Magnitude and determinants of intimate partner violence against women in Somalia: evidence from the SDHS survey 2020 dataset.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive issue across Sub-Saharan Africa and other developing countries, including Somalia. Understanding the prevalence and drivers of IPV against women is crucial for effective prevention and intervention efforts. However, limited research has focused on identifying these determinants specifically in the Somali context.

Complexity and recurrence of body surface electrocardiograms correlate with estimated reentrant atrial activity using electrocardiographic imaging in atrial fibrillation patients.

Background: Complexity and signal recurrence metrics obtained from body surface potential mapping (BSPM) allow quantifying atrial fibrillation (AF) substrate complexity. This study aims to correlate electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) detected reentrant patterns with BSPM-calculated signal complexity and recurrence metrics.

Methods: BSPM signals were recorded from 28 AF patients (17 male, 11 women, 62.

Exploring Brain Imaging and Genetic Risk Factors in Different Progression States of Alzheimer's Disease Through OSnetNMF-Based Methods.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with no effective treatment, often preceded by mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Multimodal imaging genetics integrates imaging and genetic data to gain a deeper understanding of disease progression and individual variations. This study focuses on exploring the mechanisms that drive the transition from normal cognition to MCI and ultimately to AD.

The translational landscape of HIV-1 infected cells reveals key gene regulatory principles.

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) uses a number of strategies to modulate viral and host gene expression during its life cycle. To characterize the transcriptional and translational landscape of HIV-1 infected cells, we used a combination of ribosome profiling, disome sequencing and RNA sequencing. We show that HIV-1 messenger RNAs are efficiently translated at all stages of infection, despite evidence for a substantial decrease in the translational efficiency of host genes that are implicated in host cell translation.

Elongator is a microtubule polymerase selective for polyglutamylated tubulin.

Elongator is a tRNA-modifying complex that regulates protein translation. Recently, a moonlighting function of Elongator has been identified in regulating the polarization of the microtubule cytoskeleton during asymmetric cell division. Elongator induces symmetry breaking of the anaphase midzone by selectively stabilizing microtubules on one side of the spindle, contributing to the downstream polarized segregation of cell-fate determinants, and therefore to cell fate determination.

Causally Mapping the Cerebellum in Children and Young Adults: from Motor to Cognition.

While the cerebellum's role in orchestrating motor execution and routines is well established, its functional role in supporting cognition is less clear. Previous studies claim that motricity and cognition are mapped in different areas of the cerebellar cortex, with an anterior/posterior dichotomy. However, most of the studies supporting this claim either use correlational methods (neuroimaging) or are lesion studies that did not consider central covariates (such as age, gender, treatment presence, and deep nuclei impairment) known to influence motor and cognitive recoveries in patients.

Intranasally administrated fusion-inhibitory lipopeptides block SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice and enable long-term protective immunity.

We have assessed antiviral activity and induction of protective immunity of fusion-inhibitory lipopeptides derived from the C-terminal heptad-repeat domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein in transgenic mice expressing human ACE2 (K18-hACE2). The lipopeptides block SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell lines and lung-derived organotypic cultures. Intranasal administration in mice allows the maintenance of homeostatic transcriptomic immune profile in lungs, prevents body-weight loss, decreases viral load and shedding, and protects mice from death caused by SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Methane emissions from the Nord Stream subsea pipeline leaks.

The amount of methane released to the atmosphere from the Nord Stream subsea pipeline leaks remains uncertain, as reflected in a wide range of estimates. A lack of information regarding the temporal variation in atmospheric emissions has made it challenging to reconcile pipeline volumetric (bottom-up) estimates with measurement-based (top-down) estimates. Here we simulate pipeline rupture emission rates and integrate these with methane dissolution and sea-surface outgassing estimates to model the evolution of atmospheric emissions from the leaks.

Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treatment of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder - recommendations from ECTRIMS and the EBMT.

Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is a treatment option for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) that are refractory to disease-modifying therapy (DMT). AHSCT after failure of high-efficacy DMT in aggressive forms of relapsing-remitting MS is a generally accepted indication, yet the optimal placement of this approach in the treatment sequence is not universally agreed upon. Uncertainties also remain with respect to other indications, such as in rapidly evolving, severe, treatment-naive MS, progressive MS, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).

Application of three statistical approaches to explore effects of dietary intake of multiple persistent organic pollutants on ER-positive breast cancer risk in the French E3N cohort.

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a group of organic chemical compounds. Contradictory results have emerged in epidemiological studies attempting to elucidate their relationship with breast cancer risk. This study explored the relationship between dietary exposures to multiple POPs and ER-positive breast cancer risk in the French E3N cohort study, using three different approaches to handle multicollinearity among exposures.

Deep eutectic solvent enhances antibacterial activity of a modular lytic enzyme against Acinetobacter baumannii.

In this study, we evaluated the combined effect between MLE-15, a modular lytic enzyme composed of four building blocks, and reline, a natural deep eutectic solvent. The bioinformatic analysis allowed us to determine the spatial architecture of MLE-15, whose components were bactericidal peptide cecropin A connected via a flexible linker to the cell wall binding domain (CBD) of mesophilic 201ϕ2 - 1 endolysin and catalytic domain (EAD) of highly thermostable Ph2119 endolysin. The modular enzyme showed high thermostability with the melting temperature of 93.

multistrap: boosting phylogenetic analyses with structural information.

In a phylogeny, trustworthy reliability branch support estimates are as important as the tree itself. We show that reliability support values based on bootstrapping can be improved by combining sequence and structural information from proteins. Our approach relies on the systematic comparison of homologous intra-molecular structural distances.

Atlantic overturning inferred from air-sea heat fluxes indicates no decline since the 1960s.

