in metabolic pathways in both tumor and TME cells in order to support their adaptation and grow. Glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, has been extensively studied in multiple aspects regarding its immune population, but research focused on immunometabolism remains limited.

Contributions of connectional pathways to shaping Alzheimer's disease pathologies.

Four important imaging biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease, namely grey matter atrophy, glucose hypometabolism and amyloid-β and tau deposition, follow stereotypical spatial distributions shaped by the brain network of structural and functional connections. In this case-control study, we combined several predictors reflecting various possible mechanisms of spreading through structural and functional pathways to predict the topography of the four biomarkers in amyloid-positive patients while controlling for the effect of spatial distance along the cortex. For each biomarker, we quantified the relative contribution of each predictor to the variance explained by the model.

Evaporation-Induced Reticular Growth of UiO-66_NH in Chitosan Films: Adsorption of Iodine.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) combined with polymers as hybrid materials offer numerous advantages such as enhanced performances through synergistic effects at their interface. The primary challenge in developing polymer/MOF hybrid matrix films is ensuring optimal dispersion and strong adhesion of crystalline MOFs to the polymer without aggregation, weak interaction, or phase separation. In this study, hierarchically porous UiO-66_NH/chitosan (ZrCSx-) films were designed by crystallizing UiO-66_NH within a chitosan (CS) skeleton.

Unraveling the Origin of Unusual Cs Atom Disorder in Cesium Octahedral Molybdenum Halide Cluster Compounds, Cs[{MoX}X] (X = Cl and Br).

In this study, we investigate structural disorder and its implications in metal cluster (MC)-based compounds, specifically focusing on Cs[{MoX}X] (X = Cl and Br). Utilizing synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and luminescence measurements, we examined the incorporation of water molecules into these compounds and their effects on the crystal structure and optical properties. Our findings reveal that the presence of water molecules induces the lattice disorder, particularly the displacement of Cs atoms.

[Not Available].

Background: Although self-esteem is a relatively new concept, first developed in the field of social psychology, it has gained increasing importance in psychiatry, especially as a diagnostic criterion. However, it is poorly evaluated in clinical practice. The lack of an instrument allowing an easy global assessment may be the reason for this.

Simulating Early Phonetic and Word Learning Without Linguistic Categories.

Before they even talk, infants become sensitive to the speech sounds of their native language and recognize the auditory form of an increasing number of words. Traditionally, these early perceptual changes are attributed to an emerging knowledge of linguistic categories such as phonemes or words. However, there is growing skepticism surrounding this interpretation due to limited evidence of category knowledge in infants.

Neuroprotection by chronic administration of Fluoroethylnormemantine (FENM) in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Fluoroethylnormemantine (FENM), a new Memantine (MEM) derivative, prevented amyloid-β[25-35] peptide (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity in mice, a pharmacological model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with high predictive value for drug discovery. Here, as drug infusion is likely to better reflect drug bioavailability due to the interspecies pharmacokinetics variation, we analyzed the efficacy of FENM after chronic subcutaneous (SC) infusion, in comparison with IP injections in two AD mouse models, Aβ-injected mice and the transgenic APP/PSEN1 (APP/PS1) line.

Methods: In Aβ-treated mice, FENM was infused at 0.

Predicting emergency department admissions using a machine-learning algorithm: a proof of concept with retrospective study.

Introduction: Overcrowding in emergency departments (ED) is a major public health issue, leading to increased workload and exhaustion for the teams, resulting poor outcomes. It seems interesting to be able to predict the admissions of patients in the ED.

Aim: The main objective of this study was to build and test a prediction tool for ED admissions using artificial intelligence.

Cuttlefish favour their current need to hide rather than their future need for food.

Episodic memory and future thinking are generally considered as two parts of the same mental time travelling system in vertebrates. Modern cephalopods, with their independent evolutionary lineage and their complex cognitive abilities, appear as promising species to determine whether these abilities have separate evolutionary histories or not. In our study, we tested future-planning abilities in a cephalopod species which has been shown to possess episodic-like memory abilities: the common cuttlefish.

Pulmonary Consequences of Surgical Treatment in Children's Primary Lung Tumors: A National Retrospective Study.

Background And Aims: Primary lung tumors (PLTs) in children are rare, and surgery remains the key to ensure remission. Here we describe the PLTs clinical characteristics, their management, and the pulmonary outcome following surgery.

Methods: We carried out a French national cohort of pediatric PLTs from 2013 to 2023 from the FRACTURE rare pediatric tumors national database.

Joint EANM/EANO/RANO/SNMMI practice guideline/procedure standard for PET imaging of brain metastases: version 1.0.

This joint practice guideline/procedure standard was collaboratively developed by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM), the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI), the European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO), and the PET task force of the Response Assessment in Neurooncology Working Group (PET/RANO). Brain metastases are the most common malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors. PET imaging with radiolabeled amino acids and to lesser extent [F]FDG has gained considerable importance in the assessment of brain metastases, especially for the differential diagnosis between recurrent metastases and treatment-related changes which remains a limitation using conventional MRI.

Synthesis of single-crystalline sp-carbon-linked covalent organic frameworks through imine-to-olefin transformation.

sp-carbon-linked covalent organic frameworks (spc-COFs) are crystalline porous polymers with repeat organic units linked by sp carbons, and have attracted increasing interest due to their robust skeleton and tunable semiconducting properties. Single-crystalline spc-COFs with well-defined structures can represent an ideal platform for investigating fundamental physics properties and device performance. However, the robust olefin bonds inhibit the reversible-reaction-based crystal self-correction, thus yielding polycrystalline or amorphous polymers.

Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model of Cefotaxime in Patients with Impaired Renal Function.

Background: Cefotaxime is a widely prescribed cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat various infections. It is mainly eliminated unchanged by the kidney through tubular secretion and glomerular filtration. Therefore, a reduction of kidney function may increase exposure to the drug and induce toxic side effects.

Invasive macroalgae shape chemical and microbial waterscapes on coral reefs.

Over the past decades, human impacts have changed the structure of tropical benthic reef communities towards coral depletion and macroalgal proliferation. However, how these changes have modified chemical and microbial waterscapes is poorly known. Here, we assessed how the experimental removal of macroalgal assemblages influences the chemical and microbial composition of two reef boundary layers, the benthic and the momentum.

The circadian clock gene period regulates the composition and daily bacterial load of the gut microbiome in Drosophila melanogaster.

While Drosophila melanogaster serves as a crucial model for investigating both the circadian clock and gut microbiome, our understanding of their relationship in this organism is still limited. Recent analyses suggested that the Drosophila gut microbiome modulates the host circadian transcriptome to minimize rapid oscillations in response to changing environments. Here, we examined the composition and abundance of the gut microbiota in wild-type and arrhythmic per flies, under 12 h:12 h light: dark (12:12 LD) and constant darkness (DD) conditions.

Rapid climate action is needed: comparing heat vs. COVID-19-related mortality.

The impacts of climate change on human health are often underestimated or perceived to be in a distant future. Here, we present the projected impacts of climate change in the context of COVID-19, a recent human health catastrophe. We compared projected heat mortality with COVID-19 deaths in 38 cities worldwide and found that in half of these cities, heat-related deaths could exceed annual COVID-19 deaths in less than ten years (at + 3.