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is crucial for global ocean carbon and heat uptake, and controls the climate around the North Atlantic. Despite its importance, quantifying the AMOC's past changes and assessing its vulnerability to climate change remains highly uncertain. Understanding past AMOC changes has relied on proxies, most notably sea surface temperature anomalies over the subpolar North Atlantic.

The Toxoplasma rhoptry protein ROP55 is a major virulence factor that prevents lytic host cell death.

Programmed-cell death is an antimicrobial defense mechanism that promotes clearance of intracellular pathogens. Toxoplasma counteracts host immune defenses by secreting effector proteins into host cells; however, how the parasite evades lytic cell death and the effectors involved remain poorly characterized. We identified ROP55, a rhoptry protein that promotes parasite survival by preventing lytic cell death in absence of IFN-γ stimulation.

Structural basis of phosphate export by human XPR1.

Phosphorus in crucial for all living organisms. In vertebrate, cellular phosphate homeostasis is partly controlled by XPR1, a poorly characterized inositol pyrophosphate-dependent phosphate exporter. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of human XPR1, which forms a loose dimer with 10 transmembrane helices (TM) in each protomer.

Structural basis of Spliced Leader RNA recognition by the Trypanosoma brucei cap-binding complex.

Kinetoplastids are a clade of eukaryotic protozoans that include human parasitic pathogens like trypanosomes and Leishmania species. In these organisms, protein-coding genes are transcribed as polycistronic pre-mRNAs, which need to be processed by the coupled action of trans-splicing and polyadenylation to yield monogenic mature mRNAs. During trans-splicing, a universal RNA sequence, the spliced leader RNA (SL RNA) mini-exon, is added to the 5'-end of each mRNA.

Morphological and functional convergence of visual projection neurons from diverse neurogenic origins in Drosophila.

The Drosophila visual system is a powerful model to study the development of neural circuits. Lobula columnar neurons-LCNs are visual output neurons that encode visual features relevant to natural behavior. There are ~20 classes of LCNs forming non-overlapping synaptic optic glomeruli in the brain.

NEMS generated electromechanical frequency combs.

This paper presents a novel technique for low-power generation of frequency combs (FC) over a wide frequency range. It leverages modal interactions between electrical and mechanical resonators in electrostatic NEMS operating in air to provide a simple architecture for FC generators. A biased voltage signal drives the electrical resonator at resonance which is set to match an integer submultiple of twice the mechanical resonator's resonance.

Separation of polar and neutral lipids from mammalian cell lines by high-performance thin-layer chromatography.

The introduction of high-performance TLC (HPTLC) instrumentation that allows precise control of critical parameters has transformed the technique into an efficient and rapid tool for analyzing various metabolites, namely lipids. Although mass spectrometry (MS) has largely replaced lipid analysis techniques over recent decades due to its comprehensive lipidome profiling capabilities, it typically lacks the rapidity and simplicity of TLC. HPTLC remains advantageous due to its ease of use, simpler data interpretation, and compatibility with complementary techniques.

Morphological study of the anterior dentition in Raoellidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla), new insight on their dietary habits.

Raoellidae are small artiodactyls from the Indian subcontinent closely related to stem cetaceans. They bring crucial information to understand the early phase of the land-to-water transition in Cetacea. If they are considered to be partly aquatic, the question of their dietary habits remains partly understood due to their "transitional" morphology.

Epidemiology of Major Amputation Following Diabetic Foot Ulcer: Insights from Recent Nationwide Data in the French National Health Registry (SNDS).

Objective: The out-of-hospital care pathways of people with DFU have been little studied. We used the French National Health Data System (SNDS) to collect refund and care pathway data for all French residents. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of major lower limb amputation (MA) and associated risk factors in a population with an incident DFU.

Synthesis and physico-chemical investigation of thiolated dextran derivative: Design and application of a redox-responsive drug delivery system.

In the present investigation, redox-responsive-based dextran carriers were developed for the controlled release of hydrophobic molecules via a reducing agent naturally present in cells, namely glutathione. In this sense, dextran was modified with a thiol derivative. The roles of the hydrophilic segments in the molecular self-organisation of polysaccharide derivatives into nanoparticles were investigated by varying the average dextran molar mass.

Fine social discrimination of siblings in mice: Implications for early detection of Alzheimer's disease.

The ability to distinguish between individuals is crucial for social species and supports behaviors such as reproduction, hierarchy formation, and cooperation. In rodents, social discrimination relies on memory and the recognition of individual-specific cues, known as "individual signatures". While olfactory signals are central, other sensory cues - such as auditory, visual, and tactile inputs - also play a role.

A randomised phase III study of bevacizumab and carboplatin-pemetrexed chemotherapy with or without atezolizumab, as first-line treatment for advanced pleural mesothelioma: results of the ETOP 13 18 BEAT-meso trial.

Background: The currently approved frontline treatments for diffuse pleural mesothelioma (DPM) are ipilimumab-nivolumab or platinum-pemetrexed. The addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy improves overall survival (OS). While single-agent immunotherapy or chemotherapy-immunotherapy combinations are superior to chemotherapy monotherapy, there is a potential for synergistic triple combination of chemotherapy, bevacizumab, and immunotherapy.

Bioenergetic adaptations of small intestinal epithelial cells reduce cell differentiation enhancing intestinal permeability in obese mice.

Background: Obesity and overweight are associated with low-grade inflammation induced by adipose tissue expansion and perpetuated by altered intestinal homeostasis, including increased epithelial permeability. Intestinal epithelium functions are supported by intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) mitochondria function.

Methods And Results: Here, we report that diet-induced obesity (DIO) in mice induces lipid metabolism adaptations favoring lipid storage in IEC together with reduced number, altered dynamics and diminished oxidative phosphorylation activity of IEC mitochondria.